Comprehensive analysis of economic activity as a type. The concept of a comprehensive analysis of economic activity

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Federal State Educational Budgetary Institution

higher professional education

"Financial University under the Government Russian Federation»

(Financial University)

Tula branch of the Financial University

Test

discipline: "Economic analysis"

Option number 5

Completed: 5th year student

Faculty: FIK

Directions: Bachelor of Economics

Groups: daytime

Pereponova E.K.

file №11fld41649

Checked: Kalyanov A.Yu.

Tula 2014

Exercise 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Task 5

Task 6

Task 7

Bibliography

Exercise 1

According to the balance sheet (Appendix 1), analyze and evaluate the dynamics of the composition and structure of the organization's assets and liabilities. Data on the property status and sources of financing of the organization's assets should be reflected in Table. one.

Table 1

The data in table 1 show that the total turnover of economic assets, that is, assets for the period 2011 - 2013. increased by 15,514 rubles. (88778-73264) or by 82% (73264/88778*100) due to an increase in the volume of non-current assets by 30,487 rubles. (62926-32439), although current assets, on the contrary, decreased by 14,973 rubles. (40 825-25 852) . In other words, the property mass increased mainly due to the growth of non-current assets, consequently, the organization is strengthening the material and production base. liability expense profit organization

If we compare only 2012 and 2013, we see next situation: the total turnover of economic assets for this period decreased by 67 rubles. (88,778-88,845) or by 0.08% due to a decrease in the volume, as well as non-current assets, by 1,794 rubles. (62926-64720), but during this period there was an increase in current assets by 1,727 rubles. (25852-24125). This means that the more mobile part of the organization's assets has increased, which positively affects the liquidity of its funds.

Analysis of the passive part of the balance sheet shows that for the period 2011-2013. there was an increase in short-term liabilities by 6,925 rubles. (26831-19906) due to an increase in accounts payable, and capital and reserves in the amount of 8,589 rubles. (61947-53358).

Task 2

According to the report on financial results (Appendix 2), form the income and expenses of the organization, analyze and evaluate their structure and dynamics. Evaluation data on the income and expenses of the organization reflect in table. 2.

table 2 Analysis of the dynamics of income and expenses of the organization

Calculations:

1. Income per 1 rub. assets is the ratio of an organization's income to its total assets. The amount of income per 1 rub. assets of the organization in 2012 amounted to 0.59 rubles. (52374/88845), in 2013 this figure increased by 0.09 rubles. and began to amount to 0.68 rubles (60477/88778).

2. Sales revenue of 1 rub. income - is the ratio of sales revenue to the organization's revenue. The amount of revenue per 1 rub. sales in 2012 was equal to 0.97 rubles, and in 2013 it decreased by 0.013 rubles. and began to amount to 0.96 rubles.

3. Income per 1 rub. expenses is the ratio of an organization's income to its expenses. The amount of income per 1 rub. expenses in 2013 decreased by 0.12 rubles. compared to 2012

4. Profitability of expenses - This is the percentage of net profit to the expenses of the organization. Profitability of expenses decreased by 1.25% in 2013 compared to 2012.

5. Sales consumption is the ratio of the sum of cost of sales, selling expenses and management expenses to sales revenue. This ratio determines the share of total expenses in sales revenue. In 2012, the share of expenses in sales revenue was RUB 0.89. in 2013 it increased by 0.026 rubles.

Based on the calculation of the main indicators for assessing income and expenses, we can say that in 2013, compared to 2012, the organization's expenses increased, and their profitability decreased by 1.25%. As a result, the income of the organization also decreased.

Task 3

Using the data of the report on financial results (Appendix 2), analyze the size, composition and structure of the organization's profit.

Summarize the calculations in Table. 3.

Ttable 3 Analysis of the organization's profit dynamics

Kd / r \u003d All income / All expenses > 1

cd/r = (58092 +2375 +10) / (53210+117+4185+799)=

60477/58311= 1,04>1

Since the coefficient is greater than one, the activity of the enterprise for a given period is effective.

Task 4

According to the balance sheet (Appendix 1), financial results report (Appendix 2), calculate the influence of factors on the change in the profitability of assets: the share of current assets in total assets, the turnover ratio of current assets, profitability of sales (Table 4).

Table 4 Calculation of the influence of factors on the change in the profitability of the organization's assets

Decision: Calculate for the initial data the average annual value of current assets and the average annual value of assets. We will take the volumes of net profit and revenue from the balance sheet (Appendix 1). Calculations are made according to the formula (on the example of assets):

where BUT- assets;

BUT N.G.- the value of assets at the beginning of the corresponding year;

BUT K.G.- the value of assets at the end of the corresponding year.

The calculation of the change (+,-) is carried out according to the formula (using the example of assets):

Let's calculate the calculated data:

1) find the return on assets

where R P- sales profit.

This indicator characterizes the profitability of the organization, shows the efficiency of the use of assets.

2) the share of current assets in the total assets

where, AT- average annual values ​​of current assets and assets.

This indicator characterizes the structure of assets.

3) turnover of current assets

where N- sales revenue.

The turnover of current assets is measured in turnover.

4) profitability of sales

Profitability of sales characterizes the efficiency of the organization.

The calculation of the influence of factors on the change in the profitability of assets will be carried out by the method of chain substitutions. Let's create a model:

Return on assets is a product of 3 factors.

1) Find the influence of the share of current assets on the return on assets:

2) find the impact of turnover of current assets:

3) find the impact of profitability of sales:

4) draw up a balance of deviations:

1.94 + 2.03- 1.69 = -1.6 (correct)

Thus, the change in return on sales had the greatest impact on the change in return on assets. A fall in return on sales by -2.6% caused a drop in return on assets by 8.2%. The acceleration of the turnover of current assets led to an increase in the return on assets by 2.03%. The decrease in the share of current assets in assets reduced the return on assets by -1.94%. The cumulative impact of the factors is negative and amounts to -1.6%.

Task 5

Based on the initial data (tab. 5.1.), select the structure of production and sales of products in order to obtain the greatest profit (tab. 5.2). Fixed costs for all options are the same and amount to 98 thousand rubles. The sales revenue for each of the three options is 360 thousand rubles, 330 thousand rubles, 340 thousand rubles, respectively.

Table 5.1 Initial information

Table 5.2 Settlement Information

Marginal income is the sum of profits and fixed costs. The essence of this category is that the full repayment of all fixed costs provides for the write-off of their full amount to the current results of the enterprise and is equated to one of the directions of profit distribution.

For the first option:

1. The share of marginal income in the price of the product, D s:

D y = (* SP A + * SP B + * SP C + * SP G) / 100 \u003d (0.25 * 20 + 0.429 * 30 + 0.167 * 10 + 0.4 * 40) / 100 \u003d (5 + 12.87 + 1.67 + 16) / 100 \u003d 0.3554

3. Marginal income, MD:

360 * 0.3554 \u003d 127.944 thousand rubles.

4. Profit from sales for the first option is equal to:

P = - A \u003d 127.944-98 \u003d 29.94 thousand rubles.

For the second option:

for product A \u003d (80 - 60) / 80 \u003d 0.25;

for product B \u003d (140 - 80) / 140 \u003d 0.429;

for the product C \u003d (120 - 100) / 120 \u003d 0.167;

for the product D \u003d (200 - 120) / 200 \u003d 0.4.

2. The average share of marginal income in revenue for the entire sales volume D y:

D y = (* SP A + * SP B + * SPs + * SP e) / 100 \u003d (0.25 * 30 + 0.429 * 25 + 0.167 * 20 + 0.4 * 25) / 100 \u003d (7.5 + 10.725 + 3.34 + 10) / 100 \u003d 0.31565

330 * 0.31565 \u003d 104.1645 thousand rubles.

3. Profit from sales for the second option is equal to:

P = - BUT=104.1645 -98 =6.1645 thousand rubles

For the third option:

1. The share of marginal income in the price of the product, D with:

for product A \u003d (80 - 60) / 80 \u003d 0.25;

for product B \u003d (140 - 80) / 140 \u003d 0.429;

for the product C \u003d (120 - 100) / 120 \u003d 0.167;

for the product D \u003d (200 - 120) / 200 \u003d 0.4.

2. The average share of marginal income in revenue for the entire sales volume D y:

D y = (* SP A + * SP B + * SPs + * SP e) / 100 \u003d (0.25 * 15 + 0.429 * 20 + 0.167 * 35 + 0.4 * 30) / 100 \u003d (3.75 + 8.58 + 5.845 + 12) / 100 \u003d 0.30175

Marginal income, MD, thousand rubles:

340 * 0.30175 \u003d 102.595 thousand rubles.

3. Profit from sales for the third option is:

P = - BUT=102.595 -98 =4.595 thousand rub.

The first version of the structure of production and sales of products is more profitable in terms of obtaining the largest amount of marginal income and profit.

Sales profit is affected by changes in:

1. quantity and structure of sold;

2. price level;

3. the level of fixed costs.

Task 6

According to the balance sheet (Appendix 1), income statement (Appendix 2) and reference data (Appendix 4), analyze the indicators of intensification of the use of the organization's main resources. Summarize the calculations in Table. 6.

Table 6Characteristics of the ratio of extensiveness and intensity of use of basic resources in the production process

1. Gr. 5 = gr. 4 / gr. 3 h 100 - 100.

2. Gr. 6 p. 1 or 2 or 3 = gr. 5 pp. 1 or 2 or 3 / gr. 5 page 4.

Gr. 6 p. 6 = U gr. 6 on pages 1, 2 and 3/n.

3. Gr. 7 p. 1 or 2 or 3 = gr. 6 h 100.

Gr. 7 p. 6 = U gr. 7 on pp. 1, 2 and 3/n.

