Equipment for cattle complexes. Necessary equipment for barns

Igor Nikolaev

Reading time: 3 minutes

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In order for cows to increase their productivity, they need good care. For animals, cowsheds are being built, which should provide comfortable conditions. They maintain a certain air temperature, equipped with lighting, a system of feeding, watering, and cleaning the premises. What are the requirements for the construction and maintenance of cattle?

Cowsheds are built for animals according to certain standards. They are enshrined in special provisions in the legislation. Several rooms are equipped on farms: a stall room, a milking room, a birth room, a calf barn, a medical compartment, an economic compartment, a milk refrigerator.

In the main room, the cows are in stalls, separate boxes. Here the animals are fed and watered. They rest in the stalls. The size of the box is prescribed for each breed of cows individually, because the size of the animals is different. On average, the length of the stall should not be less than 190 cm, width - 115 cm. Bulls are larger than cows, so the boxes for them are more spacious: length - 225 cm, width - 160 cm. cm.

For calves, the dimensions of the stall are smaller: length - 150 cm, width - 120 cm. In such boxes, calves are kept at the age of 15 days to 2 months. Immediately after birth, for 2 weeks they are placed in cages 120 * 100 cm. Upon reaching 2 months of age, they are transferred to spacious boxes 150 * 200 cm.

The floors are made warm from boards, concrete, asphalt or gratings. They are covered with rubberized mats, on which a litter of clean sawdust and straw is laid. If the floor is cold, then its surface will absorb the heat of the animals. Cows will be uncomfortable, their productivity will drop.

If a barn is built for animals with more than 50 heads, then it is advisable to automate the process of feeding and watering. Equipment for the barn will reduce labor costs. Devices should not interfere with the cow, move in the stall. The distance from the feeder to the limbs of the animal should be at least 10 cm. Drinking bowls are placed at the same level or slightly above the feeder. When equipping a water supply system, the power is calculated based on 20 liters per 1 cow.

In the barn, a cleaning system must be provided. If the farm is large, then the process is automated: special cleaning equipment for cowsheds is installed. For this, a self-propelled or delta-scraper system is used. The floor in the stall is at a slight slope. All the slurry flows into pipes, which are also placed at a slight angle. The pipes carry the manure to the sump.

The delta scraper system consists of a large aisle-wide scraper. He moves around the barn and scrapes off all the dirt. Additionally, the stalls are washed under strong water pressure to remove any remaining dirt. In winter, a special bacterial bedding is used. It absorbs slurry and processes manure with the help of bacteria.

For the full development of animals, it is necessary to establish lighting. Light intensity should not exceed 200 lux. Recommend to install LED lamp. They are economical and will not dazzle the eyes of cows. Wiring must be carefully insulated to avoid fire hazards.

The barn should be free of flies and musty ammonia smells. The allowable amount of ammonia in the air is 0.01%. The indicator is measured by the device "weather station for cowsheds". Optimum humidity - up to 70%.

The premises are provided with a ventilation system: supply and exhaust or forced. Farmers tend to supply and exhaust: it is cheaper. Experts recommend a forced type of ventilation: it can be adjusted.

For a livestock of more than 30 cows use automatic system milking. For more Cattle equip milking parlors. Here it is necessary to provide a compartment for washing animals, and for disinfecting the udder.

Floor equipment

The stall will always be clean if the floor is slotted. These are concrete structures that are equipped with slurry removal pumps. From above, the surface is flat, with a clearance width of 3.6 cm. This optimal size cracks. The cow's hooves will not get stuck in it. All dirt will drain under the cover. From the gap there is an exit to the manure tank. The scheme of the floors is triangular, top down. This barn flooring does not require bedding.

If the floor is made of boards or monolithic concrete, then it is necessary to cover it with bedding. It is made from durable and wear-resistant material: rubber and polyurethane. In the manufacture, all sanitary and hygienic standards are observed. The litter will reduce the slip of the floor, reduce the injuries of animals. Along with rubber bedding, polymer-sand flooring is used. These are mats with a size of 340*340*35.cm. They are placed in boxes. This is a good thermal insulator. Sawdust is placed on the bedding to make the animal more comfortable to rest.

