Classification and levels of automated systems. Classification and levels of automated systems Categories of technical complexity of automated systems

Table 1

Notes: 1. Category II and III systems technical complexity may have one or more features listed as a characteristic of the system.

2. In the event that a complex system contains in its composition systems (subsystems) that, according to the structure and composition of the CPTS or CTS, are attributed to different categories of technical complexity, the complexity factor of such a system is calculated in accordance with clause 2.2.

1.10. Estimated norms are developed for systems of I, II and III categories of technical complexity, depending on the number of communication channels for the formation of input and output signals.

Under the communication channel for the formation of input and output signals (hereinafter - the channel) should be understood as a set of technical means and communication lines that provide the transformation, processing and transmission of information for use in the system.

The Collection takes into account the quantity:

Information channels (including measurement, control, notification, address, status, etc. channels);

Control channels.

The composition of information channels and control channels, in turn, takes into account the number of channels:

Discrete - contact and non-contact on alternating and direct current, pulsed from discrete (signaling) measuring transducers, for monitoring the status of various on-off devices, as well as for transmitting command signals of the “on-off” type, etc .;

Analog, which include (for the purposes of this Collection) all the rest - current, voltage, frequency, mutual inductance, natural or unified signals of measuring transducers (sensors) that change continuously, encoded (pulse or digital) signals for the exchange of information between different digital devices information processing, etc.

How to properly apply the collection GESNp-2001-02 "Automated control systems" to determine the number of information channels in the production of commissioning fire alarms. Our organization, guided by Table. No. 8 of the Technical part to the Collection GESNp-2001-02 "Automated control systems", "A manual for the preparation of estimates (estimates) for commissioning work on automated process control systems (APCS), namely chapter II" Comments on certain provisions of the collections GESNp-2001-02, FERp-2", chapter III "Examples of determining the total number of information and control channels and labor costs", Example No. 11 "Determination of labor costs in the production of commissioning work on a fire alarm system based on a receiving control panel", calculates the number of information channels fire alarm systems by the number of smoke, heat and manual call points.

Is this true?

Answer: Journal No. 1 (53), 2009 "Consultations and clarifications on pricing and estimated rationing in construction"

LLC "KTsTS", whose specialists are the developers of the Collections for commissioning GESNp (FERp) -2001-02 "Automated control systems" and "Guidelines for the application of federal unit prices for commissioning" (MDS 81-40.2006), "Manuals for the preparation of estimates calculations (estimates) for commissioning work on automated control systems (APCS)”, on the merits of the question asked, reports: In the absence of actuators in the fire alarm system, the number of channels is determined by the 2nd group of information channels according to the number of sensors-detectors, according to the principle of one sensor - one information discrete channel. The number of signal lines (loops) is not taken into account in the calculation of discrete information channels. During commissioning (testing) and acceptance testing of the system, it is necessary to check the operation of each sensor in the signal lines (loops), along with other tests:

measurement of line insulation resistance;

measurement of ohmic resistance;

measurement of electrical parameters of operating modes (“on duty”, “break”, “fire”, “alarm”);

measurement of electrical tests, including interaction with adjacent systems, ensuring stable and stable operation of the substation (“without false alarms”) in accordance with the requirements of the project.

In the presence of related automation systems (automatic fire extinguishing systems, ventilation automation, etc.) performed on separate projects, information communication channels (interactions) are taken into account for the 5th group of channels. technical ...

SYSTEM OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION

ESTIMATE STANDARDS
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FERp 81-04-02-2001

Approved And introduced in de th action from 16 April l I 2003 G.
resolution Gosstroy Russia from 16 . 04 . 2003 G . № 35

FEDERAL
UNIT PRICES
ON START H A L A D O N T WORKS

FERp-2001

Collection No.2

AUTOMATED SYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT

State Committee of the Russian Federation
for construction and housing n o-comm al complex
(Gosstroy of Russia)

Moscow2003G.

Federal unit prices for commissioning about private work FERp- 2001-02 Automated control systems.

(Gosstroy of Russia) Moscow, 2003G.

Designed to determine direct costsT in the estimated cost, as well as for settlements for the completed commissioning automated systems management.

Compilation designed in price level1-th territorial region as of January 1, 2000.