4. Gr. 8 p. 1 or 2 or 3 = 100 - gr. 7 page 1, 2 or 3

Gr. 8 p. 6 = U gr. 8 on pp. 1, 2 and 3/n.

From the data in Table 6, we can conclude that the organization is characterized mainly by extensive development; the proportion of extensiveness was 83%, i.e. in each percentage of revenue growth, the share of extensiveness is 0.8309, and therefore, the share of intensity is 17%.

The increase in sales revenue by 83% was achieved due to the involvement of additional resources in production, mainly for wages.

The relative overspending on wages can be achieved both by increasing the wages of employees, and by increasing the number of employees of the enterprise. At the same time, relative savings in other indicators indicate their effective use compared to the previous period.

Task 7

According to the balance sheet (Appendix 1), income statement (Appendix 2) and reference data (Appendix 4), calculate the indicators for assessing the quality of the organization's activities (Table 7.1). Carry out a comparative comprehensive assessment of the performance of organizations by the distance method, taking into account the significance score according to data for competing companies with limited liability"Agat", No. 1, No. 2. Present the results of calculations for the reporting period in Table. 7.3

Table 7.1Initial information X

1. Coefficient current liquidity : the ratio of current assets to short-term liabilities.

The current liquidity ratio shows the company's ability to repay current (short-term) liabilities at the expense of current assets only. The higher the value of the coefficient, the better the solvency of the enterprise. This indicator takes into account that not all assets can be sold immediately.

2. Asset turnover ratio: the ratio of revenue to the sum of the average annual balances of current assets.

The asset turnover ratio shows the number of complete cycles of product circulation for the analyzed period. Or how many monetary units products sold brought each monetary unit of assets. Or otherwise it shows the number of turnovers of one ruble of assets for the analyzed period.

3. return on sales, % : percentage ratio of net profit to average annual revenue.

Profitability of sales shows how much profit the company receives from each ruble of products sold.

4. Return on equity, %: percentage ratio of net profit to the average annual balances of equity and reserves.

The return on equity shows the amount of profit that an enterprise (organization) will receive per unit cost of equity.

5. Coefficient of financial independence (autonomy): the ratio of equity to the sum of all assets.

The financial independence ratio shows the share of the organization's assets that are covered by equity (provided by their own sources of formation). The remaining share of the assets is covered by borrowed money.

6. Agility factor: the ratio of the difference between equity and non-current assets to equity capital.

The agility coefficient shows the ability of the enterprise to maintain the level of its own working capital and replenish working capital, if necessary, from its own sources.

7. Funding ratio: the ratio of equity capital to borrowed capital.

The financing ratio shows to what extent the assets of the enterprise are formed from equity, and to what extent the enterprise, regardless of external sources financing.

8. The coefficient of security of current assets with own funds,%: the ratio of the difference between equity and non-current assets to current assets.

The coefficient of security of current assets with own funds evaluates the speed of circulation of funds invested in current assets.

Table 7.2 ratio coefficients indicators to the standard (X / X max)

Table 7.3Comparative rating results (X/X max)*Kzn

Calculations p. 1-8: the square of the coefficients of the ratio of indicators to the standard multiplied by the coefficient of significance.

Bibliography:

1. Analysis of financial statements: tutorial/ O.V. Efimova [and others] - M.: Omega-L Publishing House, 2013.

2. Analysis of financial statements: Textbook. - 2nd ed. / Under the total. ed. M.A. Vakhrushina. - M.: Vuzovsky textbook: INFRA-M, 2011.

3. Analysis of financial statements: textbook / under the total. ed. IN AND. Barylenko. - M.: K-NORUS, 2010.

4. Efimova O.V. The financial analysis: modern tools for making economic decisions: textbook. -M.: Publishing house "Omega-L", 2010.

5. Comprehensive analysis economic activity enterprises: textbook / under the total. ed. prof. IN AND. Barylenko. - M.: FORUM. 2012.

6. Melnik M.V., Berdinkov V.V. Financial Analysis: Scorecard and Methodology: Textbook. - M.: Economist, 2006.

7. Theory of economic analysis: textbook / E.B. Gerasimov, V.I. Barylenko, T.V. Petrusevich. - M.: FORUM; Research Center INFRA-M, 2012.

8. Official website of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. http://www.minfin.ru

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The main part of the course project consists of the following sections:

.analysis of production and sale of products;

.analysis of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets;

.analysis of the effectiveness of the use of labor resources;

.analysis of the effectiveness of the use of material resources of the enterprise;

.cost analysis of products, works and services;

.analysis of financial results of economic activity of the organization.

The course project contains sheets, 9 figures, 40 tables, 12 literature sources.

Keywords:

-Output;

-Basic production assets;

Staff;

-Wage;

-Average number of employees;

-Salary fund;

-material costs;

Cost price;

Revenue;

-Sales profit;

Net profit;

Profitability.

Introduction

Analysis of production and sales of products

Analysis of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets

Analysis of the efficiency of the use of labor resources of the enterprise

Analysis of the efficiency of the use of material resources of the enterprise

Analysis of costs and production costs

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Introduction

Analysis of economic activity plays an important role in improving the economic efficiency of the organization, in its management, in strengthening its financial condition. It is an economic science that studies the economics of organizations, their activities in terms of evaluating their work on the implementation of business plans, assessing their property and financial condition and in order to identify untapped reserves to improve the efficiency of organizations.

The program of the project "Comprehensive analysis of economic activity" provides for the implementation of the course project.

The purpose of the course project is to analyze the financial and economic activities of the enterprise.

The tasks are:

analysis of production and sale of products;

analysis of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets;

analysis of the effectiveness of the use of labor resources;

analysis of the effectiveness of the use of material resources of the enterprise;

cost analysis of products, works and services;

analysis of financial results of economic activity of the organization.

The subject of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise.

The object of the study was the enterprise LLC "DOK-8"

The result of the study is a report on the economic activity of the enterprise.

1. Analysis of production and sales of products

The volume of manufactured products for sale in in kind is calculated as the difference between the volume of produced products of the corresponding type and intra-factory consumption of these products.

Table 1 - Analysis of production in physical terms

Types of productsManufactured products, pcs. Domestic consumption, pcs.Produced for sale, pcs. A139013800013901380-1099.282. B143613861308513061301-599.623. C980980009809800100.004. D1986207630451956203175103.835. Е1248129310101238128345103.63Total7040711517014068706975105101.53

According to the analysis of production in physical terms (table 1), first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the decrease in on-farm consumption of products, in fact, compared with the plan by 30 pcs.

Analysis of the dynamics of production and sales of products in current prices carried out using growth and growth indices.

The base growth rate is determined relative to the base period:

T b =VP i : VP 1 100,

where T b - basic growth rate, %;

VP i

i-th period;

VP 1 - the volume of output in value terms of the base period.

Chain growth rates are determined relative to the previous period:

Tc \u003d VP i : VP i-1 100,

where Tc - chain growth rate,%;

VP i - the volume of output in value terms

i-th period;

VPi-1 - the volume of output in value terms of the previous period.

Based on the data obtained, the average annual growth rates of the volumes of manufactured and sold products are calculated using the formula:

where Tb1,2,n- base growth rates for n-periods expressed in a coefficient.

All calculations are entered in table 2.

Table 2 - Dynamics of production and sales of products (in current prices)

ПоказательГод 12345Объем выпущенной продукции, тыс. руб.203781,44231569,82248999,8282954,32321539Темпы роста, % : Цепные100113,64107,53113,64113,64Базисные100113,64122,19138,85157,79Среднегодовой прирост, %33,12Реализованная продукция, тыс. руб .216008.32248409.57293123.3366404.12373732.2 Growth rates, %:

The graph of the dynamics of the growth rate of output for five years is shown in Figure 1.

Rice. 1. The graph of the dynamics of the growth rate of output volumes for five years is presented in

To track the trend of changes in the volume of output and sales of products, it is necessary to bring the data in a comparable form over the years. To do this, it is necessary to multiply the volume of manufactured (sold) products in current prices of the previous period by the price growth index of the corresponding period. Record the calculation results in table 3.

Indicator Year12345Price index1,001,021,061,081.02Volume of output in current prices, thousand rubles203 781.4231 569.8248 999.8282954.3321 539.0Volume of output in comparable prices, thousand rubles203 781.4207 5 854.124 0268919.8288 613.4Sales products in current prices, thousand rubles 216 008.3248 409.6293 123.3366404.1373 732.2Sales products in comparable prices, thousand rubles 2373 732.2

An important element of the analysis of production and sales of products is the analysis of the implementation of the plan for the range. This assessment is based on a comparison of the planned and actual release of goods by the main types included in the nomenclature.

Actual indicators within the plan are counted in the implementation of the plan.

Evaluation of the implementation of the plan for the assortment in table 4.

Table 4 - Assessing the implementation of the plan for the range

ProductVolume of output, thousand rubles Share of output, % Fulfillment of the plan, % Deviation of the share, It is included in the implementation of the plan for the assortment, thousand rubles. plan fact plan fact A62 55066 24020.6420. 69102.95-0.6464 620s49 00048 02016,1714,9398.00-1,2448 020D89 37095 49629.5029.70106.850.2089 370E37 44045 25512.3614.07120.871.7237 4402,49100,100,100,100,UP ,13X302 000

At the next stage of the analysis, it is necessary to analyze the structure of output. Uneven execution of the release plan certain types production leads to deviations from the planned structure, thereby violating the conditions for comparability of economic indicators, such as the volume of output in value terms, material intensity, cost, indicators of financial results.

