Dowel-nail: structure, varieties and methods of fastening. Annex B (recommended) Mounting dowels GOST valid

There are many types of fasteners. In fact, for a material with varying degrees of porosity and hollowness, it is necessary to use your own type of fastener. Dowel-nail - fasteners designed for fixation in fairly dense solid materials.

About what dowel-nails are, what sizes, what is their price per piece - you will learn all this from this article.

This fastener consists of two parts: actually - with or without thread, and the body, as a rule, plastic. For the dowel, a hole is drilled in the material, in which the spacer body is held by the antennae directed backwards. When driving a nail, the spacer body expands and is firmly fixed by large teeth.

• The nail may look like the most common: it has a cylindrical shape, sharp at the end, with a cap and cut along the length of the body.
• There may also be an additional detail - a restrictive cuff. The washer is placed at the end of the nail and moves towards the head during installation. The cuff prevents the nail from falling into the hole. This option is used to attach to , and . Accordingly, in this case, there is no spacer body, and the rigidity of the attachment ensures the movement of the cuff.

A nail with a cuff is designed to use a special gun. Driving with a direct hammer blow is allowed, but undesirable, since in this case there is a high probability of cracking. An ordinary threaded nail is screwed or driven into a dowel.

The material for the nails is a high-strength steel grade - B, VK, KK 70 grades. Often dowels have anti-corrosion. The body is made of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyamide. There are also metal ones.

An ordinary dowel-nail is not used for fixing in, and other similar materials, since its expansion body is not sufficiently developed and is not fixed in such material. However, its special modifications are able to be fixed even on the plasterboard sheathing.

Dowel-nail with a hidden side (photo)

Product classifications

When choosing a mount, 5 main factors are taken into account:

• load value - on the dowel, on the surface, on the structure;
• the nature of the load - stationary, dynamic;
• type of fixation;
• the nature of the material - stone, concrete, drywall;
• surface construction - wall, ceiling.

Actually, fasteners are available in several types for various methods and materials.

The video below describes the rules for choosing dowels:

By type of installation

The dowel, or rather, the nail, can have a slightly different structure, so you need to work with it with different tools.

• Manual installation- that is, using mechanical tools. Nails for such work are divided into 2 types:
  • without thread - the nail is hammered in, there is no way to unscrew it;
  • threaded nail - driven in or screwed in. Its main advantage is the possibility of dismantling.
• Installation with a construction and assembly gun- the nail has a restrictive cuff, but does without a spacer body. This option provides a much faster installation and is also designed for a higher load.

By surface material

More interesting from the user's point of view, as it allows you to determine which fastener is suitable for which wall or ceiling.

• The most common are nylon dowels with or without thread, with a diameter of 2 to 16 mm. They are used for fastening into standard building stone - brick, concrete, and withstand from 200 to 450 kg of stationary load.
• Dowel for- the material is considered relatively low-porous, so such fastening is quite acceptable. The dowel is held by spiral ribs and wedging when driving a nail.
• frame- have a large length, from 60 to 360 mm. They are produced in 2 types: for solid solid material and for hollow slotted. The expansion part of the dowel is elongated and is designed for the fact that when passing through the slotted base, the dowel will hook several jumpers, which will provide fasteners.
• Distance dowels allow you to fasten the elements - the crate, for example, at some distance from the wall. The distance can vary from 1 to 30 mm. The remote dowel is divided into 2 parts - one for the rail, the second for the material, and are connected with a screw of a special design. In this way, numerous wall irregularities can be compensated for and a perfectly flat surface can be obtained.
• Universal- able to "independently" determine the presence or absence of voids. When fixed in a solid material, the spacer body expands and is tightly fixed, and when it enters voids, it bulges and adheres to the support.
• They behave in the same way metal dowels, that is, with a metal case. They are designed for fastening to thin-walled surfaces, but at the same time they hold a sufficient load. When the screw is screwed in, the metal dowel bulges out and is pressed against a thin support.
• Nail dowel provides quick installation of battens, skirting boards, slats and other things when it is necessary to strengthen a large number of elements. The nail here has a knurling in the form of reverse cones. It is inserted together with the dowel into the drilled hole through the rail and driven in with a hammer. It is not subject to dismantling.
• Products with spring-loaded folding bars- dowel-butterfly, used to fix objects to a hollow surface - to hemmed ceilings, for example, when installing a chandelier. Having passed the hard layer, the dowel opens under the action of the spring, rests against the skin from the inside. As a rule, the model is sold with hooks or threaded studs.
• For fastening in concrete and solid brick structures that have a lot of weight - garage doors, sun awnings, and so on, are used metal dowels with threaded studs or bolts. Fasteners are designed for a very large load - up to several tons.