DEVELOPEDFederal State Unitary Enterprise TsNIIEUS Gosstroy of Russia (Zh.G. Cherns shova, L.V. Razmadze), JSC "Association of Monta zhavtomatika "(B .Z . Barlasov, M.I. Logoiko), Coordinating Center for Pricing and Estimated Rationing in Construction LLC (A.N. Zhukov) with the participation of the Interregional Center for Pricing in Construction and Industry building materials(MTsTSS) Gosstroy of Russia (V.P. Shuppo).

CONSIDEREDDepartment of Pricing and Estimated Rationing of the Gosstroy of Russia (Editorial Commission: V.A. Stepanov - Head, V.G.Kozmodemyansk iy, T .L. Gri ischenkova).

INTRODUCEDDepartment of Pricing and Estimated Rationing of the Gosstroy of Russia.

APPROVED AND INTRODUCED from 16 . 04. 200316. 04. 2003 No. 35

FEDERAL UNIT RATES
ON PUSKON L ADDITIONAL WORKS

Collection № 2

Automated control systems

FERp-2001-02

TECHNICAL PART

1. General provisions

1. 1. These federal unit prices (hereinafter referred to as prices) are intended to determine direct costs in the estimated cost of the start-up palmar x works on automated control systems at commissioning under construction, as well as reconstructed, expanded and technically re-equipped operating enterprises, buildings and structures.

1. 2. Prices reflect the industry average level of technology and organization of commissioning th works.

The rates are obligatory for application by all enterprises and organizations, regardless of their departmental affiliation and forms of ownership, carrying out capital construction at the expense of the state budget of all levels and target off-budget funds.

For construction projects funded by own funds enterprises, organizations and individuals, the prices of this collection are advisory in nature.

1. 3. Rates are based on:

Collection of state elemental estimated norms for start-up l and daughters e work - GESNp-2001-02 "Automated control systems", approved and put into effect from July 15, 2001 by a resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated July 23, 2001 No. 84;

start-up pay levell recruiting personnel hired on the basis of the state statistical reporting in construction in the first territorial region as of January 1, 2000.

1. 4. When applying this collection, in addition to the provisions contained in this technical part, it is necessary to take into account the general requirements given in the Guidelines for the use of federal unit prices for commissioning, approved and put into effect by the Gosstroy of Russia.

1. 5. This Collection applies to:

Automated process control systems (APCS);

Centralized operational dispatch control systems;

Automatic fire and security fire alarm systems;

Systems of control and automatic control of fire extinguishing and antidsmoke protection;

telemechanical systems.

The collection is not intended to determine direct costs in the estimated cost of work:

For precision in-line analyzers of the physicochemical properties of media and products circulating in the technological process: refractometers, chromatographs, octane meters and other similar single-use analyzers;

For software and hardware complexes of computer centers for economic or other information not related to technological processes;

For video surveillance (security) systems using television installations, loud-speaking communications (alerts), etc., the direct costs of which are determined according to the Collection for the installation of equipment No. 10 "Communication equipment".

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

1. 6. Rates are based on the following conditions:

Software and hardware complexes (KPTS) orto complexes of technical means ( TO Vehicles) transferred for adjustment - serial, complete, with loaded system and application software, provided with technical documentation (passports, certificates, etc.), their storage period in the warehouse does not exceed the standard;

Commissioning works are carried out by organizations licensed to carry out these types of work, when performing work at facilities supervised by authorities state supervision additionally licensed and/or approved by these agencies. Employees performing work have qualifications corresponding to the technical complexity of automated systems, have passed the necessary training, attestation or certification, are provided with the necessary equipment, measuring instruments, control and test stands, instrumental software, programmers, calibrators, tools, tools personal protection etc.;

Puscona l hello The work is carried out on the basis of the working documentation approved by the customer, if necessary, taking into account the project for the production of works (P P P), programs and graphics;

By the start of the start-up worksd internal organization, the customer transferred the working project documentation, including parts of the APCS project: software (MS), information software (IS), software (SW), organizational software (OO);

To start-up production l adjective x works are started if the customer has documents on the completion of the installation work provided for by SNi P (acts, protocols, etc.). In the event of forced breaks between installation and adjustment work for reasons beyond the control of the contractor, to start-up palmar m work is started after checking the safety of previously assembled and installation of previously dismantled technical means (in this case, the act of completion of installation work is drawn up anew on the date of commencement of commissioning);

