That the Internet did not appear. History of the Internet

Good afternoon friends. Now most of the houses in our country have computers. We are so used to them that they become an integral part of the house. Many people without the Internet do not see the meaning of their existence.

People are already accustomed to, if something is unknown, you need to look on the Internet. How to make a veranda - Look it up on the internet. What will the weather be like soon? Also, the internet will tell you easily.

When did the Internet appear, and in what year? Most users will find it difficult to answer about this, despite the fact that it has become so firmly established in our lives. But, let's then, let's try to deal with this issue?

So, what is the Internet, or global network? I would call it a community of computers connected to each other through special cables or using wave connections. Computers can range from small in size, like Pocket PCs, to huge in size, with a whole lot of knowledge, processing quite a lot of information.

The history of the Internet is quite interesting. But what is she? When did the world wide web appear? The story begins global network with the first computer. I already wrote an article - ? But, about the first appearance of the Internet, I have not yet mentioned.

When did the Internet appear

The prerequisites for the emergence of the worldwide network originate in the 50s of the last century. It can be said that the Internet began to emerge along with the beginning cold war. In the 1950s, the USSR, in opposition to the United States, began to create its own intercontinental missiles.

These missiles could deliver a nuclear charge to the territory of America. This made the Americans very worried. They began to think about lightning-fast data transmission devices if a war broke out.

At that time, the ARPA agency was responsible for creating new technologies for the US Army. It also gave the idea to the US government to use networked computers for this. The nodes of this network were located in special rooms that would not fail if one or more of them were destroyed. Of course, all this was controlled by the Pentagon.

4 companies were commissioned to create such a network: - The University of Utah, the University of Los Angeles, the California and Stanford Research Center.

The American Department of Defense followed these studies and also dealt with their finances. The basis for the emergence of the Internet was the technology that was created by US engineer Leonard Clayton in 1961.

Its essence is that information flows were divided into packets (sequence) through a special network, and their chain can be transmitted through the network. At the same time, there are alternate routes between the 2 nodes. If one refuses, the information will go to another.

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What year did the Internet appear

Tests have begun. One of the first passed on October 29, 1969. Two PCs located 640 km apart were connected to each other. Moreover, the first computer was at Stanford University, and the second, at California. Communication cables were rented from the telephone company.

creators of the ARPANET

The connection speed was 56 Kbps. The essence of the experiment: - one of the employees of Charlie Kline from Los Angeles sent the word LOGIN. Another, Bill Duvall of Stanford, was supposed to see it on his screen and report it on the phone.

At nine in the evening they made their first attempt, but Charlie Kline managed to send only 3 LOG characters. Half past eleven, the experiment was repeated once more. And he succeeded! Bill Duval saw the word LOGIN perfectly.

To the question - when the Internet appeared, you can answer 10/29/69! It's like his birthday! This network was called ARPANET. By the end of 1969, all these universities were combined into one network.

Hence, in connection with the development of the packet switching network, a fast and high-quality digital communication was created, based not on telephone lines. ARPANET was not only the ancestor of codes and files for the military, but also became something of a springboard for other networks.

But the history of the global network continued, and in 1971 a certain Ray Tomlinson created e-mail and wrote a program through which people could write letters to each other on the Internet. Tomlinson also created the @ (dog) icon. This sign is still part of any email address.

Interesting fact! @ sign in different countries it is called differently - the Greeks call it a little duck, the Germans - a hanging monkey, the Danes - an appendage of an Elephant, and so on.

The first international connection took place in 1972. Computers from Norway and Great Britain were connected. In the same year, a satellite connection was launched with a university in Hawaii. The number of hosts in 1977 became 100.

Internet protocol TCP/IP

The next major event happened in 1983. In this year, ARPANET changed the transmission of information from NCP to TCP / IP. This protocol transmission and reception of information is still used today.

TCP - deals with the transformation of messages into a stream of information on the side that transmits data. Then he also collects packets back into messages, only on the side that receives.

IP - deals with the management of packet addresses. IP sends them in the right directions between various nodes of the global network and allows the association of various networks.

When the IP (Internet Protocol) protocol appeared, the name internet acquired the worldwide status of the concept of a huge association of many computers for inter-network communication.