• Dowels for drywall and porous concrete- both metal and plastic, have a tip in the form of a feathery drill and a large thread on the expansion body. For such dowels, a hole is not drilled, but the entire structure is screwed in with a conventional screwdriver.
• Insulation holder- a special dowel for fixing a heat insulator or hard foam material. Holes for it in and concrete are drilled, but the dowel itself is hammered without a nail.
• A very specific kind injection dowel. A mesh is inserted into the fastener hole, then a dowel is driven in and a quick-hardening compound is injected with a syringe through the protective sleeve. Under its pressure, the anchor mesh inside the material expands, forming an anchor in the form of a ball. When fixing in a slotted brick, it is allowed to use a dowel without a grid.

The length, thickness, weight of the dowel-nails are discussed below.

Weight and dimensions

Products are produced in very different sizes, given how different the purpose can be. The parameters are marked with 2 numbers: the first indicates the diameter, the second - the length in mm.

• Parameters vary from 5*23 to 10*160. The load that the product can withstand must be indicated.
• The weight of the product with different sizes and materials, of course, is different, but since the fastener itself is still small, the mass is indicated not 1, but 1000 nails.

As a sample, the table shows the dimensional data for a dowel-nail with a polypropylene expansion body.

The dimensions and weight of the product for the construction and assembly gun vary to a lesser extent.

Specifications

GOST 28457-90 regulates the technical parameters of the spacer dowel-stud. Based on this document, various specifications are being developed. Moreover, if there is a technological justification, the length, diameter of the nail and its structure change.

However, the basic requirements of GOST regarding dowel-nails must be met.

• from wire rod of class VK or KK grade 70. Products must undergo heat treatment. The hardness of the nail should be between 53-56 HRC. An ordinary dowel may have a lower hardness - 51.5 HRC.
• The bending of the rod is allowed within:
  • 0.1 mm with a length of less than 50 mm;
  • 0.15 mm for lengths over 50 mm.
• The tip of the nail should smoothly pass into the body, there should be no sunsets or cracks on its surface. Bluntness above 0.8 mm is not allowed.
• On the body of the nail, traces of clamping dies are allowed, possibly the versatility of the tip.
• For a corrugated dowel, the width between the ribs is no more than 0.8 mm, and the corrugation depth is up to 0.15 mm.
• The washer is fitted with an interference fit. The washer shear force is 0.3 kN.
• The misalignment of the nail head and the outside diameter of the washer can be no more than 0.4 mm. For ordinary dowels, misalignment up to 0.6 mm is allowed.
• Products are produced with a protective layer of zinc with a thickness of at least 6 microns. A layer is applied by cathodic reduction with passivation.

The remaining characteristics are determined by the TS compiled on the basis of the document. It's time to talk about the installation of dowel-nails.

Mounting Features

Fastening with different dowels and on different materials is somewhat different. What is important here is not so much the nuances of the fixation procedure itself, but the correct choice of fasteners.

This video will tell you about the quick installation of dowel nails:

bricks

Working with is simple and carried out most often:

• in the right place - if it is a brick, then usually its center is drilled a hole. At the beginning of drilling, it is better to reduce the speed, since cracks are likely to form. With a hole depth of 10 mm, you can increase the speed;
• crumbs and dust are blown out of the hole. You can use a vacuum cleaner;
• hammer the dowel with a conventional hammer.