Switching of operating modes of technological equipment is carried out by the customer in accordance with the project, regulations and within the periods provided for by the agreed programs and work schedules;

Detected defects in the installation of software and hardware (PTS) or hardware (TS) are eliminated by the installation organization.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

1. 7. Prices are developed in accordance with the requirements of state standards, in particular, GOST 34. 603- 92"Information technology. Types of testing of automated systems", standards " State system industrial devices and means of automation”, “State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements”, 3-th part of SNiP "Organization, production and acceptance of work", Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE), Intersectoral rules for labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations (POTRM- 016-2001) RD 153-34.0-03.150-00,"Safety Rules for Gas Distribution and Gas Consumption Systems" (PB-12-529-03. O general rules s safe for adults fire hazard x chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries (PB 09-540-03) and other rules and norms of state supervision bodies, technical documentation manufacturers of PTS or TS, duly approved instructions, technical and technological regulations, guiding technical materials and other technical documentation for the installation, commissioning and operation of PTS and TS.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

1. 8. The prices take into account the costs for the production of a set of works of one technological cycle of commissioning for the commissioning of the process control system in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, including the following stages (stages):

1. 8.1.Preparatory work, verification of KTS (KTS) of automated systems:

Study of working and technical documentation, incl. pre-design stage materials ( technical requirements to the system, etc.), performance of other measures of engineering and technical preparation of work, examination of the technological control object, external inspection of equipment and installation work performed on the APCS, determination of the readiness of systems adjacent to the APCS (power supply, etc.), etc. d.

Verification of the compliance of the main technical characteristics of the equipment with the requirements established in the passports and instructions of manufacturers (the results of verification and adjustment are recorded in the act or passport of the equipment, faulty TCP or TS are transferred to the customer for repair and replacement).

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

1. 8. 2. Autonomous adjustment of automated systems after completion of their installation:

Checking the installation of the PTS (TS) for compliance with the requirements of the instructions of manufacturers and working documentation;

Replacement of individual defective elements with serviceable ones issued by the customer;

Checking the correct marking, connection and phasing of electrical wiring;

Phasing and control of the characteristics of actuators (IM);

Setting up the logical and temporal relationships of signaling, protection, blocking and control systems, checking the correctness of the passage of signals;

Checking the functioning of application and system software;

Preliminary determination of the characteristics of the object, calculation and adjustment of the parameters of the equipment of automated systems, configuration of measuring transducers and software logic devices;

Preparation for inclusion and inclusion in the operation of measurement, control and management systems to ensure individual testing of process equipment and adjustment of the settings for the equipment of control systems in the process of their operation;

Preparation of production and technical documentation.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

1. 8. 3. Complex adjustment of automated systems:

Bringing the settingsP TS (TS), communication channels and application software to the values ​​(state) at which automated systems can be used in operation, while carried out in a complex:

Determining the compliance of the procedure for testing devices and elements of signaling, protection and control systems with the algorithms of working documentation, identifying the causes of failure or their “false” operation, setting the necessary values ​​for the operation of positional devices;

Definition of conformity bandwidth lock-regulatorcomfort its fittings to the requirements of the technological process, the correct development of limit and limit switches,position and status sensors;

Determination of the flow characteristics of regulatory bodies (RO) and bringing them to the required rate using the adjustment elements available in the design;

Clarification of the static and dynamic characteristics of the object, adjusting the values ​​of the system settings, taking into account their mutual influence in the process of work;

Preparation for the inclusion in the operation of systems to ensure the comprehensive testing of technological equipment;

Testing and determining the suitability of automated systems to ensure the operation of process equipment with a capacity that meets the standards for the development of design capacities in the initial period;

Analysis of the work of automated systems;

Registration of production documentation, act of acceptance into operation of systems in accordance with the requirements of SNiP;

Entry in one copy circuit diagrams from the set of working documentation of changes agreed with the customer, based on the results of the start-up production d eye work.