To make the introduction of sawdust into animal boxes and disinfectant mixtures, such as slaked lime, not take much time and effort, special equipment is used. With its help, they scatter the material into the stalls. The equipment is mounted on a tractor or a mobile device is used. The dispenser is battery powered. It lasts for 2 hours.

Drinkers for cows

For good productivity, a cow needs not only a balanced diet, but also compliance with the drinking regimen. Drinkers should be automatic so that the animals themselves can drink water. Containers must be constantly washed so that dirt does not accumulate in them and pathogenic bacteria do not develop. The following types of drinkers are installed in the barn:

• "Big Spring" - volume 500 l; used for collective watering of animals; the drinker is made of durable polyethylene; the edges are rubberized, the bottom is inclined to make it convenient to wash;
• drinking bowl "Laksho" is a bowl with frost protection; serves up to 15 goals at the same time; a 50 V transformer is built into it; provides a constant level of warm water; the equipment is recommended for watering calves;
• tilting drinkers - have a float device that ensures constant filling of the container; used for collective drinking; the cleanliness of the container is maintained; It is recommended to install when the cows leave the milking parlour.

In order for a cow to produce 1 liter of milk, she needs to drink 5 liters of water. IN summer period Animals require up to 70 liters of water daily. In winter - 50 liters.

stall equipment

For the stall keeping of cattle, equipment is needed. It consists of stall sections, gratings, fodder tables and gates. Each animal will have its own fenced area. The grate separates a certain area on the feed table. The gate is used to prevent the cows from leaving the stalls.

All components are made of round pipes so that the animals do not get hurt on the sharp corners of the bars. Pipes are treated with anti-corrosion coating. They are easy to wash and last a long time. The stalls meet all hygienic requirements. The equipment is offered by Russian companies:

• LLC "Firma Remtekhmash";
• LLC "Rostmolzapchast";
• LLC "Plant TechTank"

Why breed cattle? Primarily for profit. There are only two ways to make a profit from cattle: by selling or processing milk and by raising beef cows.

The quantity and quality of milk directly depends on the conditions of keeping animals on the farm. Beef cows, bulls, the rate of weight gain and muscle building they also directly depends on the conditions of detention, as well as the quantity and quality of feed.

The task of each owner is to equip the barn in such a way as to create the most comfortable conditions for animals, reduce stress and achieve maximum efficiency. Novice farmers and not only often wonder what kind of stall equipment to buy for cattle?

The choice of stall equipment and the price for it depends on many factors. Let's try to make an algorithm for choosing stall equipment for a barn.

Stall

We determine the type of livestock keeping: on a leash or without a leash. It depends on what size the stall will be. If the cows are on a leash, then the stall space should be spacious, if the stall is only for rest, then already. Stalls are constructed from specially prepared metal profiles. Installation of stall places is carried out by companies specializing in this.

We pay special attention to the floor

This should be either a wooden floor with a slope, or a bed of straw thick enough so that the animal does not catch a cold, or a special mat. You can buy bedding mats "Care" on our website. Thanks to this barn accessory, you can save bedding material, keep animals clean, do not worry about cow colds, and the frequency of hoof injuries will decrease several times due to the shock-absorbing properties of the bedding mat.

Drinking equipment

Providing a cowshed with drinkers that allow cows to drink plenty of water allows you to increase milk yield by 15-20%.

It is important that in winter the water is not very cold, and the drinkers do not freeze. You can also buy drinkers for cows and calves on the RusskayaFerma.ru website.

feeders

Feeders for animals should be capacious. Production material - brick or wood. It is important that the cow easily reaches the feed and there is a cutout for the head. This will allow the animal not to look around, and also eliminate conflicts with fellow tribesmen.

Conveyor (Scraper equipment)

When buying stall equipment, it is important to look not only at the price, but also at the quality and functionality of the conveyor that removes the waste products of cows. It is very important that it is correctly installed, does not jam and performs main function- collection of manure outside the barn.