To study structural shifts in economic indicators, methods of factor analysis are used. There are three methods for studying structural shifts - the method of direct counting for all products by changing the share of each product in the total output, the direct counting method for all products by the percentage of the plan completed, and the method of average prices.

AT course project the method of direct counting for all products by changing the share of each product in the total output and the method of average prices will be used.

The impact of structural shifts on the volume of output is defined as the difference between the conditional production volume at actual output, actual structure, planned price and the conditional output at actual output, planned structure, planned price.

The conditional volume of production with the actual output and the planned structure is determined by the formula:

N(d)=Q common 1(?D i 0p i 0),

where Q common 1- total volume of output actual;

D i 0- the share of each i-th type of product in the planning period;

p i 0- planned price of the i-th type of product;

N(d) is the conditional volume of production with the actual output and the planned structure.

The calculation of the effect of structural shifts is carried out in table 5.

The average price method is based on determining weighted average prices for the planned and actual structure and multiplying the difference in the obtained values ​​by the actual output (we will calculate the calculation in Table 6).

Table 6 - Analysis of change average price by changing the structure of output

ItemPlanned unit price output, pcs. Output structure, %Change in the average price due to the structure, ths. rub. -0.92-0.41C5098098013.9213.77-0.15-0.07D451 9862 07628.2129.180.970.44E301 2481 29317.7318.170.450.13Total7 0407 115100100x-0.07 Table 5 - Analysis of the impact of structural changes on the volume of output

ItemPlanned unit price products, thousand rubles Volume of output, pieces Structure of output, % Planned volume of production, thousand rubles Conditional production volume at the actual output and planned price, thousand rubles Change in the volume of output due to the structure, thousand rubles Planfakplainfakts planned structures of the actual structure451 3901 38019.7419.4062 55063 202.5562 099.86-1 102,68V451 4361 38620,4019,4864 62065 315,70,09-2 945.61C5098098013.9213.9213.9213.9213.9213.9213.9213.9AM , 94-520.46D451 9862 07628,2129,1889 37090 321.3793 420.023 098.65E301 2481 29317,7318,1737 44037 844.6938 790.06945.37ITHE7 0407 115100100302 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9802 9803

An important indicator of ensuring the specified rate of output is the rhythm. Rhythm means the uniform release of products in a given period of time (in the example under consideration, by quarters).

Table 7 - Analysis of the rhythm of output by quarters

QuarterVolume of output, thousand rubles Specific weight, % Fulfillment of the plan, coefficient Volume of production included in the fulfillment of the plan in terms of rhythm, thousand rubles 000475 74590 0002527.991.18875 745Total 302 980321 5391001001.061251 490

According to Table 7, the rhythm coefficient was 83.01%.

According to the analysis of production in physical terms (table 2), first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the decrease in on-farm consumption of products, in fact, compared with the plan by 30 pcs.

This growth, in turn, had an impact on the decrease in the indicator of production volume for sale. According to the presented data for product B, there is a decrease in production volumes with a decrease in actual on-farm consumption

The plan for production E was overfulfilled by 3.63%. For other types, it is underfulfilled, except for products C and D.

The actual manufactured products for all types and the volume of production for sale increased by 105 units.

According to the analysis in table 2.2, the volumes of manufactured and sold products increased by 57.79% and 73.02%, respectively.

The average annual growth rate was 33.12% for output and 48.34% for sales.

The chain growth rates of production volumes are uneven over the years, despite the general upward trend from year to year compared to the base period.

Thus, the plan for the range of products at the enterprise in question has not been fulfilled. It is necessary to pay attention to products C, the plan for which was not fulfilled by 2%, which has a negative impact on the implementation of the plan for the assortment, as well as those types of products for which the plan was overfulfilled, especially products D, the plan for which was overfulfilled by 6, nine %.

It is necessary to make sure that the produced volume of these types of products finds sufficient demand and will be sold by the enterprise.

From table 2.5 it follows that there was a decrease in the volume of output due to structural changes by -524.73 thousand rubles, which has a negative impact on the performance of the organization.

This decrease is due to a decrease in the share of more expensive products - products B, C, D, respectively, which is not offset by an increase in the share of other types of products.

The data obtained make it possible to estimate the deviation of the conditional volume of output for the actual output, the planned price and the planned structure. This change will amount to 3224.7 thousand rubles.

Taking into account the influence of two factors on the volume of production, the changes will amount to 2699.97 thousand rubles. For the total output, there is a deviation in the amount of 2699.97 thousand rubles.

As can be seen from Table 2.6, due to structural shifts in the volume of output, the average price per unit of output decreased by 70 thousand rubles. rubles, the change in the volume of output due to structural changes is determined as the product of the change in the average price by the actual output in the reporting period. According to the analyzed data, there was a decrease due to the considered factor by 498.05 thousand rubles.

According to Table 2.7, the rhythm coefficient was 83.01%.

The desired value of the rhythm coefficient should be equal to 1. In this case the deviation from the desired value is not significant, however, it creates the prerequisites for a more detailed analysis and elimination of the causes of this deviation

Based on the data in Table 7, the coefficient of variation will be 0.4593.

Thus, if the production rhythm is 83.01% with an average quarterly deviation of 45.93%, this production can be recognized as rhythmic, since the deviations from the norm are not large.

2. Analysis of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets

The purpose of the analysis of fixed assets is an objective assessment of the state of fixed assets and the search for reserves for their more efficient use in the organization.

The main objectives of the analysis of fixed assets is;

determination of the security of the organization and its structural divisions fixed assets and the level of their use by generalizing and partial indicators, establishing the reasons for their change;

study of the technical condition of fixed assets;

clarification of the effectiveness of the use of equipment in time and power;

determination of the impact of the use of fixed assets on the volume of goods produced and other economic performance indicators of the organization;

identification of reserves for the growth of capital productivity, increase in production and sales, as well as profits by improving the use of fixed assets.

An analysis of the volume, composition, structure and technical condition of fixed assets is necessary to assess the effectiveness of their use and make decisions on investing fixed assets.

The analysis should begin with the compilation of tables 8, 9.

Table 8 - Composition of fixed assets of the organization in the previous period

Types of fixed assets Previous period, thousand rubles Absolute change, thousand rubles Growth rate, % at the beginning of the year at the end of the year Total fixed assets, including: fixed assets of other industries producing goods0000 - fixed assets of other industries producing services0000

Table 9 - Composition of fixed assets of the enterprise in the reporting period

Types of fixed assets Reporting period, thousand rubles Absolute change, thousand rubles Growth rate, % at the beginning of the year at the end of the year Total fixed assets, including: funds of other industries producing goods0000 - fixed assets of other industries producing services00,0000

Table 10 - Analysis of the composition of the funds of the main activity of the previous period

Types of fixed assetsPrevious periodAbsolute change thousand rubles Growth rate, %beginning of the yearend of the yearths. rub.share, %ths. rub. household inventory7800.348450.3665108.33 - other types of fixed assets16 4897.1816 9097.26420102.55 Passive part, including: -structures and 8 9963.928 6963.73-30096.67 -17399.84

Based on the data presented in Table 10, for the previous period, machinery and equipment underwent the most changes by 2263 thousand rubles. or 3.86%

Table 11 - Analysis of the composition of the funds of the main activity of the reporting period

Types of fixed assetsReporting periodAbsolute change, thousand rubles Growth rate, %beginning of the yearend of the yearths. rub.share, %ths. rub. Dolya, %of the total of the main type of activity 232875100230184100-269198.84active part:- machines and equipment60 82326,1266 85329,046030109.91- vehicles38 47516.52.52.52.52.52.5238 71316.82238100.62- production and economic instruments - other types of OS16 9097.2622 3749.725465132.32 Passive part: - structures 8 6963.738 7293.7933100.38 - buildings107 12746.0010709246.52-3599.97

Graphs of the composition of fixed assets at the beginning and end of the year are shown in figures 2. and 3., the dynamics in fig. 4

Rice. 2. OS structure at the beginning of the year

Rice. 3 OS structure at the end of the year

Rice. 4 Dynamics of OS for a year

At the next stage of the analysis, it is necessary to consider the movement of fixed assets in the context of the structure. The analysis data are shown below in tables 12, 13.

There is a positive trend, when the receipt exceeds the disposal of the OPF, the renewal of funds has a beneficial effect on the quality and competitiveness of products.

The increase in fixed assets for individual elements indicates the correct policy pursued by the organization aimed at technical re-equipment.

There are no sharp changes in the structure and movement of the OPF for both periods under consideration.

Table 12 - Analysis of the structure and movement of fixed assets in the previous period

Types of fixed assetsAvailability at the beginning of the yearReceivedRetiredAvailability at the end of the year thous. rub.% thous. rub.% thous. rub.% thous. руб.%Здания107 30046,719368,181 10913,41107 12746,00Сооружения8 9963,9200,003003,638 6963,73Машины и оборудование58 56025,497 86368,685 60067,6960 82326,12Транспортные средства37 57516,361 38912,134895,9138 47516, 52Industrial and household inventory7800.341151.00500.608450.36Other types of fixed assets16 4897.181 14510.007258.7616 9097.26Total funds of the main activity229 70010011 4481008 273100232 875100.0

Table 13 - Analysis of the structure and movement of fixed assets in the reporting period

Types of fixed assetsAvailability at the beginning of the yearReceivedRetiredAvailability at the end of the year thous. rub.% thous. rub.% thous. rub.% thous. руб.%Здания107 12746,008903,729257,58107 09243,78Сооружения8 6963,732891,212562,108 7293,57Машины и оборудование60 82326,1213 89558,077 86564,4966 85327,33Транспортные средства38 47516,525582,333202,6238 71315,83Производственный и household inventory8450.36450.19450.378450.35Other types of fixed assets16 9097.268 25034.482 78522.8422 3749.15Total funds of the main activity232 875100.0023 927100.0012 196100.00240.0012 196100.00240.006 The analysis should be supported by the calculated indicators presented in table 14.