1.9. The prices of this Collection do not include the costs of:

Puscona l and daughters e works, prices for which are given in the relevant sections EPp-2001-01 "Electrical devices": on electric machines (motors) of electric drives, switching devices, static converters, power devices, measurements and tests in electrical installations;

Testing of automated systems over24hours of their work during the period of complex testing of technological equipment;

Drawing up a technical report and estimate documentation;

Delivery of measuring instruments to state verification;

Configuring components and screen forms, adjusting and finalizing the design mathematical, information and software, determined on the basis of standards for design work;

Audit of PTS (TS), elimination of their defects (repair) and installation defects, including bringing the insulation of electrical equipment, cable communication lines and parameters of installed fiber-optic and other communication lines to the standards;

Checking the compliance of wiring diagrams with circuit diagrams and making changes to wiring diagrams;

Preparation of principal, assembly, detailed diagrams and drawings;

Partial or complete reassembly of cabinets, panels, consoles;

Coordination of work performed with supervisory authorities;

Carrying out physical and technical and chemical analyzes, supply of exemplary mixtures, etc.;

Drawing up a program of complex testing of technological equipment;

Training of operating personnel;

Development of operational documentation;

Technical (service) maintenance and periodic checks of the KTS (KTS) during the operation period.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

1.10. The prices of this Collection are developed for automated systems (hereinafter referred to as systems) depending on the category of their technical complexity, characterized by the structure and composition of the KTS (KTS),taking into account the complexity factor.

table 1

1.11.Rates designed for systems I, II and III category of technical complexity depending on the number of communication channels for the formation of input and output signals.

Under the communication channel for the formation of input and output signals (hereinafter - the channel) should be understood as a set of technical means and communication lines that provide the transformation, processing and transmission of information for use in the system.

The Collection takes into account the quantity:

Information channels (including channels for measurement, control, notifications x, address, state, etc.);

control channels.

The composition of information channels and control channels, in turn, takes into account the number of channels:

Discrete - contact and non-contact on AC and DC, pulsed from discrete (signaling) measuring transducers, for monitoring the status of various on-offs x devices, as well as for transmitting “on-off” signals, etc.;

Analog, which include (for the purposes of this Collection) all the rest - current, voltage, frequency, mutual inductance, natural or unified signals of measuring transducers (sensors) that change continuously, encoded (pulse or digital) signals for the exchange of information between various digital information processing devices, etc.

In the following, the symbols for the number of channels given in Table 1 are used. .

table 2

2. The procedure for applying unit prices

2.1.The collection price tables show base prices ( R b) for commissioning s e works for systems I, II and III category of technical complexity ( R Ib, R IIb, R IIIb), depending on the total number of information and control channels, analog and discrete(K total) in this system.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

2. 2. For a complex system consisting of subsystems of different categories of technical complexity, the components of the price - the amount of funds for wages (ZP) and the labor cost (H) - is calculated as follows:

at 1< С < 1,313 , where C is the coefficient of complexity, calculated by the formula:

where: - the total number of analog and discrete information and control channels related to subsystems, respectively, I, II, III difficulty categories;

(1.1)

where is the base wage according to Table. 02-01-001 for the system I category of technical complexity (С=1);

The basic rate of labor costs according to table. 02-01-001.

at 1.313< С < 1,566

(2.1)

where is the base wage according to Table. 02-01-002 for the system II category of technical complexity (C=1.313).

where - the basic rate of labor according to table. 02-01-002.

(Changed edition. Change No. 1 )

2. 3. When compiling cost estimates (estimates) for start-up palmar e work to take into account the characteristics of a particular system to the base price ( R b) the following coefficients should be applied:

2. 3. 1 . Coefficient f m i, taking into account two factors: "metrological complexity" and "development» information functions" of the system

Coefficient f m icalculated by the formula:

f m i = 0 , 5 + K a i : K total × M × I, (3)

where M - the coefficient of "metrological complexity", determined by the table. ;

AND - the coefficient of "development of information functions", determined by the table. .

table 3

table 4

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

2. 3. 2. Coefficient Ugh, taking into account the "development of control functions", calculated by the formula:

Ugh= 1+ (1, 31 × K and at+ 0.95 × K y ) : K total × At,(6)

where: At- the coefficient of "development of control functions", is determined by the table.

table 5

2. 4. Estimated price ( R) for a specific system is calculated by applying to the base price established in accordance with paragraph .,coefficients f m i , Ugh, which are multiplied with each other I:

R = R b ×(F m and × F y).(8)

2. 5. When performing start-up la doch s x jobs in more complex working conditions, in comparison with those provided for in the collection, as a result of which labor productivity decreases, the coefficients given in the Instructions for the Application of Federal Unit Prices for Start-Up palm work.