Concrete

Fixing to will require another tool:

• first, the hole is marked with a center punch, and then punched with a puncher to the desired depth;
• the diameter of the drill must match the diameter of the dowel. The length of the hole should exceed the length of the fastener by 5–6 mm;
• dust is removed from the hole, a dowel is driven in with a hammer;
• beaten with a hammer or screwed in a nail.

Drywall

When attaching to drywall, great care will be required:

• a hole of the desired size is made in the material;
• insert the dowel all the way, gently tapping with a hammer;
• screw the nail with a screwdriver or screwdriver.

Ceramic tile

When working with, the fragility of the material is taken into account:

• on the tile mark the place of attachment and with the help of metal make a hole 0.5 mm deep - in fact, they only cut through the enamel;
• then drill through the tile and the material behind it with an impact drill;
• insert the dowel all the way and screw the nail.

We will tell about the prices for dowels for fixing thermal insulation with a plastic or metal nail, as well as other models below.

Cost of materials

The cost of fasteners is more than affordable, even when it comes to very special products.

• The price of an ordinary one ranges from 8 to 35 rubles. per piece depending on the size and expected load. A universal model costs from 31 to 38 rubles, a facade dowel - 35–39 rubles. per piece
• Dowel-nails for insulation - umbrellas, are even cheaper - from 5.30 to 8 rubles. per piece A product with a metal case is estimated at 31–35 r, but sometimes less.

A dowel-nail is a very common type of fastener, valued both for the variety of models and for the ease of fastening. Fasteners are designed for widespread use in construction and repair work.

Even more useful information about the installation of dowel-nails is contained in this video:

Taiwan Metiz Alliance

Encyclopedia of fastening standards

Dowel- this is a fastener that is used to fasten any parts to solid substrates such as concrete, brick, stone. The principle of fixing the dowel is the expansion during installation with a screw or screw, which causes a holding force of friction. The dowel is a lighter type of anchor and is designed for smaller loads. The dowel is made more often of plastic (nylon, polyethylene). Currently, dowels are the most popular fasteners in the world for the installation of lightweight structures, both in domestic and construction work.

DOUBLES, PLUGS

Comparison table DIN, GOST and ISO

CLASSIFICATION OF DOUBLES

	Metal dowel for aerated concrete KBTM for screws and screws with diameters from M6 to M10, dowel length from 50 to 70 mm.
	Self-tapping dowel KBT Sormat for foam concrete, aerated concrete with external and internal threads. The diameter of screws and screws is from M4 to M10, the length of the dowel is from 50 to 70 mm..
	Dowel-nail plastic LIT Sormat with colored threaded nail (yellow, brown, white, black, grey), with cross slot, diameter 5 mm, length 35 and 45 mm.
	Dowel-nail 6x40 LYT Sormat for light loads in concrete, brick and natural stone in dry rooms; dimensions 6x40, 5x30 mm.
	Dowel-nail LYT LK SP Sormat for light loads in concrete, brick and natural stone in dry rooms; diameter 5, 6, 8 mm, length from 30 to 100 mm.
	Dowel nail LYT LK RST Sormat for light loads in concrete, brick and natural stone in dry and wet rooms, diameter 5, 6, 8 mm, length from 30 to 80 mm.
	Dowel nail LYT UK KP Sormat for light loads in concrete, brick and natural stone in dry rooms; sizes from 5x30 to 8x160 mm.
	Expansion dowel NAT Sormat is used for mounting and fixing materials with light loads in concrete, stone, brick.
	Long nylon dowel NAT 8 L is used in porous materials such as foam concrete, aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete and hollow bricks.
	Dowel NAT 10 L nylon elongated is used in porous and fragile materials, such as foam concrete, aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete.
	Facade dowel (anchor) with a screw S-UF Sormat for installation in concrete, brick, hollow brick, aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete in dry rooms.
	Exterior dowel 10x100 with screw with hexagon head S-UF A2 Sormat. Approved for concrete, hollow and solid bricks. Installation in dry, damp rooms and outdoors in rural areas.
	Facade dowel with hexagon head screw S-UF MG Sormat. Approved for concrete, hollow and solid bricks. Installation in dry, damp rooms and outdoors in rural areas.
	Dowel 8 mm universal facade with screw S-UP 8 Sormat is used for installation and through installation in dry rooms in hollow and solid materials.
	Expansion frame dowel with S-UP Sormat screw. Approved for concrete, hollow and solid bricks. Installation in dry rooms.
	Expansion frame dowel with screw S-UP MG Sormat. Approved for concrete, hollow and solid bricks. Installation in dry, damp rooms and outdoors in rural areas.
	Dowel universal plastic YLT Sormat can be used in both sheet and solid and hollow materials.
	Plastic expansion dowel Gripper Sormat can be installed in any sheet, solid and hollow materials in dry, wet rooms and outdoors.
	Dowel "Butterfly" OLA Sormat for drywall and sheets with a thickness of 12 mm. Dowel diameter 10 mm, screw 4x60 mm.
	Plasterboard dowel plastic, nylon KLA Sormat (DRIVA) for attaching light objects to drywall.
	Dowel DRIVA KLA M Sormat, metal, for fastening to high-strength drywall, MDF or chipboard, maximum thickness of the attached material 12/27 mm.