Optional equipment

In addition to the basic equipment for cattle, you should also take care of comfort. By eliminating sources of stress, you take care of your pets and increase milk production:

• Traps for insects;
• Ventilation;
• Heating.

All this contributes to the comfort of the cows in the stall. You can find out the price of stall equipment on the website in the corresponding section of the catalog -

Now it is on the rise. Entrepreneurs see a good profit on breeding animals. Especially actively develops the direction of raising cows. This cattle can be bred for different lines of business, for example, to breed dairy cows or just young animals for further sales.

Whatever direction you choose, you need special equipment for cows. Modern farms must meet all sanitary and environmental standards.

stall equipment

Gone are the days when cattle could be kept in old barns. To start breeding animals, equip the farm according to all modern requirements.

Choose the option of keeping livestock without tying. But in this case, buy a stall. They are an integral part of all European farms.

The equipment consists of:

• universal fasteners;
• separators (attached without welding);
• structures that enclose the feed table, sections (prevent possible skirmishes between animals).

The shape and dimensions of the equipment design provide comfortable conditions for cows: they allow you to move, lie down, and also keep the animal in the necessary hygienic and microclimatic conditions, there is always a dry and clean surface under the udder. Conditions for proper care of animals are provided.

The cost of the stall is calculated individually for the barn.

Rubber mats

Features of mat or livestock slab:

• corrugated, non-slippery top layer;
• base hardness;
• material strength;
• abrasion resistance;
• water resistance;
• thermal conductivity;
• electrical resistance;
• disinfectant properties.

Check out the company's products: flexible mats, hygienic, easy to clean, made with resistant shock-absorbing rubber:

Calf houses

Placed on the street, which has a positive effect on the health of young animals:

• immediately adapt to the natural temperature;
• get enough sunlight, and therefore vitamin D;
• breathe clean air (the level of ammonia is increased in barns).

The house allows the calf to be both outdoors and indoors (length is about 2 m). Material - plastic, protects from ultraviolet rays. In addition, animals are isolated from each other, which prevents the transmission of diseases.

The equipment is intended for fixation of animals weighing from 600 kg for veterinary procedures:

• hoof trimming;
• insemination;
• gynecological examination, etc.

What do you need for manure removal?

This equipment is used for keeping cows in loose way. Cleaning takes place from open manure passages, including ends. The installation has a cable or hydraulic drive. Simple assembly of the fixture with connecting links allows you to further adjust the length of the chain.

Installation Features:

• automatic control mode;
• animal safety;
• does not interfere with the movement of animals;
• cleaning reduces the level of ammonia in the air;
• improving conditions of detention;
• cleaning frequency is set (best every 2 to 3 hours);
• failure signaling.

With the help of equipment, manure is moved through the entire complex to the manure storage.

Animal feeding

Depending on the method of keeping, the equipment for watering cows can be individual or group.

Separate water supply for each animal. Use the drinkers of the French company LA BUVETTE, they are made of cast iron with enamel coating:

Group drinkers

Proper water supply is the key to a healthy animal. A cow drinks about 70 liters per day, a high-yielding cow drinks up to 130 liters. In the hot season, water consumption increases up to 10 times, during measured temperatures - 5-6 times. In cold weather, cows drink very little.

Feed table guard

This equipment is of 3 types:

• the stall and the table are separated by fodder grates, which act as a self-locking mechanism: the grate securely fixes the head of the cattle and allows you to produce veterinary procedures; the device can fix the head or the whole body of the animal. Reduces feed loss;
• a bar, adjustable in height, acts as a limiter and is located above the withers of the animal: it is made of a metal pipe, the brackets fix the limiter at the desired height, adjusting to the size of the cow; prevents chafing of the withers;
• fencing with diagonal bars: made of metal pipes; has diagonal cells into which the head is inserted, the cells are also adjustable for each cow.

Feed mixers

Choose models of this equipment from high-quality wear-resistant steel. It is also good if there are sensors for measuring weight. The machine is controlled from the tractor cab.

Milking machines or milk lines

You will need milking equipment for cows if you are raising livestock for milk. Used in stalls. Produces machine collection and primary processing milk. Installations are popular in Russia