2. 6. When performing repeated commissioning works (before putting the object into operation), it is necessary to apply the coefficient to the prices 0, 537. Re-commissioning should be understood as work caused by the need to change the technological process, the mode of operation of technological equipment, in connection with a partial change in the design or forced replacement of equipment. The need to re-perform work must be confirmed by a reasonable task (letter) from the customer.

2. 7. In the event that the automated process control system is created as part of an automated technological complex (ATC) included in the pilot or experimental construction plan, or in the list of unique or especially important (most important) objects (constructions), or the automated process control system includes experimental or experimental software and hardware (technical) means, a coefficient is applied to the prices 1, 2.

2. 8. In the event that the launch palmar If the work is carried out under the technical supervision of the personnel of the manufacturer or supplier of the equipment, the coefficient should be applied to the prices 0, 8.

2. 9. Specified in paragraphs. ÷ the coefficients are applied to the cost of those stages of work (the corresponding number of information and control channels), which are subject to the above conditions. If multiple coefficients are used, they must be multiplied.

2. 10. Reducing factor for the same type of automated technological complexes (ATK) in accordance with clause 2.5. MDS 81-40.2006 is taken into account by the norms of this Collection, subject to a special calculation procedure, in which the price is initially determined as a whole for several of the same type of ATK in accordance with the project and, if necessary, a price is allocated for one of the same type of ATK.

It is not allowed, when determining estimated prices, artificial, contrary to the project, division of the automated system into separate measurement systems, control (regulation) loops, subsystems.

For example: For a centralized system of operational dispatch control of ventilation and air conditioning, which includes several subsystems of supply and exhaust ventilation, estimated price is determined as a whole for the centralized control system, and the costs for individual subsystems, if necessary, are determined as part of the overall price for the system as a whole, taking into account the number of channels attributable to subsystems.

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

2. 11. If it is necessary to make interim settlements for the performed commissioning works, it is recommended to use the approximate structure of the cost of commissioning works by their main stages (unless the contract provides for other conditions for mutual settlements of the parties), given in Table. .

table 6

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

3. The procedure for preparing initial data for budgeting

3.1.Preparation of initial data for budgeting is carried out on the basis of design and technical documentation for a specific system.

When preparing the initial data, it is recommended to use the "Scheme of an automated technological complex (ATC)» given in the appendix .

Preparation of initial data is carried out in the following sequence:

3.1.1.As part of the ATK, according to the scheme, the following groups of channels are distinguished according to Table. .

table 7

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

3. 1. 2. For each group of channels in Table. the number of information channels (analog and discrete) and control channels (analog and discrete) is counted, as well as e the total number of information and control channels ( TO common) for the system as a whole.

3.1. 3. Based on the table. the category of technical complexity of the system is established and, depending on TO commonaccording to the corresponding price table, the base price is determined (R b), if necessary, a basic price for a complex system is calculated(R sl b)- using formulas ( ) And ( ).

3. 1. 4. To link the base price to a specific system, correction factors are calculated F i mAnd F atin accordance with paragraphs. And , then the estimated price is calculated according to the formula ( ).

DEPARTMENT 01. AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS

Inactive

FERp 81-05-PR-2001

STATE ESTIMATE STANDARDS

FEDERAL UNIT PRICES FOR COMMISSIONING
FERp-2001

IV. Applications

State budget standards. Federal unit prices for commissioning (hereinafter referred to as FERp) are intended to determine the costs of commissioning and draw up, on their basis, estimates (estimates) for the performance of these works.

Approved and included in the federal register of estimated standards to be applied when determining the estimated cost of capital construction projects, the construction of which is financed with the involvement of federal budget funds by Order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated January 30, 2014 N 31 / pr (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated February 7, 2014 N 39 / pr).