B.1 Fasteners are designed for rigid fixation of window blocks to wall openings and for transferring wind and other operational loads to wall structures.

B.2 For fastening window frames to wall openings, depending on the wall structure and the strength of wall materials, various universal and special fasteners (parts and systems) are used, Figure B.1:

• spacer frame (anchor) dowels metal or plastic, complete with screws. The screws may have a countersunk or cylindrical head;
• universal plastic dowels with locking screws;
• construction screws;
• flexible anchor plates.

Figure B.1. Examples of fasteners:

A - metal frame dowel; b - plastic frame dowel; c - universal plastic dowel with a locking screw; g - construction screws; d - flexible anchor plate

Screws, screws and plates are made of stainless steel or steel with an anti-corrosion zinc chromated coating with a thickness of at least 9 microns.

Fastening window frames and anchor plates to wall openings with nails is not allowed. If it is necessary to fasten the window block to walls made of low strength materials, it is allowed to use special polymer anchor systems.

B.3 Spacer metal frame anchor dowels are used to provide resistance to high shear forces when fastening window blocks to walls made of concrete, solid brick and with vertical voids, expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete, natural stone and other similar materials.

Expandable plastic frame dowels are used in aggressive environments in order to prevent contact corrosion, as well as for the purpose of thermal insulation of the connected elements.

The length of the dowels is determined by calculation, depending on the operating loads, the size of the window block frame profile, the width of the mounting gap and the wall material (the depth of the dowel embedding in the wall must be at least 40 mm, depending on the strength of the wall material). The diameter of the dowel is determined by calculation depending on the operational loads; in general, it is recommended to use dowels with a diameter of at least 8 mm. The material of the dowel is structural polyamide according to ND. For the manufacture of screws and screws, steels with a tensile strength of at least 500 N / mm 2 are used.

B.4 The bearing capacity of frame dowels (permissible pull-out loads) is taken according to the manufacturer's technical documentation. Reference values ​​​​of the bearing capacity (permissible pull-out and shear loads) of frame expansion dowels with a diameter of 10 mm are given in Table B.1.

B.5 Plastic dowels with locking screws are used for fastening window blocks to walls made of bricks with vertical voids, hollow blocks, lightweight concrete, wood and other building materials with low compressive strength. The length and diameter of plastic dowels with locking screws are taken similarly to B.3. For fastening window blocks to mounting wooden embedded elements and draft boxes, it is allowed to use construction screws.