Since the mid-eighties, the NSFNET network began to be created, which united a huge number of PCs located at different universities in America. Along with this, other networks began to be created, such as CSNET, BITNET and so on. Around the mid-nineties, the ARPANET network was eliminated, while the servers of this network were connected to other networks.

When did the Internet appear in Russia

In the Russian Federation, the Kurchatov Institute (Institute of Atomic Energy) was the first of the institutes to be connected to the global network in the early eighties. Also, in the nineties, a UNIX network was created - RELCOM. This network was connected DEMOS and IAE.

DEMOS was created at the end of the winter of 1989 with the aim of developing software and creating new local networks of computers. This network has been connected to the European UNIX EUnet since August of the same year.

This is the first commercial company Soviet Union, which established data exchange with Western networks.

When did the abbreviation WWW appear?

WWW stands for World Wide Web, which means World Wide Web. This is a very important stage in the creation of the Internet. It was created in 1991. Its basis is the use of hypertext.

Hypertext is a text containing a link to another fragment of the given text (Web - page) of the same document or to another document. When a person clicks on such a link, the browser or other program takes the user to the piece of text to which it directs him.

Who Invented the World Wide Web

It was invented by Briton Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cayo. In history, it was Tim who made the first server. He also created the first browser. Tim used hypertext links to better navigate the web.

Who created the first website

I think you have already guessed that the first site was created by the same Tim Berners-Lee. He created it in the ninetieth year. The site had the address http://info.cern.ch/ .

What did the first browser look like?

The creation of the WWW service and browsers that can display Web pages on a PC has led to a real boom in the global network. The GUI browser appeared in 1993. It was the first browser of its kind and was called NCSA Mosaic.

All these discoveries and inventions, especially the WWW, created the conditions for connecting the mass user to the Internet. Nowadays, everyone can travel through the expanses of the world wide web. The number of people using the Internet is increasing exponentially.

When the Internet appeared, in what year, you now know. I wish you success!

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Internet is considered international system unified computer networks built on IP protocols and their routing. Officially, at the beginning of 2012, the number of registered users on the Internet reached 2.3 billion people. The Internet is used in e-business, communication and mass media. With the help of the Internet, people can watch movies, listen to music, read books, and also communicate with each other. So when did the Internet appear?

Not all of us know that such a phenomenon modern life, like the Internet, is over forty years old. The prediction of this means of information transmission was foreseen by many figures of the 19th and 20th centuries. So the Russian writer Odoevsky and English writer Forster, with almost a century of difference, described in their novels the appearance automatic system serving mankind. The same idea was picked up in their works by such science fiction writers as Isaac Aizimov, Sergei Snegov, Boris and Arkady Strugatsky. But few of them expected that the question of what year the Internet appeared in would have an answer so soon. The development of technology and electronics in the 20th century was so fast that just a couple of decades after the Second World War, humanity made a global leap in its development.

The history of the development of the Internet in the world

So in what year did the Internet appear? Here is a step-by-step chronology of the development of this mass phenomenon:

1957 - After the launch of a Soviet satellite, the US Department of Defense commissioned the Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop a single reliable computer network in case of war.
1961 - publication scientific work Leonard Kleinrock on packet switching became the basis for DARPA specialists.
September 2, 1969 - the first ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) server is installed at the University of California, RAM which was only 24 KB.
October 29, 1969 - The first communication session was successfully launched between the first two ARPANET servers, which were located at a distance of 640 kilometers. The session was moderated by Charlie Kline (University of California) and Bill Duvall (Stanford Institute). At 21:00, the first attempt was made to send the word LOGIN, but only three LOG characters were sent, after which the network was deactivated. At 22:30 the session was restored and completed successfully. This date is considered the birthday of the Internet.
1972 - The first e-mail program is launched, which immediately became popular, TELNET and the FTP file transfer protocol appear.
1973 - the network received international status due to the connection via a telephone cable with Norway and the UK.
January 1, 1983 - computer network ARPANET changed the NCP protocol to TCP / IP, which is still successfully used today. In addition, the concept of "Internet", which we all know, was assigned to the ARPANET network.
1984 - the emergence of NSFNet (National Science Foundation Network), developed by the US National Science Foundation. This network has been throughput and immediately competed with ARPANET.
1988 - The IRC protocol was created, which helped the emergence of real-time communication (chats).
1989 - British scientist Tim Berners-Lee proposed his original concept of creating the World Wide Web, developed the HTML language, the HTPP protocol, the URL identifier and the World Wide Web (WWW) visualization program.
1990 - ARPANET ceased to exist, replaced by NSFNet.
1991 - The World Wide Web became public and immediately became popular thanks to the MOSAIC browser.
1995 - The World Wide Web overtook FTP in popularity.
1996 - the concept of the World Wide Web is replaced by the concept modern Internet.