The renewal coefficient is determined by dividing the value of new fixed assets received during the year of new funds by the value of fixed assets at the end of the year.

The income coefficient is determined by dividing the value of all funds received during the year by the value of fixed assets at the end of the year.

The depreciation factor is determined by dividing the amount of accrued depreciation by the initial cost.

The shelf life coefficient is determined by dividing the residual value of fixed assets by the initial cost of fixed assets.

The service life factor can be calculated as the difference between unity and the wear factor.

The retirement rate is determined by dividing the value of funds retired during the year by the value of fixed assets at the beginning of the year.

Table 14 - Assessment of indicators of movement and technical condition of fixed assets

IndicatorsPrevious yearReporting yearAbsolute change1. Availability at the beginning of the year, ths. rub. Depreciation at the beginning of the year, ths. rub. - receipts 0.0490.0980.049 - disposals 0.0360.0520.016 - increase 0.0140.0480.034 - depreciation at the end of the year 0.0510.0600.008 - validity at the end of the year 0.9490.940-0.008

Figure 5 shows the technical condition of the OS for the year

Rice. 5 Technical condition of the OS for the year

Figure 6 shows the dynamics of OS for the year

Rice. 6 Dynamics of OS coefficients for the year

To characterize the use of equipment over time, the balance of the time of its operation is studied. It includes:

calendar fund of time - the number of calendar days in the reporting period is multiplied by 24 hours and by the number of units of installed equipment;

regime fund of time - the number of units of installed equipment is multiplied by the number of working days of the reporting period and the number of hours daily work taking into account the shift coefficient;

planned fund - differs from the regime time the equipment is in scheduled repairs and upgrades;

actual fund of hours worked.

When conducting this analysis, the actual values ​​of the reporting period and planned ones are considered.

The shift ratio is determined by the ratio of the total number of shifts for the period to the product of the number of units of installed equipment and the number of working days.

The integral load factor is determined by the product of the intensive load factor and the extensive load factor of the equipment.

The coefficient of intensive equipment utilization is calculated by the ratio of the actual productivity of a piece of equipment to the planned one.

The coefficients of extensive loading of equipment are determined by the ratio of the actual equipment time to the planned time (or calendar or regime funds of the equipment operation time).

The results of the analysis are presented in table 15.

Table 15 - Analysis of equipment usage over time

Indicators Plan Fact (report) 1. Number of units installed equipment70.00752. Number of calendar days in the reporting period 365.003653. The number of working days is 2492484. Number of shifts worked36 25440 5485. Shift ratio 2,082,186. Average shift duration, h887. Time spent by equipment in scheduled repairs and upgrades, h1 6201 4708. Equipment downtime, thousand h01559. Output, thousand rubles 302 980321 53910. Calendar fund, machine-hour 613 200657 00011. Regime fund, machine-hour 290 032322 356.6012. Planned fund, machine-ch288 412x13. Actual fund, machine hours 288 412320 731.6014. Equipment utilization factors in time: 14.1. Calendar fund of time x0.48814.2. The regime fund of time x0.99514.3. Planned time fund (coefficient of extensive loading of equipment) x1.11215. The share of downtime in the calendar fund, %x0.02416. Average hourly production, thousand rubles 1,0511,00317. Intensive load factor x0.95418. Integral load factor x1.061

The time the equipment is under repair and upgrade is 1620 hours higher than planned and is 1470 hours. Also in the reporting period, downtime was recorded in the amount of 155 hours. At the same time, the actual output of products is slightly higher than planned by 18,559 thousand rubles.

Thus, all these deviations give changes in the time of use of the equipment.

The integral load factor was 1.061 which is quite high rate and confirms the rather high efficiency of the use of equipment.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of fixed assets is based on a common evaluation technology for all types of resources, which involves the calculation and analysis of indicators:

returns - characterize the output of finished products per 1 ruble of resources;

capacities - characterize the costs or reserves of resources per 1 ruble of output.

To analyze the performance indicators of the use of labor means, an analytical table 16 is compiled.

Table 16 - Indicators of the effectiveness of the use of the BPF

IndicatorPreviousReportingDeviation1. Proceeds from the sale of products, thousand rubles 366 404373 732.207 328.12. Average annual depreciation, thousand rubles11 25613 3072 051.03. Cost of products sold, thousand rubles 348,083.91300 709.13-47,374.84. The share of depreciation in the cost of production,% 3.24.431.1925. The average number of employees, persons 190205156. Profit from sales, thousand rubles7 940.2161 605.0753 664.8607. Average annual value of fixed assets, thousand rubles231 288238 7417 453.0008. Capital-labor ratio, thousand rubles per person 1217.301164.59-52.7159. Capital return, %3.43325.80422.37110. Photo yield, rub./rub. 1.5841.565-0.01911. Capital intensity, rub./rub. 0.6310.6390.00812. Return on sales, %2.16716.48414.317

According to Table 16, there is an increase in almost all of the presented indicators: revenue, a proportional increase in the cost of production and profit from sales.

To assess the effectiveness of the use of fixed assets, a factor analysis of capital productivity is carried out.

Table 17 - Initial data for factor analysis of capital productivity

IndicatorsPrevious periodReporting period (actual)Absolute deviation1. Proceeds from the sale of products, thousand rubles 366 404373 732.207 328.12. Average annual cost of fixed production assets, thousand rubles231 288238 7417 453.0 2.1. Active part, thousand rubles 115228122918.57 690.5 2.1.1. Machinery and equipment, thousand rubles 59691.5638384 1473. Share: 3.1 Active part in the total value of fixed assets, % (Ud a )49.8251.491.67 3.1.1. Machinery and equipment in the active part of the OF,% 51.8051.940.134. Return on assets per 1 rub./ rub.: 4.1. Fixed production assets (FO) 1.5841.565-0.0194.2. Active part (FO a )3,183,04-0,144.3 Machinery and equipment (FO m )6.145.85-0.285. Average annual number of operating equipment, units (TO before )70.0075.0056. The operating time fund of the operating equipment, thousand hours (take the regime from table 15) 284.600322.35737.7577. Average duration of operation of a piece of equipment, h (T) 4.0664.2980.2328. Average hourly output of a piece of equipment, rub. (CV)1287.441159.38-128.060

Factors affecting the return on assets are divided into two groups: dependent and independent of the level of use of the OPF.

The first group includes factors caused by the intensification of the use of working machines and equipment (increasing the shift ratio, reducing intra-shift downtime, etc.).

The second group includes changes in the level of prices for OPF and finished products. The share of depreciation in the cost of marketable products depends on price factor.

First, the influence of the following factors is examined:

the shares of the active part of the funds in the total amount of OF;

return on assets of the active part of OF.

FD opf = Ouda FD a ,

where oud a - the share of the active part of the funds in the total amount of fixed assets;

FD a - return on assets of the active part of the OF.

Further, expanding this model, we study the impact on the return on assets of fixed assets of the structure of the active part, primarily changes in the share of machinery and equipment and their return on assets. The extended factorial model will look like:

FD opf = Oud a Udm FD m ,

where oud m - - the share of operating machinery and equipment in the active part of the funds;

FD m - capital productivity of machinery and equipment.

The influence of factors according to these models is found by the method of absolute differences.

The results of the factor analysis of capital productivity of fixed assets are presented in table 18.

Table 18 - Factor analysis capital productivity of fixed assets

FactorsDeviation of the actual level of return on assets from the previous period1. FO = Uda Foaz by changing the specific gravity of the active part: ?FO=?Uda Foa (basic) 0.006 due to changes in the return on assets of the active part: ? ?Foa 0.189 total influence of factors 0.1942. FO = Uda Udm Fom by changing the specific gravity of the active part: ?FO=?Uda Udm(base) Fom (basic) 0.006 due to changes in the share of machinery and equipment: ? ?Udm Fom (basic) -0.003 due to changes in the return on assets of machinery and equipment: ?FO=Uda(actual) Udm(fact) ?Fom 0.191 total influence of factors 0.194

Based on the data presented in tables 2.8, 2.9, in the reporting period, the value of fixed assets at the beginning of the year amounted to 232875 thousand rubles, at the end of the year the cost increased by 11731 thousand rubles. and amounted to 244606 thousand rubles.

In both reporting periods, fixed assets are represented only by funds of the main type of activity.

Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the structure of the BPF in the context of the two reporting periods has not undergone major changes.

The share of the active part at the end of the reporting period was 55.95%, passive, in turn, 50.32%, at the end of the previous period 50.26% and 49.74%, respectively.

This ratio can be considered optimal. However, when analyzing the structure of the OPF, one should pay attention to the specifics of the activities of the organization in question, which often has a great influence on the composition and structure of the OPF.

The active part of the OPF is mostly represented by machinery and equipment, the share of which in the total cost amounted to 29.04% at the end of the reporting period and 26.12% of the previous one.

The largest share in the passive part is occupied by buildings and structures - 46.52% and 46% at the end of the reporting and base periods, respectively.

Observing the growth rates of the items in the OPF structure, we can conclude that in the active part in the reporting period there is an increase in all elements, with the exception of production and household inventory, the value of which slightly decreased by 0%.

In the passive part, there is a decrease in the cost of buildings and structures, the growth rate of which was 99.97% and 100.38%

respectively. However, this decrease can be considered insignificant.

Table 13 shows that during the reporting period, fixed assets in the amount of 23,927 thousand rubles were received, and 12,196 thousand rubles were withdrawn.

As can be seen from Table 14, the renewal ratio was 0.098 and 0.049 in the reporting and previous years, respectively. There is a positive trend to accelerate the renewal of the BPF.