B.6 Flexible anchor plates are used for fastening window blocks to multilayer walls with effective insulation. Mounting on flexible anchor plates is also allowed when installing window blocks in other wall structures. Anchor plates are made of galvanized sheet steel with a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm. The bending angle of the plate is selected locally and depends on the size of the mounting gap. The plates are attached to the window blocks before they are installed in the openings using construction screws with a diameter of at least 5 mm and a length of at least 40 mm. Flexible anchor plates are fixed to the inner layer of a multilayer wall with plastic dowels with locking screws (at least 2 attachment points for each plate) with a diameter of at least 6 mm and a length of at least 50 mm.

B.7 It is allowed to use other fasteners and systems, the design and conditions of use of which are specified in the technical documentation.

B.8 To seal the dowels in the wall opening, holes are drilled. The drilling mode is selected depending on the strength of the wall material. There are the following drilling modes:

• clean drilling mode (without impact) is recommended when preparing holes in hollow bricks, lightweight concrete blocks, polymer concrete;
• drilling mode with light impacts is recommended when drilling holes in solid bricks;
• perforation mode is recommended for concrete walls with a density of more than 700 kg/m of natural stone structures.

B.9 The drilling depth of the holes should be more than the anchored part of the dowel by at least one screw diameter. To ensure the calculated traction force, the diameter of the hole to be drilled should not exceed the diameter of the dowel itself, while the hole must be cleaned from drilling waste. The distance from the edge of the building structure when installing dowels should not be less than twice the anchoring depth.

B.10 The location and configuration of fasteners should not lead to the formation of thermal bridges that reduce the thermal parameters of the assembly joint.

Options for fastening window blocks to walls are shown in Figure B.2. Recommended minimum penetrations (driving depth) of building screws and dowel fit are given in Table B.2.

Figure B.2. Schemes for fastening window blocks to the side slopes of openings:


a - fastening with spacer equal dowels; b - fastening with construction screws; c - fastening with flexible anchor plates

B.11 The heads of dowels and locking screws should be buried in the inner fold of the box profile, the mounting holes should be closed with decorative caps (plugs)

10 kop. BZ 2-90/84

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

GOST 28456-90

Official edition

USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE Mfskva

UDC 621.886:621.757.02:006.354 Group G31

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

EXPANSION DOWELS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY

General specifications

Expansion dowels for building. General specifications

Date of introductions 01.01.9!

This standard applies to construction and installation expansion metal dowels (hereinafter referred to as dowels) of types of climatic modifications U3.1, UZ and UHLZ in accordance with GOST 15150, intended for fastening structures and equipment.

1. MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS

1.1. Dowels are divided into dowels-sleeves and dowels-studs.

1.2. Construction, dimensions and symbolic designation of dowels-sleeves - according to GOST 27320, dowels-studs - according to GOST 28457.

1.3. The main thread dimensions are according to GOST 24705, the pitch is large but GOST 8724, the run is normal according to GOST "27148.

1.4. External thread tolerance fields - 6g according to GOST 16093, internal - 6H according to GOST 16093. In the course of a feasibility study, other tolerance fields are allowed in accordance with GOST 16093, provided that a clearance is provided during make-up.

1.5. Limit deviations of dowel dimensions - according to GOST 25347.

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Dowels must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

2.2. Requirements for materials and components

2.2.1. Details of dowels of the type of climatic modification UZ. 1 in accordance with GOST 15150 must be made of steels used for bolts of strength class 4.6 and higher in accordance with GOST 1759.4.

Official publication Reprint prohibited

Standards Publishing, 1990

Rented in emb. Tyr. 25909

Editor V. P. Ogurtsov Technical editor M. I. Maksimova Proofreader V. S. Chernaya

03/27/90 Signed. in the oven 18.Q5.90 #,75 st. p. l. 0.75 arb. kr.-ott. 0.50 ac.-nzd. l.