History of the development of the Internet in Russia

When did the Internet appear in Russia? Usually, the history of the emergence of the Russian-speaking part of the Internet (Runet) is described by the following main milestones:

August 22, 1990 - scientific network of the Institute atomic energy and IPK Minavtoprom for the first time connected to the Internet, so this day is considered the day of the birth of the Russian Internet.
September 19, 1990 - the first domain of the Soviet Union.su was registered in the international database.
April 7, 1994 - the first domain of the Russian Federation.ru was registered in the international database.

Today, Internet connection both in Russia and around the world is possible through cable television, telephone, radio channels, communication satellites, cellular communication. Officially in Russia, Internet Day is celebrated on September 30th.

He can no longer imagine his existence without communication on the Internet. Social media, chats, forums, programs for instant messages, Email, video communication and much more - all this is united by a single network. But not everyone knows about when the Internet appeared.

Significance of the global network

The World Wide Web has spread all over the world, connecting even the most remote parts of the world and allowing people to communicate despite distances, as well as overcoming language barriers and other difficulties that arise in the real world. The global network has taken root in our lives and has become necessary for each of us. But not everyone thinks about where and when the Internet appeared and what contributed to its emergence. It develops and spreads at a tremendous speed, and now we have the opportunity to use it at work, at home, on the street, in land transport and even in the subway.

When was the first internet

In order to be able to urgently transmit information in case of war, an international system was developed that works on IP protocols and their routing. It was then that this system was called - "Internet". The global network quickly entered people's lives. And the day when the Internet appeared, marked a new round in the world and is imprinted in the history of the worldwide network.

At a meeting of a number of universities of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and DARPA, which took place in 1979, it was decided to create a Computer Science Research Network (CSnet in short).

How the Internet has evolved

A year after that meeting, CSnet was bound to the ARPANET, allowing CSnet networks to access the ARPANET gateway using TCP/IP protocols. ARPANET became the first global network within military technology. The best scientists worked on it, investing in it only modern technologies. Subsequently, others began to join this network. Thus was born the Commonwealth of Independent Networks, which came to an agreement on the method of internet communication.

Next, the Bitnet network arose, which allowed the exchange of news and messages through the mechanization of Listsery mailing lists. In action, it looked like this: the user selected suitable mailing lists from the lists that came to him and subscribed to them, after which the messages and news that he had chosen were sent to him.

Distribution of the global network

The popularity enjoyed by the Internet has contributed to the emergence of new developments and technologies for the convenience and greater conquest of users. So, in San Francisco, the FidoNet network, which appeared in 1984, acquired no less importance. Its origin is due to the fact that in 1983 Tom Jennings, using his own program, was able to implement the BBS system on a personal computer. He called this system FidoBBS. Before the advent of the Internet, FidoBBS had already gained its popularity and spread all over the world. The invention of the FidoNet network package made it possible to link two FidoBBS networks together using a telephone line and modem, after which users could create discussion groups and send messages to each other.

In 1987, the IBM PC was bundled with the UUCP package, which was originally designed for use in a UNIX environment. This made it possible to combine FidoNet and Usenet.

Today, one of the largest networks in the Internet community is NSFNET, developed by American scientists. This high-speed network supports call quality standards.

Later, a document was released, according to which anyone could use the NFS backbone high-speed backbone system until such time as this use was not directed to personal or commercial purposes.

The history of the emergence of the Internet in Russia

Computer communications and all developments related to it were used in the USSR only within the framework of the military-industrial complex to strengthen the country's defense capability. The main mention of this dates back to 1952.