In the case under consideration, renewal occurs at the expense of the active part, which can also be noted as a positive aspect of management, and in turn has a positive effect on the value of capital productivity.

The retirement rate in the reporting year was 0.052, which is higher than its value in the previous year by 0.02, however, this is offset by the receipt and general increase in the value of fixed assets. The retirement rate characterizes the degree of intensity of the retirement of fixed assets from production. Defining change this indicator for the analyzed period, it is necessary to identify the reasons for the departure and determine at the expense of which part it occurs. In the case under consideration, disposal occurs mainly in the active part, in the line "machinery and equipment".

The depreciation coefficient at the end of the reporting and the previous period amounted to 0.06 and 0.051, respectively, this value can be considered low, which is confirmed by the serviceability coefficient, which amounted to 0.94 and 0.949 at the end of the year.

The lower the value of the wear factor and the higher the service life, the better the condition of the BPF. High depreciation affects the costs associated with the repair and operation of fixed assets. A disproportionate increase in wear leads to a decrease in product output due to unscheduled downtime, a decrease in the competitiveness of products, an increase in the cost of production and a decrease in profits.

Based on the calculation presented in Table 15, it can be seen that the actual values ​​differ from the planned ones. Thus, the number of units of installed equipment is higher than planned by 5 units,

at the same time, the number of working days is actually lower by 1 day, which in turn leads to a decrease in the number of worked shifts by 4294, and the average duration of a working shift does not meet the planned value and is 7.95 hours.

However, the organization should pay attention to reducing equipment downtime and matching the planned and actual time spent on repairs.

The share of depreciation in the cost of output increased by 1.192 and amounted to 4.425 kopecks. for one ruble of production. Compared to the previous year, the return on assets increased by -0.019 rubles. This change may be due to an increase in prices for manufactured products.

The average annual cost of fixed assets also increased by 7453 thousand rubles. and amounted to 238,740.5 thousand rubles in the reporting year.

The decrease in capital-labor ratio by 4.33% is due to a fairly large increase in average headcount employees of the organization for 15 people.

As can be seen from Table 18, almost all the analyzed factors have a positive effect on the value of capital productivity of fixed assets.

The increase in capital productivity was -0.019. The increase in the share of the active part of fixed assets by 1.67 gave an increase in capital productivity by 0.053, while the increase in capital productivity of the active part of fixed assets by -0.14 had a greater impact -0.072.

The total impact of these factors gave an increase in sales proceeds by 7328.08 thousand rubles.

3. Analysis of the efficiency of the use of labor resources of the enterprise

The purpose of the analysis of labor productivity and wages is to identify opportunities for a further increase in output due to an increase in labor productivity, more rational use the number of employees and their working hours, in determining reserves to reduce the cost of production on the basis of the economic expenditure of wages, identifying and eliminating unproductive payments from the wage fund.

Comparing the actual number of personnel with the need for labor force (planned number) and the number of personnel in the previous period as a whole for the business entity, for groups of personnel, for categories of workers, the provision of employees is determined, as well as the change in their number compared to the need for labor in previous period.

As can be seen from Table 19, the personnel of the organization under consideration are represented only by the personnel of the main activity.

Table 19 - Security of the enterprise with labor resources

Personnel categories Headcount Actual in % to the previous year, the reporting year, the plan, the previous year, the plan actual1. Core activity personnel, total 190195205105.13107.89 including 1.1. Workers163166178107.23109.20 1.2. Employees27292793100.00 1.2.1. Managers577100140.00 1.2.2. Specialists22222091912. Non-main activity personnel000003. Total190195205105.13107.89

The actual staff structure in the reporting period is shown in Figure 7

Rice. 7 Actual staff structure in the reporting period

Analysis of movement indicators work force includes the following ratios:

1. Turnover ratio for admission - the ratio of accepted personnel to the average headcount.

Retirement turnover ratio - the ratio of the number of retired to the average number of employees.

Staff turnover rate - the ratio of the number of dismissed for reasons of turnover to the average number of employees.

Composition constancy coefficient - the ratio of the number of personnel who have worked all year to the average number.

Table 20 - Analysis of labor movement indicators

IndicatorYear of the previous periodplan of the reporting yearfact of the reporting yearInitial data, people1. The average number of employees1901952052. Number of hired personnel1910213. Number of retired employees5643.1. The number of employees who resigned of their own free will and for violation of labor discipline2134. Number of employees who worked for the whole year 204199222 Estimated indicators Turnover ratio for hiring employees 0.10000.05130.10 Turnover ratio for leaving employees 0.02630.03080.020 Staff turnover rate 0.01050.00510.015 Staff constancy ratio 1.07371.02051 .0829

Graphically, the coefficients of movement of the labor force are presented in Figure 8

Rice. 8 Labor movement rates are presented

One of essential conditions effective management of the organization is an increase in the production of products for each worker and the rational use of labor resources - the economical and efficient use of working time.

Analysis of the use of working time of one worker is an important part of the analytical work.

The nominal working time fund is calculated as the difference between calendar time and holidays and weekends. The attendance fund is the difference between the nominal working time fund and absenteeism. The working time budget is calculated on the basis of the attendance fund and the nominal length of the working day. To calculate the useful fund, intra-shift downtime and reduced hours are taken from the working time budget pre-holiday days. The average length of the working day, based on the balance of working time, is defined as the ratio of useful to the secret fund of working time.

Table 21 - Analysis of the use of the working time fund of one worker

IndicatorPlanFactDeviation1. Calendar time, days 3653650 including: - 1.1. Holidays 12120 1.2. Holidays10510502. Nominal working time fund, days 24824803. Absences from work, days 42,744,51,8 including: 3.1. Annual holidays3534-1.0 3.2. Study leave2.01.0-1.0 3.3. Maternity leave2.01.5-0.53.4. Additional holidays provided by decision of the administration1,01,80,8 3.5. Diseases2,53,00,53.6. Absences by permission of the administration 0,20,70,53.7. Absenteeism 0.01.51.53.8. Downtime0,01,01,04. The attendance fund of working time is 205.3203.5-1.85. Nominal shift duration, h880.06. Working time budget, h 1642.41628-14.47. Intra-shift downtime, h? 120120.08. Holidays (abbreviated), hours 660.09. Useful fund of working time per year, h 1,636.41 502.0-134.410. Average working day, h 7,977.38-0.59

At the next stage, it is necessary to analyze the use of working time and investigate the magnitude of losses: general, all-day and intra-shift. The initial data for the analysis are presented in table 22.

The time worked by one worker is determined by dividing the time worked by all workers by the average number of workers. The average working day is determined by dividing the time worked by one worker by the number of days worked by one worker.

Table 22 - Analysis of the use of working time of workers

Indicator In the previous year In the reporting year Change relative to the previous year Average number of workers, pers. (SCh)190195205102.63107.8910.002. Time worked by all workers, h (FW)315 196321 406341 755101.97108.4320 3492.1 Incl. overtime hours worked, hours 2 250?2 5000.00111.112 5003. Thousand man-days worked by all workers40 54641 13244 101101.45108.772 9694. Time worked by one worker, hours 165916481667.199. The number of days worked by one worker (D) 213.400210.933215.12798.84100.814.196. Average working day, h (P) 7.777.817.75100.5299.69-0.065

The factorial model will take the form:

FRV=SSCHD P,

where FRV is the time worked by all workers, h;

AMS - average headcount, people;

D - the number of days worked by one worker, days;

P is the average working day, hours.

The change in the length of the working year reflects the loss of working time throughout the day. The change in the average length of the working day characterizes the amount of intra-shift downtime. Along with direct losses of working time, the analysis also reveals the amount of non-production costs of working time. Unproductive costs of working time are the sum of the costs of working time as a result of the manufacture of rejected products and the correction of defects, as well as in connection with a deviation from the technological process.

Losses of working time are calculated in the following way:

total loss of working time about ) can be determined by subtracting the time actually worked by all workers during the reporting period during regular hours (the time worked overtime is deducted from the actual time worked), the time for fulfilling the planned target for output, recalculated by the actual number of workers.

PRVtotal = -1366.86 h;

whole-day loss of working time (TL) can be defined as the difference between the number of days worked by one worker according to the fact and the plan, multiplied by the actual number of workers and the planned average working day.

CD = -6717.44 h;

intra-shift lost working time (LT) can be calculated in two ways:

.From the total losses of working time, the whole-day losses calculated in hours are deducted:

BC = -5350.58 h;

.The change in the average working day is multiplied by the number of days actually worked by one worker and multiplied by the actual number of workers. Added to the result overtime:

BC = -5350.58 h;

Having studied the loss of working time, we will determine the unproductive costs of working time, which are made up of the loss of working time for the manufacture of rejected products and for their correction, as well as the costs of working time associated with deviations from the technological process (additional costs of working time), and are calculated based on the data about these losses. The analysis data are grouped in table 23.

The methodology for calculating unproductive costs of working time as a result of an admitted marriage includes the following steps:

1.Determine the share of wages of production workers in the cost of production;

2.Calculate the amount of wages of production workers in the cost of the final marriage. To do this, multiply the cost of rejected products by the share of wages in the cost of production;

.Determine the share of the wages of production workers in the cost of production minus material costs;

.Calculate the wages of workers to correct the marriage. To do this, it is necessary to multiply the costs of correcting the marriage by the share of the wages of production workers in the cost of commercial products minus material costs;

.Calculate the wages of workers in the final marriage and for its correction - for this, it is necessary to add the wages in the cost of the final marriage and the wages of workers to correct the marriage;

.Calculate the average hourly wage. To do this, divide the wages of workers by the actual fund of working hours in hours (taken from table 22);

7.Determine the working time spent on the manufacture of marriage and its correction. To do this, you need the amount of wages of workers in the final marriage and divide it by the average hourly wage for its correction.