Electrical devices

Electrical devices

Annex 1.1. Commissioning structure

Appendix 1.1

Annex 1.2. Terms and definitions used in FERP Part 1

Appendix 1.2

Automated control systems

Annex 2.1. Categories of technical complexity of systems, their characteristics and coefficients (part 2 section 1)

Appendix 2.1

Annex 2.2. Symbols for the number of channels (part 2 department 1)

Appendix 2.2

Appendix 2.3

Annex 2.3. Coefficient of "metrological complexity" of the system (part 2 department 1)

Annex 2.4. Coefficient of "development of information functions" of the system (part 2 department 1)

Appendix 2.4

Annex 2.5. Coefficient of "development of control functions" (part 2 department 1)

Appendix 2.5

Annex 2.6. Structure of commissioning works (part 2 department 1)

Appendix 2.6

Annex 2.7. Channel groups (part 2 department 1)

Appendix 2.7

Annex 2.8. Scheme of an automated technological complex (ATC)

Appendix 2.8

Annex 2.9. AS complexity categories, taking into account the number of AS software functions (part 2 section 2)

Appendix 2.9

Annex 2.10. Coefficients taking into account the number of remote nuclear power plants (part 2 department 2)

Appendix 2.10

Annex 2.11. Coefficients taking into account the specifics of the implementation of the NPP commissioning

Appendix 2.11

________________
* total share coefficient

Annex 2.12. Terms and definitions used in FERP Part 2

Appendix 2.12

Automated systems are now increasingly used in various fields of activity. The possibility of introducing automated control systems for small and large industries is becoming highly relevant.

General concepts of an automated system

An automated system, abbreviated AS, is a system that includes a control object and control systems, some functions in such systems are assigned to human performance. AS is an organizational and technical system that guarantees the development of solutions based on the automation of information processes in various fields of activity (production, management, design, economics).

All functions of automated systems are aimed at achieving a specific goal through certain actions and activities. The fundamental goal of the AS is the most efficient use of the capabilities and functions of the control object.

The following goals are identified:

• Providing relevant data needed to make a decision.
• Faster and better data collection and processing.
• Reducing the number of decisions that the decision maker (DM) is obliged to make.
• Increased control and disciplinary level.
• Operational management.
• Reducing the cost of decision makers for the implementation of processes.
• Clearly informed decisions.

Classification of automated systems

The main distinguished features by which the classification of automated systems is carried out:

• The sphere in which the control object functions: construction, industry, non-industrial sphere, agriculture.
• Type of workflow: organizational, economic, industrial.
• Level in the public administration system.

Categories of automated systems

The classification of structures of automated systems in the industrial sector is divided into the following categories:

decentralized structure. A system with this structure is used to automate independent control objects and is the most effective for these purposes. The system has a complex of systems independent of each other with individual set algorithms and information. Each action performed is carried out exclusively for its control object.

centralized structure. Implements all necessary management processes in unified system, carrying out the collection and structuring of information about the objects of management. Based on the information received, the system draws conclusions and makes an appropriate decision, which is aimed at achieving the original goal.

centralized dispersed structure. The structure functions according to the principles of a centralized method of management. For each control object, control actions are developed based on data on all objects. Some devices may be shared between channels.

The control algorithm is based on a set of general control algorithms implemented using a set of related control objects. During operation, each control receives and processes data, and also transmits control signals to objects. The advantage of the structure is not so strict requirements regarding the performance of processing and control centers, without causing damage to the control process.

Hierarchical structure. In connection with the increase in the number of tasks in the management of complex systems, the algorithms being developed are also becoming much more complicated. As a result, it becomes necessary to create a hierarchical structure. Such a formation significantly reduces the difficulties in managing each object, however, it is required to coordinate the decisions made by them.

Types of automated systems

Depending on the functions performed by AIS, the following types of automated systems are distinguished:

• APCS– enterprise management systems.
• APCS– process control systems.
• APCS- production preparation systems.
• OASU– industry management systems.
• organizational and administrative.
• ASC– product quality control systems.
• GPS- flexible production systems.
• CNC– machine tool control systems with numerical software.
• groups of systems or integrated systems.

Automated information systems

An automated information system is a complex of hardware and software tools necessary for the implementation of data storage and management functions, as well as for computing operations.

The main purpose of AIS is to store data, provide quality search and data transmission depending on the requests to best match user requests.

The most important principles of process automation are distinguished:

1. reliability;
2. payback;
3. flexibility;
4. security;
5. compliance;
6. friendliness.