Order of the Badge of Honor * Standards Publishing House, 123557, Moscow, GSP, Noaopresnensky per., 3 Type. Moscow printer. Moscow, Lyalin per., 6. Zak. 1780

2.2.2. Details of dowels of types of climatic modification UZ and UHL in accordance with GOST 15150 must be made of steels in accordance with GOST 24379.0.

2.2.3. Dowel parts, which are subject to special requirements for corrosion resistance and heat resistance, must be made of steels in accordance with GOST 1759.0.

2.2.4. Details of dowels must have a zinc coating according to I OST 9.301 and GOST 9.303. During a feasibility study, other types of metal anti-corrosion coatings are allowed in accordance with GOST 9.303.

2.2.5. The delivery set of dowels-sleeves should include parts in accordance with GOST 27320 in equal quantities.

2.2.6. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, the delivery set of dowels-sleeves additionally includes bolts according to GOST 7798 with washers according to GOST 6958 or studs according to GOST 22040 with nuts gu_ GOST 5915 and washers according to GOST 6958 in equal quantities with dowels-sleeves.

2.2.7. Stud dowels must be delivered to the consumer assembled in accordance with GOST 28457. Disassembly and replacement of dowel-stud parts before installation in consumer conditions is not allowed.

2.2.8. For dowels-studs, nuts should be used according to GOST 5915, enlarged washers according to GOST 6958, spring washers according to GOST 6402.

2.2.9. For the manufacture of dowel parts, blanks should be used according to GOST 2590 and GOST 7417,

2.3. Marking

2.3. D Marking of dowels should contain:

manufacturer's trademark;

symbolic designation of the product;

designation of the regulatory document, the requirements of which the product complies with;

nominal thread diameter and climatic version;

date of manufacture.

2.3.2. Dowels should be marked on a tag attached to the outside of the package.

2.3.3. Marking should be done in a way that ensures the clarity and safety of the inscriptions during transportation and storage of dowels.

2.4. Package

2.4.1. For packing dowels, containers should be used - plank non-separable boxes according to GOST 2991.

2.4.2. Shipment of dowels in universal containers in accordance with GOST 18477 is allowed, provided that the dowels are safe during transportation.

GOST 28456-90 S. 3

2.4.3. Dowels of the same size must be placed in each package.

2.4.4. A label in accordance with GOST 2.601 must be enclosed in each package or container.

3. ACCEPTANCE

3.1. Acceptance and periodic tests should be carried out to check the compliance of the dowels with the requirements of this standard.

3.2. During acceptance tests, it is necessary to check the certificates for the materials of the dowel parts according to paragraphs. 2.2.1-2.2.3, 2.2.9; availability of coverage according to clause 2.2.4; correct assembly of dowels according to clause 2.2.J; completeness according to paragraphs. 2.2.5, 2.2.6; marking and packaging according to paragraphs. 2.3.1-2.4.4; as well as the compliance of the component bolts, studs, nuts and washers with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.2.6, 2.2.8.

Acceptance tests should be subjected to a sample of at least 10% of the volume of each batch of dowels] "!, but not less than 10 pcs.

3.4. If negative results are obtained, double the number of dowels should be retested.

3.5. The results of the repeated tests should be considered final.

If the results of repeated tests are negative, the batch of dowels should be rejected.

3.6. A sample of at least 10 pieces should be subjected to periodic tests. dowels of each size from the passed acceptance tests.

3.6.1. The frequency of tests should be established by the manufacturer, but at least once a year.

3.7. During periodic tests, the main dimensions of the dowels should be checked according to clause 1.2; the main dimensions of the thread of the dowels, the pitch and the run of the thread according to clause 1.3; deviations in thread sizes according to clause 1.4; deviations in the dimensions of the dowels according to clause 1.5; coating quality according to clause 2.2.4.

3.8. The results of periodic tests should be considered negative if at least one of the dowel indicators according to clause 3.7 does not meet the requirements of this standard.

3.8.1. Upon receipt of negative results of periodic tests, repeated tests of a double number of dowels should be carried out.