Non-productive time is the sum of the working time spent on the production of marriage, and the additional time associated with a deviation from the technological process.

Table 23 - Calculation of unproductive costs of working time

IndicatorThe value of the indicator1. Production cost, thousand rubles 348,083.912. Wages of production workers, thousand rubles 79,748.483. Losses from marriage, thousand rubles2 1004. Material costs, thousand rubles 143578.485. The cost of correcting the marriage, thousand rubles 1200.006. The share of wages of production workers in the production cost of production, coefficient. 0.237. Salary in the cost of the final marriage, thousand rubles 4818. The share of wages of production workers in manufactured products minus raw materials and materials, component parts and semi-finished products, coefficient. 0.399. Wages of workers for the correction of marriage, thousand rubles. 467.910. Average hourly wage workers, thousand rubles 0.23311. Wages of workers in the final marriage and its correction, thousand rubles 949.112. Work time, spent on the manufacture of marriage and its correction, h 4067.213. Additional time associated with the deviation from the technological process (from the initial data), h100014. Total unproductive costs, h 5067.17

The efficiency of the use of labor resources is expressed in the level of labor productivity. Labor productivity is one of the generalizing indicators of the work of an economic entity.

Labor productivity is understood as its effectiveness or the ability of a person to produce a certain volume of products, goods, works, services per unit of time (production).

Labor productivity is determined by the amount of products that a worker produces per unit of time (output), or the amount of time spent on the production of a unit of output (labor input).

To assess the level of labor productivity, a system of generalizing, partial and auxiliary indicators is used.

General indicators: average annual, average daily and average hourly output per worker, average annual output per worker in value terms.

Particular indicators: the labor intensity of products of a certain type in physical terms for 1 man-day or man-hour.

The average hourly output is determined by the ratio of the volume of output to the time worked by workers.

Specific labor intensity is determined by the ratio of the cost of hours worked to the volume of output.

The analysis is carried out in table 24.

Table 24 - Analysis of the dynamics and implementation of the plan in terms of the level of labor intensity of products

IndicatorPrevious periodReporting periodGrowth of the indicator level, %planfactplan of the reporting year compared to the previous yearfact of the reporting year compared to the previous year1. The volume of output, thousand rubles 282954302980321539107.1113.6106.132. Worked out by all workers, man-hours 315 196321 406341 755102.0108.4106.333. Specific labor intensity per 1 man-hour 1.1141.0611.195.295.4100.194. Average hourly output, thousand rubles 0.8980.9430.941105.0104.899.81

During the analysis of labor productivity in terms of output:

an assessment of the implementation of the plan for labor productivity is given, if there are planned indicators, the dynamics of change is monitored in the context of several periods (two periods are considered in the course project);

Factors are identified and the size of their influence on labor productivity is determined.

Labor productivity is calculated per worker and worker per year by periods. Then the average daily and average hourly output per worker is calculated (for this, data from table 22 are used on the number of days worked by one worker and the average working day).

To calculate the quantitative influence of factors on the change in the level of labor productivity, the method of absolute differences is used.

The evaluation of the plan in terms of labor productivity is given by the average annual output per worker. The conclusions of the analysis are formed in the following areas:

an assessment is made of changes in the main factors affecting the average annual output per worker: the share of workers in total strength, the number of days worked, the length of the working day;

evaluated average daily output per worker, taking into account the impact of all-day downtime of working time, which entail a reduction in the length of the working year;

a comparison of the output of the average hourly and average daily one worker indicates intra-shift losses of working time, i.e. shortening or lengthening the working day.

Table 25 - Factor analysis of annual output

IndicatorPrevious periodReporting periodAbsolute deviation1. The volume of output, thousand rubles 282954321539353152. The average number of employees in the main activity, persons 190205102.1. Incl. workers16317873. The share of workers in the total number of employees, coefficient 0.8580.868-0.0074. Days worked by one worker per year, days (table 2.22) 213.40215.13-2.5675. Average working day, h (Table 2.22) 7.777.75-0.026. Average annual output of one employee, thousand rubles/person 1489.21568.589.97. Working out of the worker: 7.1. Average annual, thousand rubles 1735.921806.399108.8857.2. Average daily, thousand rubles 8.13468.39690.54777.3. Hourly average, thousand rubles 1.0461.08360.0717

The change in the volume of output is influenced by such factors as:

the number of workers (through the share of workers in the total number of employees in the main type of activity);

the number of days worked by one worker per year;

average working day, h;

average hourly output per worker, rub.

The factorial model will take the form:

GV=UDD P HF,

where GV is the average annual output of one employee, thousand rubles;

Ud - specific all workers in the total number of employees of the main type of activity, coefficient;

D - the number of days worked by one worker per year;

P - the average duration of the working day, h;

Vch - average hourly output of one worker, thousand rubles.

Results of factor analysis:

Table 26 - Analysis of the payroll structure

Types of wages Wages, thousand rubles. plan actual deviation Wages of workers: 1. Variable part of wages of workers without vacation pay 25812.0433494.367682.321.1. Piece rates20907.7527465.386557.631.2. Performance bonuses4904.296028.991124.72. Permanent part wages 33555.6539874.246318.592.1. Payment by tariff rates 30200.0835089.334889.252.2. All types of surcharges2684,453588,68904,232.2.1. Including extra payments for overtime 0.00717.74717.742.3. Other types of payments671,111196,23525,122.3.1. Including payment for downtime0.00239.25239.253. Wages of workers without vacation pay 59367.6973368.6014000.914. Specific gravity of the variable part, % 43.4845.652.175. Distribution of vacation pay5162,416379,881217,475.1. Relating to the variable part 2244.532912.55668.035.2. Relating to the permanent part 2917,93467,3549,446. Total wages of workers with vacation pay 64530.1079748.4815218.386.1. Variable part 28056.5736406.918350.356.2. Permanent part 36473.543341.576868.03 Remuneration of employees: 7. Salaries of employees 28991.7829496.01504.237.1. Payment according to salaries, including vacation pay14495.8916517.772021.97.2. Prizes8697.539084.77387.27.3. Surcharges and allowances5798.363893.47-1904.898. Remuneration of workers not in the main activity0,000,000,009. Total payroll expenses for the enterprise 93521.88109244.4915722.61

As can be seen from Table 19, the personnel of the organization under consideration are represented only by the personnel of the main activity.

The number of personnel in the main activity in the reporting year increased by 5.13% compared to the planned indicators and by 7.89% compared to the previous year. h.

The same trend is observed in the change in the number of all categories of employees. This can serve as an indicator that the organization uses extensive factors of production development.

Table 20 shows that the total turnover of the labor force in the organization can be considered normal, but the increase in turnover on retirement by 1.9512 is a negative point.

The staff turnover rate of 0.51 is quite low, which indicates the effectiveness of the organization's workforce management.

From the data in Table 21, we can conclude that more efficient use of working time was planned.

Every member labor collective in the reporting year, he was supposed to work 205.3 days, but the attendance fund of working hours decreased by 1.8 days and amounted to 203.5 days.

With the exception of annual leave and study leave, for all items of absenteeism, there is an excess of planned values.

Based on the nominal duration of the work shift, the working time budget in the reporting period amounted to 1628 hours, which is 14.4 hours less than the planned figure.

Intra-shift downtime of 120 hours also had a negative impact on the average working day, which was 7.38 hours.

As can be seen from table 22, the company uses the available labor resources not complete enough. Using the method of absolute differences, we determine the factors that influenced this deviation. At the analyzed enterprise, the actual fund of working time is more than planned:

due to a change in the number of 16482.34 hours;

due to the different number of days worked for 6717.44 hours;

due to the different duration of the shift at 2850.58 hours.

PRVtot = -1366.86 h;

CD = -6717.44 h;

BC = -5350.58 h;

BC = -5350.58 h;

total losses

working hours

Based on the results of the analysis presented in Table 24, the specific labor intensity decreased in the reporting period compared to the plan by -0.19%.

This is a positive moment and is due to the faster growth in the volume of output (6.13%) over the time worked by all workers (6.33%), which reflects an increase in labor productivity due to intensive factors.

The average hourly output is an indicator that is the inverse of labor intensity, which increased by 0.19% compared to the planned one. It is necessary to study the change in this indicator more widely.

Comparison of the average annual output per worker in the reporting and previous periods allows us to conclude that labor productivity has declined.

The growth rate was 5.32% or 79.25 thousand rubles per person. The rate of decline in average annual output per worker is higher than the growth rate per worker.

Despite the increase in the share of workers in the total number by 1%, the productivity indicators of all workers are higher.

the impact of the increase in the share of workers in the total number of employees by 0.01 amounted to 18.05 thousand rubles;

the impact of an increase in the number of days worked by one worker per year on day 2 amounted to 12.2 thousand rubles;

the impact of the increase in the average length of the working day by -0.02 amounted to -4.77 thousand rubles;

the impact of the growth of average hourly output per worker by 0.04 amounted to 53.78 thousand rubles. Thus, the total influence of factors: 79.25 thousand rubles.

As can be seen from table 2.26, a decrease in labor costs in the amount of 15,722.61 thousand rubles. is associated by 96.79% with a decrease in the wages of workers and by 3.21% with a decrease in the wages of employees.

In the variable part of the cost of wages for workers, the largest share is the decrease in direct wages per unit of output, which is associated with a change in tariff rates. In the constant part of labor costs, the largest change also occurred in tariff rates in the direction of their reduction.

4 Analysis of the efficiency of the use of material resources of the enterprise

The purpose of material resource analysis is to improve production efficiency through the rational use of resources.