The classification of automated information systems has the following structure:

1. A system covering one process in an organization.
2. There are several processes going on with the organization.
3. The normal operation of one process in several interconnected organizations at once.
4. A system that organizes the functioning of several processes in several interconnected systems.

Classification by degree of automation

Information systems are also classified according to the degree of automation of operations:

• manual;
• automated;
• automatic.

Manual - they do not have modern facilities for information processing, and all operations are carried out by a person in manual mode.

Automatic - absolutely all information processing operations are carried out using technical means without human intervention.

Automated information systems perform operations both with the help of technical means and with the help of a person, however, the main role is transferred to the computer. IS are classified according to the degree of automation, as well as the scope and nature of the activity.

Levels of automated systems

There are three levels of automated control systems:

Lower level. Equipment. At this level, attention is paid to sensors, measuring and actuating devices. Here, signals are coordinated with the inputs of devices and commands with actuators.

Average level. controller level. Controllers receive data from measuring equipment, and then transmit signals for control commands, depending on the programmed algorithm.

Top level– industrial servers and dispatching stations. This is where production is controlled. To do this, communication with lower levels, collection of information and monitoring of the flow of the technological process are provided. This level interacts with the person. A person here controls the equipment using a human-machine interface: graphic panels, monitors. Control over the system of machines is provided by the SCADA system, which is installed on dispatching computers. This program collects information, archives it and visualizes it. The program independently compares the received data with the specified indicators, and in case of discrepancy, it alerts the human operator about the error. The program records all operations, including the actions of the operator, which are necessary in case of an emergency. This ensures control of the responsibility of the operator.

There are also critical automated systems. These are systems that implement various information processes in critical control systems. Criticality represents a likely danger of violating their stability, and the failure of the system is fraught with significant economic, political or other damage.

What about the critical automated processes? The following control systems are classified as critical: hazardous industries, nuclear industry facilities, space flight control, rail traffic, air traffic control, control in the military and political spheres. Why are they critical? Because the tasks they solve are critical: the use of information with limited access, the use of biological and electronic means information processing, the complexity of technological processes. Consequently, automated information systems become an element of critical control systems and, as a result, they belong to this class.

conclusions

Summing up, we can note the importance of automation of control systems in various fields. To date, the introduction of such systems provides better production management, minimizing human participation in these processes and thereby eliminating errors associated with human factor. The development and development of automated control systems makes it possible to improve many areas: production, economy, energy, transport, and others.

SYSTEM OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING REGULATIONS
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

GESNp 81-04-02-2001

Approved and put into effect on June 15, 2001
Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated June 23, 2001 No. 4

STATE ELEMENTARY
ESTIMATE RATES
FOR COMMISSIONING

GESNp-2001
Collection #2

AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS

State Committee of the Russian Federation
for construction and housing and communal complex
(Gosstroy of Russia)

Moscow 2001

These State Elemental Estimated Standards (GESNp) are intended to determine the need for resources (labor costs of commissioning personnel) when performing commissioning work on the commissioning of automated control systems and are used to draw up cost estimates (estimates) using the resource method. GESNp are the initial standards for the development of unit prices for commissioning of the federal (FER), territorial (TER), industry (OER) levels, individual and consolidated estimated norms (prices) and others normative documents used to determine direct costs in the estimated cost of commissioning. DEVELOPED AOOT "Association Montazhavtomatika" (B.Z. Barlasov, M.I. Logoiko), Federal State Unitary Enterprise Central Research Institute of Economics and Management in Construction (TsNIIEUS) of the Gosstroy of Russia (Ph.D. Zh.G. Chernysheva, L. V. Razmadze) with the participation of the Interregional Center for Pricing in Construction and the Industry of Building Materials (ICCC) of the State Construction Committee of Russia (I.I. Dmitrenko). CONSIDERED Department of Pricing and Estimated Rationing in Construction and Housing and Communal Complex of the Gosstroy of Russia (Editorial Committee: V.A. Stepanov - Head, V.N. Maklakov, T.L. Grishchenkova). INTRODUCED Department of Pricing and Estimated Rationing in Construction and Housing and Communal Complex of Gosstroy of Russia. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED from July 15, 2001 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated July 23, 2001 No. 84.