In 1990, the first network of the allied scale was developed, which was given the name Relcom. When the Internet appeared, it was used only scientific organizations Leningrad, Kyiv, Moscow and Novosibirsk. In the same year, scientists made the first communication session via a modem, connecting a Soviet computer with a foreign one. The purpose for this was the need to establish a channel through which users could regularly transmit messages over the Internet.

In 1991, in the Soviet Union, when browsers had not yet been invented, the first network appeared with the .su domain. It was used mainly by technicians. But when the Internet appeared, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a browser arose. The first was WorldWideWeb, which made the web more user-friendly due to its colorfulness and visibility.

Creating a domain.ru

The Relcom network in 1992 was officially fixed in a large organization of commercial networks EUnet, which made it possible to access Internet services. And in 1993, the administrative zone RU was registered, after which the domain.ru was created. Russian-language sites began to appear.

When the Internet appeared, in Russia the number of users was limited to a narrow circle of scientists and the military. But after the allocation of IP addresses to computer networks, the number of ordinary users began to increase exponentially. The mass use of the network began, which gave impetus to its subsequent development.

Since 1994, the countdown of the era began Russian Internet. It was then that domain.ru was officially registered with InterNIC, and the administration rights were transferred to RosNIIROS.

Spread of the Russian Internet

Here is a chronology of events from the moment when the Internet appeared in Russia and became available to most users:

1994 - the first hackers appeared;

1995 - the first web design studio was opened;

1997 - the first online magazines appeared, the Yandex search engine was launched, and for the first time a natural language search for the Russian language was carried out;

1998 - opened free Russian service Mail.ru, which in just a few months has taken a leading position in terms of the number of users and has managed to maintain this position to this day;

2002 - a law came into force, according to which electronic digital signature in electronic documents is considered equivalent to a signature on paper;

2003 - opening of the .su domain, which was closed after the collapse of the USSR;

2006 - office opened in Moscow American company Google Inc, which is the owner of the famous Google search engine;

2007 - recognition of the largest wireless network in the world of the GoldenWiFi project, which provided wireless Internet access to Moscow residents;

2011 - more than 3.447 million names were marked in the .ru domain, and more than 894 thousand in the ".rf" domain.

Nowadays, the Internet is available in almost every family. We use it for entertainment, work, communication, online shopping and more. Therefore, the story that tells about when the Internet appeared is of great importance for each of us. And we are obliged to preserve this information for our descendants.

Human-made technologies are changing the world around us, and changes are entering our lives very quickly.

Some twenty years ago, we did not even dream of having a personal computer in every home and could not even imagine what everyone would have in their pocket mobile phone, which allows you to get any information in a few touches, watch a new movie or listen to fresh music.

Today, this has become a daily reality thanks to the Internet - the World Wide Web. We use the Internet every day, but few people know the names of the people who created it.

The birth of an idea

Like many other things in our world, the Internet owes its existence to the arms and technology race, in which, on the one hand, the countries of the West, led by the United States, participated, and on the other, Soviet Union. In 1957, the USSR won a landslide victory by launching the first space satellite into low Earth orbit.

This made the United States think not only about new space achievements, but also about its own information security. The Americans feared that the Russians from space would be able to extract intelligence information. The then President D. Eisenhower ordered the creation of an agency that would be engaged in advanced research, and to gather in it the best representatives of American science.

Creation of the ARPANET

The agency was named ARPA, and its research was generously funded by the US government. Soon agency employees L. Clairock and J.K. Licklider developed a project to create a universal information and communication network, which was approved by the Pentagon, and work began to boil. Not everything worked out the first time, but in 1969, on October 29, the first attempt took place. computer communications between the Stanford Research Center and the University of California.

At precisely 9:00 pm, one of the researchers at Stanford typed the letters L and O on his keyboard, which immediately appeared on a computer display in California. The first attempt was aborted without being completed. After an hour and a half, the communication session was repeated, and the scientists were able to completely transmit the word LOGIN typed on the keyboard.

The resulting computer network was named ARPANET after the ARPA agency. Two years later, the network had 23 users throughout the United States, and two years later, organizations from England and Norway joined it.