The object of analysis is the complexity of supply, i.e. observance of certain ratios between the most important types of material resources. Violation of the complexity of supply, as a rule, leads to a violation of the terms of production, a violation of the assortment and a possible decrease in output.

The objectives of the analysis of the use of material resources are:

determination of the level of provision of an economic entity with the necessary material resources by types, varieties, brands, quality and delivery times;

analysis of the level of material consumption of products in dynamics;

study of the effect of individual factors on the change in the level of material consumption of products;

identification of losses due to forced replacement of materials, as well as downtime of equipment and workers due to lack of materials;

assessment of the impact of the organization of material and technical supply and the use of material resources on the volume of output and the cost of production;

identification of unused opportunities (on-farm reserves) to reduce material costs and their impact on production volume.

In the process of consumption of material resources in production, they are transformed into material costs, so the level of their consumption is determined through indicators calculated based on the amount of material costs.

To assess the effectiveness of material resources, a system of generalizing and particular indicators is used.

The use of generalizing indicators in the analysis allows you to get a general idea of ​​the level of efficiency in the use of material resources and the reserves for its increase.

Partial indicators are used to characterize the efficiency of consumption of individual elements of material resources (basic, auxiliary materials, fuel, energy, etc.).

Material productivity characterizes the amount of manufactured products from each ruble of consumed material resources (raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, etc.).

The material consumption of products shows how much material costs are required or actually account for the production of a unit of output.

The dynamics of the share of material costs in the cost of production characterizes the change in the material consumption of products.

We will analyze private indicators of the efficiency of the use of material resources in dynamics for two years and present the results in Table 27.

Table 27 - Analysis of private indicators of the efficiency of the use of material resources in dynamics for two years

IndicatorPrevious periodReporting periodDeviation1. Sales proceeds, thousand rubles 366404373732.207328.082. Cost of goods sold, thousand rubles 348083.91300709.13-47374.783. Material costs, thousand rubles 168478.04143578.48-24899.563.1. Raw materials, purchased products and semi-finished products, thousand rubles 114565.0797633.37-16931.703.2. Fuel, thousand rubles 35380.3931587.27-3793.123.3. Energy, thousand rubles 16847.8012922.06-3925.743.4. Other material costs, thousand rubles 1684.781435.78-249.004. Total material consumption, rub.: 0.460.384-0.0764.1. Raw material consumption 0.3130.261-0.0514.2. Fuel capacity 0.100.085-0.0124.3. Energy intensity 0.0460.035-0.0114.4. Production capacity for other material costs 0.0050.004-0.0015. The share of material costs in the cost of production,% 48.4047.75-0.655

At the next stage of the analysis of the efficiency of the use of material resources, it is necessary to investigate the change in the indicator of profit per ruble of material costs. The analysis is carried out according to the following factorial model:

P MOH = MO × Oud BP× R etc ,

where P MOH - profit from one ruble of material costs;

R etc - profitability of sales;

Oud BP - share of proceeds in the cost of output;

MO - material return.

Material output is determined by the ratio of the volume of sales to the value of material costs.

Profitability of sales is determined by the ratio of profit from sales to sales proceeds of the corresponding period.

Profit per ruble of material costs is determined by the ratio of profit from sales to material costs of the corresponding period.

Table 28 - Factor analysis of profit per ruble of material costs

IndicatorPrevious periodReporting periodAbsolute deviation1. Profit from the sale of products, thousand rubles - 574.034598.195172.222. Revenue from the sale of products, thousand rubles 242079290495.2348415.873. The volume of production, thousand rubles 258975294290353154. Material costs, thousand rubles 104340.96131512.6427171.685. Return on sales, % (R etc )0.000.020.026. The share of revenue in the cost of output (Degrees BP )0.9350.9870.0527. Material return, rub. (MO) 2.4822.238-0.2448. Profit per ruble of material costs, rub. (PMZ )-0,0060,0350,040

Based on the calculations presented in Table 27, we can conclude that the production under consideration is not highly material-intensive.

So, in the case under consideration in table 2.28, in the previous period, the share of proceeds in the volume of issue amounted to 0.935, and in the reporting period it exceeded 1 and amounted to 0.987, this was due to carry-over balances of previous years.

5. Analysis of costs and production costs

The purpose of the analysis of the cost of production is to identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of the use of all types of resources in the process of production and marketing of products.

The main tasks of the analysis of the cost of production of the enterprise are as follows:

assessment of the dynamics of the most important cost indicators and the implementation of the plan for them;

determination of factors affecting the dynamics of indicators and the implementation of the plan, the magnitude and causes of deviations of actual costs from planned ones;

assessment of the dynamics and implementation of the plan at cost in the context of elements and cost items, the cost of the most important products;

identification of missed opportunities to reduce the cost of production.

The objects of analysis of the cost of production are the following indicators:

total cost marketable products in general and by cost elements;

costs per ruble of products;

the cost of individual products;

individual cost items;

responsibility center costs.

The cost price in the market conditions is one of the main qualitative indicators of the activity of an economic entity and its structural divisions and the most important indicator of the economic efficiency of production.

At the first stage of the analysis, it is necessary to investigate the planned and actual cost of the reporting year for the main types of manufactured products and the corresponding actual indicator of the previous period. It is necessary to determine the planned and actual change in the cost of production compared to the previous period.

To do this, it is necessary to calculate the cost of the corresponding period (past, plan and fact of the reporting year) for the main types of products as the sum of the products of the unit cost of the i-th type of product in rubles for the corresponding output of the i-th type of product in conventional units. For the calculation, it is advisable to compile analytical tables 29 and 30.

Table 29 - Calculation of the planned change in the cost of production compared to the previous period

Product type Cost of a unit of production, thousand rubles. Planned output, pieces. Costs for planned output, thousand rubles. (Z) last yearaccording to the plan of the reporting yearat the cost of the previous yearaccording to the planned cost of the reporting yearChanges to the previous year, % A37.4938.25139052111.153167.52.03B38.8540.05143655788.657511.83.09S44.1646.0098043280.840 8435.55198669192.2470602.32.04E23.0424.00124828753.92299524.17Totalxx7040249122.66256313.62.89

Table 30 - Calculation of the actual change in the cost of production compared to the previous period

Product typeCost unit products, thousand rubles Actual output, units Costs for actual output at cost, thousand rubles ,0544,6138653846,155509,361871,04С44,1646,046,0698043276,84508045138,8Д34,8435,643,24207672327,8473801,889766,24Е23,0424,033,3129329790,723103242992,25Итогоххх7115250977,7258208,1300709,13 Based on the calculations (table 29), we can conclude that, compared with the cost of the previous year, the organization planned an increase in the amount of 7190.94 thousand rubles. or 2.89%. The largest increase was planned for product C, whose share in the total planned production volume is 7190.94 thousand rubles. or 2.89%

This increase completely falls on the change in the cost of a unit of production for the relevant types, since the planned volume of production is taken into account in the calculation.

Depending on the change in the volume of production, costs are divided into variable and fixed.

Variable costs - depend on the volume of production and change in direct proportion to changes in the volume of production. It should be borne in mind that the variable costs per unit of output are constant, and the total variable costs have a linear relationship with the volume of production.

Fixed costs - costs that do not depend on the dynamics of production volume over a certain period of time. These include: depreciation deductions, salaries of management personnel, expenses for heating and lighting of premises, rent, cash expenses for administrative and economic needs, etc.

Level fixed costs per unit of output, being unchanged for the total volume of production, tends to decrease relative to an increase in output and, conversely, to increase relative to a decrease in output.

Considering the behavior of variable and fixed costs, it is necessary to delineate the relevant period: cost structure, total fixed costs and variable costs per unit of output are unchanged only in a certain period and for a certain number of sales.

The cost of a unit of production is defined as the sum of specific variable costs and the amount of fixed costs per unit of output.

Factor analysis is carried out by the method of chain substitutions according to the following factorial model:

C = W with: K + Z v ,

where C is the unit cost of production;

Z with - fixed costs;

Z v - specific variable costs.

Table 31 - Analysis of the unit cost of production A

IndicatorPrevious periodReporting period (actual) Absolute deviation Volume of production, pcs. (K)13901380-10Total amount of fixed costs, thousand rubles. (Z c )20210.6020106.60-104.0 Specific variable costs, thousand rubles (Z v )22.9529.596.64 Unit cost products, thousand rubles (С)37.4925.114.28

Table 32 - Factor analysis of the cost of production A

Calculation of the influence of the factorInfluence value, rub.С pl = W with pl x K pl +Z v pl = 37.49C conv1 = W with pl x K f +Z v pl = 37.6C conv2 = W with f x K f +Z v pl = 37.5С f = W with f x K f +Z v f = 44.16C common = C f x C pl =C to +NW with +NW v -12.38C to = C cond.1 x C pl = 0.11SZ v =C f x C conv.2 = -12SZ with = C cond.2 x C conv1 -0,1

The classification of costs by economic elements is based on the sign of economic homogeneity of costs, regardless of where these costs were incurred.

The share of certain types of costs in different industries is different. Knowing the cost structure, we can draw conclusions about what kind of production is: material-intensive, labor-intensive, capital-intensive, etc.

The cost structure makes it possible to identify areas for cost reduction and, consequently, to identify growth reserves.

The analysis algorithm can be represented as follows:

the total amount of costs according to the plan and after the fact is determined;

the absolute deviation is calculated according to the cost estimate;

the actual costs of the reporting period are compared with the actual costs of the previous period;

the absolute deviation for each economic element and the specific weight of each cost element are determined.

The results of the analysis of the cost of production by cost elements are presented in table 33.