3.8.2. It is allowed to conduct repeated tests for indicators for which negative results are obtained.

3.8.3. The results of the repeated tests should be considered final.

4. CONTROL METHODS

4.1. Availability of coverage (clause 2.2.4); correct assembly of dowels (clause 2.2.7); completeness (clauses 2.2.5, 2.2.6), as well as marking and packaging, are checked visually.

4.2. To measure the main dimensions of the dowels according to clause 1.2, the deviations in the dimensions of the dowels according to clause 1.5, as well as the thread runoff of the dowels according to clause 1.3, calipers should be used according to GOST 166,

4.3. The main dimensions of the thread of the dowels (clause 1.3), the deviation of the thread sizes (clause 1.4) are checked using gauges for threads in accordance with GOST 24939.

4.4. The thread pitch (clause 1.3) is checked using threaded templates according to GOST 519.

4.5. The quality of the coating (clause 2.2.4) is checked in accordance with GOST 9.302,.

5. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

5.1. Packed dowels should be transported in covered vehicles.

5.2. The conditions for transportation and storage of packed dowels in terms of the impact of climatic factors of the external environment must comply with conditions 2 in accordance with GOST 15150.

6. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

6.1. Dowels should be used for fastening structures and equipment to load-bearing building elements made of heavy concrete according to GOST 25192, compressive strength classes B12.5 and higher "according to SNiP 2.03.01 in accordance with the design and technological documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

6.2. Dowels-sleeves should be used in accordance with the instructions of this standard and appendices 1 and 2 of GOST 27320,.

6.3. Installation of dowels-studs and fixing of the supporting part; -whether equipment or structure should be carried out in the sequence shown in the drawing.

6.4. The nominal dimensions of the holes for installing dowels-studs must correspond to the diameter and height of the anchor part of the dowel-stud specified in GOST 28457, the maximum deviations are in table. 1 of this standard.

6.5. The distance from the axis of the holes for installing dowels-studs to the nearest edge of the supporting building element and between the axes of adjacent holes must be at least 8 diameters "of the thread.

6.6. Drilling holes in the seams between load-bearing building elements is not allowed.

§.7. The ingress of water, oils and other materials into the drilled hole is not allowed.

GOST 28456-90 S. 5~

6.8. Holes should be blown out with compressed air.

6.9. Driving dowels-studs into the prepared holes should be carried out by hitting the end of the protruding threaded end of the stud until the washer is in full contact with the surface of the supporting building element.

6.10. Before driving, the dowels-studs must be cleaned of preservative grease and checked for correct assembly.

Stud dowels should be cleaned with solvents.

6.11. Dowels-studs should be wedged by initial tightening of the nuts to the torque values ​​M p given in Table. 2.

6.12. Before installing the equipment or structure, remove the nuts, flat washers and spring washers from the protruding threaded ends of the dowel-studs.

6.13. The mutual arrangement of flat and spring washers when fixing the equipment or structure installed in the design position must correspond to that indicated on the drawing.

6.14. Fastening of the equipment or structure should be carried out by final tightening of the nuts to the torque value in accordance with the design and technological documentation, but not more than those indicated in Table. 2 values ​​M i.

6.15. Limit deviations of the actual values ​​of torques during wedging and final tightening should be no more than 10% of the nominal values.

6.16. Torque values ​​for opening and final tightening should be checked using torque wrenches.

6.17. During operation, dowels-studs must perceive axial (tensile) loads that do not exceed the calculated values.

6.18. The choice of the standard size of the dowel should be carried out when designing the fasteners on the basis of a calculation that takes into account the conditions of strength and the absence of shear (movement) of the supporting part in relation to the supporting building element.

7. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY

The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of the dowels with the requirements* of this standard, subject to the conditions of operation, storage and transportation.

6 GOST 28456-90

SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS FOR INSTALLING THE DOwel-STUD

holes

Hole purge

clenched

(initial

Table 1

Limit deviations of hole sizes for installing dowels-studs

GOST 28456-90 S. 7