ARPANET becomes the Internet

The ARPANET was used primarily for the exchange emails, a little later it added a chat, newsletter and bulletin boards.

In the 70s, protocols (standards) for data transmission were actively developed for it - it was necessary to create such a way of presenting information that would be quite simple and exclude or minimize the number of errors during transmission.

A huge role in this process was played by J. Postel, whom many call the creator of the modern Internet. By the way, in 1983 standard information transfer protocols were formally fixed, and ARPANET was renamed the Internet.

Europe comes into play

Despite the obvious successes, in the early 80s the Internet was very far from perfect. It is not known how its development could go if it were not for the involvement of the CERN Geneva Research Center in the person of T. Berners-Lee to work on it.

It was he who developed the concept of the World Wide Web (World Wide Web, or WWW), which made it possible to create the Internet in the form that we use now. Berners-Lee can rightfully be called another one of those who invented the Internet.

Building a web browser

Although the web protocol invented by Berners-Lee provided excellent communication, it still ordinary person, not familiar with programming, using the Internet was quite difficult. This continued until 1993, when the programmer M. Andrissen proposed a new user interface - the Mosaic browser. The creation of the network was completed, the period of its development began.

Since then, the Internet has evolved from a tool for a few scientists and administrators to what it is today - a powerful and accessible way for everyone to communicate with people around the world. Over the next two years, the number of Internet users grew thousands of times. He united disparate networks in different countries into a single whole and became a truly World Wide Web that covered our entire planet.

Although the Internet became public not so long ago, many people no longer imagine their lives without it. They don't call him for nothing world wide web. Today it is used by more than 40% of the inhabitants of the globe. Students, schoolchildren, scientists, housewives and workers of almost all professions, of course, are grateful to the person who. After all, with the help of the World Wide Web, you can communicate with people from all over the world that have the Internet, get almost any information of interest, watch a movie and listen to music, play games, order goods and services, and make payments.

Who created the Internet and why?

In order to say with accuracy who created the Internet, one should decide what is actually considered the beginning of the Internet: the idea itself or important steps on the way to its implementation. Each of those scientists who participated in the development of the Internet made a significant contribution, without which the World Wide Web could not have appeared.

The idea of the need for a global network first arose in the United States in 1957. However, they wanted to create it not at all for the needs that it fills today. The Ministry of Defense of the named country wanted to have such a system for storing and transmitting information that would survive and continue to work even in a nuclear war. It was decided to use computers as sources of information transmission. Four leading American universities, which are considered the birthplace of the Internet, were entrusted with developing and finalizing the idea: the Stanford Research Center, the University of California at Santa Barbara, the University of California at Los Angeles, and the University of Utah.

As one of the creators of the Internet, one can name the scientist Joseph Licklider. This man led the research program that resulted in the concept of a computer network.

After 12 years of painstaking work of scientists, the first computer network called ARPANET was created, which united the named universities. And in 1973, this network, through a telephone cable, spread to other countries, becoming international.

Further work went along the path of standardization of data protocols. One of the active workers who made a significant contribution to this issue was Jon Postel. Since this person created the protocols that are actively used to this day, his name is also called as the creator of the Internet.

What year was the internet created?

As mentioned above, it is difficult to say exactly who created the first Internet and when, since this process was supported by a huge number of people and it lasted more than one year. However, it was the creation of the first protocols in 1982, authored by Jon Postel, that allowed the system to cover a large number of computers and become a network.

In the creation of the Internet, the following milestones can be named:

The first server was installed in 1969 at the University of California.
In 1969, through the ARPANET system, the first two characters were sent from a computer.
In 1971, the first e-mail was launched and immediately gained popularity.
The very name of the Internet, the first network received only in 1983. However, at that time the network continued to be available only to a limited number of users in some countries.
In 1988, the creation of a new protocol led to the possibility of real-time communication.
In 1990, the Russian professional scientific network merged with the global network, which can be considered the starting point of modern Russian networks.
Modern look The Internet found only in 1991 after the standardization of WWW pages and the unification of all existing networks.

After this year, the development of the Internet went only along the path of attracting as much as possible more users and increase the opportunities provided.