TECHNICAL PART

1. General Provisions

Table 1

table 2

2.2. The base rate for a complex system, which includes subsystems with different categories of technical complexity, is determined by applying to the corresponding base rate for a system of the I category of technical complexity the complexity factor (C), calculated by the formula:

Where: , , - the total number of analog and discrete channels of information and control related to subsystems, respectively, I, II, III category of technical complexity;

; (1.1)

In this case, the base rate for a complex system is calculated by the formula:

at 1< С < 1,313 Нsl b=H I b×С (2.1.)

at 1.313< С < 1,566 Нsl b= H II b×C: 1.313 (2.2.)

(Changed version. Rev. No. 2) 2.3. When drawing up cost estimates (estimates) for commissioning to take into account the characteristics of a particular system, the following coefficients should be applied to the basic rate of labor intensity (): 2.3.1. Coefficient (), taking into account two factors: "metrological complexity" and "development of information functions" of the system The coefficient is calculated by the formula:

Where - the coefficient of "metrological complexity", determined by the table. 3; - coefficient of "development of information functions", determined by Table 4. (Changed edition, Rev. No. 1)

Table 3

Table 4

2.3.2. Coefficient taking into account the "development of control functions", calculated by the formula:

, (6)

Where: Y - the coefficient of "development of control functions", is determined according to Table 5

Table 5

; (7.1)

; (8)

2.5. When performing commissioning work in more difficult production conditions, in comparison with those provided for in the collection, as a result of which labor productivity decreases, the coefficients of Table 1 should be applied to the estimated labor costs. 1 Guidelines for the application of state elemental standards for commissioning (MDS 81-27.2001). (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1). 2.6. When performing repeated commissioning works (before putting the facility into operation), a coefficient of 0.537 must be applied to the estimated labor costs. Re-commissioning should be understood as work caused by the need to change the technological process, the mode of operation of technological equipment, in connection with a partial change in the design or forced replacement of equipment. The need to re-perform work must be confirmed by a reasonable task (letter) from the customer. 2.7. In the event that the automated process control system is created as part of an automated technological complex (ATC) included in the pilot or experimental construction plan, or in the list of unique or especially important (most important) objects (constructions), or the automated process control system includes experimental or experimental software and hardware (technical) means, a coefficient of 1.2 is applied to the estimated labor costs. 2.8. In the event that commissioning is carried out with the technical guidance of the personnel of the manufacturer or supplier of equipment, a coefficient of 0.8 should be applied to the estimated labor costs. 2.9. Specified in paragraphs. 2.5 - 2.8 coefficients are applied to the estimated cost rates of those stages of work (the corresponding number of information and control channels), which are subject to the above conditions. If multiple coefficients are used, they must be multiplied. 2.10. Reducing factor for the same type of automated technological complexes (ATK) in accordance with clause 2.5. MDS 81-40.2006 is taken into account by the norms of this Collection, subject to a special calculation procedure, in which the estimated cost rate is initially determined as a whole for several similar ATCs in accordance with the project and, if necessary, an estimated labor cost is allocated for one single-type ATC. It is not allowed, when determining the estimated labor costs, artificial, contrary to the project, division of the automated system into separate measurement systems, control (regulation) loops, subsystems. For example. For a centralized system of operational dispatch control of ventilation and air conditioning, which includes several subsystems of supply and exhaust ventilation, the estimated labor cost is determined as a whole for the centralized control system; if necessary, labor costs for individual subsystems are determined within the framework of the general norm of labor costs for the whole system, taking into account the number of channels assigned to subsystems. Change No. 2 ). 2.11. When drawing up estimates, the amount of funds for the remuneration of labor for commissioning personnel is calculated on the basis of estimated labor costs, taking into account the qualification composition of the link (team) of commissioning performers (as a percentage of participation in total labor costs), given in Table. 6.

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

DEPARTMENT 01. AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS

Table GESNp 02-01-001 Automated control systems of the 1st category of technical complexity

Table GESNp 02-01-002 Automated control systems of the II category of technical complexity

Table GESNp 02-01-003 Automated control systems of the III category of technical complexity

Attachment 1

Scheme of an automated technological complex (ATC)

Annex 2

Terms and their definitions used in the Collection