The cost structures are shown in Figures 9, 10, 11.

Figure 9 - Cost structure by cost elements in fact in the previous period

Figure 10 - The cost structure by cost elements according to the plan in the reporting period

Figure 11 - Cost structure by cost elements in fact in the reporting period

Table 33 - Analysis of the cost of production by cost elements

Cost elementsPrevious year Plan of the reporting year Actually in the reporting year ,093393521,8835109244,5035,02,00,00Отчисления на социальные нужды40219,6511,2231797,4411,937143,1311,900,680,00Амортизация основных средств25092,47716032,32618727,636-10Прочие затраты6380,661,78267,210,13433,401 .10-0.681.00Total by cost elements358463.91100267205.37100312127.14100хх

Based on the calculations presented in Table 27, we can conclude that the production under consideration is not highly material-intensive.

Thus, the share of material costs in the cost of production in the reporting year amounted to 47.75% in the previous 48.4%.

These values ​​are not high, but one should pay attention to their growth and note that the value of material costs is growing at a faster rate than the cost.

There is an increase in the total material consumption from 46 kopecks to 38 kopecks, which can be considered normal growth in terms of changes in the main indicators of the organization's activities.

According to private indicators of material consumption, there is also an increase, the largest of which is 0.051 rubles. the change is due to raw material consumption.

The change in profit per ruble of material costs by 0.382 rubles, calculated by the method of absolute differences, occurred due to: - a change in the profitability of sales by + 0.373 rubles. rub.;

changes in the share of revenue in the cost of output by + 0.0064 rubles. rub.;

change in material efficiency by + 0.0157 rubles. rub. This model takes into account the discrepancy between the proceeds from the sale of products and the volume of production.

So, in the case under consideration in table 28, in the previous period, the share of proceeds in the volume of issue amounted to 1.295, and in the reporting period it exceeded 1 and amounted to 1.162, this was due to carry-over balances of previous years.

This increase is fully accounted for by the change in the unit cost of production for the respective types, since the planned production volume is taken into account in the calculation.

The largest increase was planned for product C, whose weight in the total planned production volume is 13.92%

The cost of the actual output of the reporting year at the level of the cost of the actual last year amounted to 250977.66, according to the planned cost of the reporting year 258208.1 thousand rubles, the actual - 300709.13 thousand rubles.

Based on the calculations (Table 29), the actual cost overrun against the level of the previous year amounted to 49,731.47 thousand rubles.

It should be noted that the increase in output compared to the planned value by 75 pcs. or 1.1%.

For all types of products, there is an increase in the unit cost compared to the planned values, with the exception of product C, noted above, the actual cost of which decreased and the production volume did not reach the planned value of 980 units.

Based on the calculations made in table 2.31, the unit cost of production A in the previous period was 29.5, and in the reporting period 25.11 thousand rubles.

An increase in the volume of production A by 10 pcs. gave a decrease in unit cost by 0.11 rubles, an increase in specific variable costs from 22.95 rubles. up to 29.59 rubles. upon the fact of the reporting period gave an increase in unit cost by 12 rubles. Increase in fixed costs by 104 thousand rubles. gave an increase in cost by 0.1 rubles.

Based on the analysis of the cost by cost elements, it can be concluded that the structure can be recognized as balanced.

The largest share is occupied by material costs, which in the reporting period amounted to 46% and increased by 1% compared to the previous period, and also exceed the target figure of 47% by 1%.

This increase can be considered significant and the organization should investigate this figure more closely. Labor costs in the reporting period decreased by 2% compared to the previous period and amounted to 109,244.5 thousand rubles in the reporting period. or 35%, according to the plan 93521.88% thousand rubles. or 35% As defined above, the organization is experiencing an increase in labor productivity indicators, which is supported by a decrease in labor costs and is a positive effect of economic activity. There is a proportional decrease in social contributions, the share of which in fact in the reporting period amounted to 11.9%. The share of other costs in the previous period was 1.78%, according to the plan of the reporting period 0.1%, while in fact this value was significantly exceeded and amounted to 1.1%. It is necessary to study in more detail the reasons for such a significant excess of planned values ​​and the validity of accounting for other expenses in the organization.

Analysis of financial results of economic activity

identification of factors, the action of which led to a change in the indicators of financial results and profit growth reserves;

development of measures to maximize the profit of the enterprise; development of proposals for the use of enterprise profits after taxation.

To achieve the goals set in the process of analyzing financial results, the following tasks are solved:

development of an information mechanism for the analysis of financial results, allowing timely receipt of reliable and complete information for its implementation in various directions and relevant levels, aspects and sections;

analysis and evaluation of the achieved level of profit of the enterprise in absolute and relative terms;

analysis of the impact on the financial results of inflationary processes in the economy and changes in regulatory and legislative acts in the field of formation of costs and financial results of the enterprise;

analysis of the relationship between costs, production volume and profit in order to maximize its value;

analysis of the use of profits;

forecasting financial results and developing measures to achieve them.

The analysis begins with the study of the structure and dynamics of financial results (table 34).

An analysis of other income and expenses is presented in table 35.

Table 34 - Analysis of the structure and dynamics of financial results

IndicatorPrevious yearFiscal yearChangeAmount, thousand rubles. weight,% amount, thousand rubles.ud. weight, % amount, thousand rubles Growth rate, % share, % Income from ordinary activities (revenue)36640495.96373732.2095.097328.12.00-0.87 87Total income381829100.00393013.5100.0011184.32.93хExpenses from ordinary activities (cost, selling and administrative expenses)358463.9196.50312127.1394.87-46336.87-12.93-1.64Other expenses12950.01808 , 005,133897.030.001.64th spending 371453.911100329014,13100-42439.8-11.43XACHILAS FROM SAME7940,2176,5361605,0796,3053664,95,EAL.AV before taxation10375.2100.00639, 56x

Table 35 - Analysis of the dynamics of change and the structure of other income and expenses for two years

Other income and expenses, thousand rubles. Previous periodReporting periodDeviation of the reporting period from the previous period thous. RUB structure, %ths. RUB structure, %ths. rub. structure, % plan fact deviation plan fact deviation Other income, total sale of the company's assets433528.101408012800-128068.3066.39-1.91846538.28fines, penalties, penalties received00.0015015-1350.70.08-0.65150.08insurance compensation1400.9080000.00.00-140-0.9 received free of charge assets1000.64801101100.00.6110-0.1 Other expenses, total

The graph of the analysis of other income and expenses is presented in Figure 12

Figure 12 - Actual structure of other income and expenses in the reporting year

Table 36 - Dynamics of profit indicators for two years

IndicatorPrevious period, RUB thousand Reporting period, RUB thousand Absolute change, RUB thousand Growth rate, % Gross profit18320.2173023.0754702.86298.59 3253594.11516.56Net profit8300.1651175.4642875.30516.56

The main objective of the analysis of profit from sales is to assess the impact of individual factors on its change compared to the previous year.

The change in profit (loss) from sales in the reporting year compared to the previous year is influenced by changes in the following factors: prices for products sold; physical volume of sold products and structure; cost of goods sold; business expenses; management expenses.

The methodology for calculating the impact of factors on profit includes the following calculations.

First, it is necessary to take into account the impact of price changes on products. Price change index (J c ) for the main product range is given in the initial data of the corresponding option.

Sales revenue in the reporting year in comparable prices is determined by the formula:

where - revenue from sales of the reporting year, in comparable prices;

Sales revenue in the reporting year, in current prices;

Jц - price change index.

Calculate the change in sales revenue in the reporting year compared to the previous year due to price changes.

where? - change in sales revenue of the reporting year due to price changes.

I factor:

where - change in the amount of profit due to price changes;

Profitability of sales of the previous year.

Return on sales of the previous year is determined by the formula:

where - profit from sales of the previous year;

Sales revenue from the previous year.

II factor:,

where - change in the amount of profit from sales due to changes in the physical volume and structure of products.

III factor:,

where - change in the amount of profit due to changes in the cost of goods sold;

JСo, JСб - the share of the cost in sales proceeds, respectively, in the reporting and previous periods, %.

IV factor:,

where - change in the amount of profit due to changes in selling expenses;

JKo, JKb - the share of commercial expenses in the sales proceeds, respectively, in the reporting and previous periods, %.

V factor:,

where - change in the amount of profit due to changes in management costs;

J Wo , J Ub - share of management expenses in sales proceeds, respectively, in the reporting and previous periods, %.

Checking the correctness of the factor analysis of profit from sales is carried out in a balance way:

P=?Pu+?Pc+?Ps?Search+?Pc.

An increase (decrease) in the cost of goods sold, commercial and administrative expenses reduce (increase) profit.

Calculations are summarized in table 37.

Table 37 - Factors affecting the change in sales profit

Factors Change in the factor in the reporting period, thousand rubles Change in profit due to changes in prices 158.80 Change in profit due to changes in the volume and structure of products 0.00 management expenses704.00Total change in sales profit55325.66

The next step is to analyze the use of profits.

Analytical indicators characterizing the dividend policy of the organization are the dividend rate and the indicator of the share of dividend payments in net profit.

The dividend rate is calculated as follows:

where, Сd - dividend rate, %;

NAV - average annual cost net assets or the amount of equity capital, rub.

The share of dividend payments is calculated by the formula:

Dnp - share of dividend payments, %;

D - the amount of dividends, rubles;

PE - net profit, rub.

For analysis, analytical tables 38, 39 should be compiled.

Table 38 - Analysis of the use of net profit in dynamics for two years

IndicatorPrevious yearReporting yearNet profit of the reporting year, thousand rubles: 8300.1651175.46 - used to increase reserve capital; 7470.1548616.68 - used to pay dividends.

Table 39 - Calculation of the dividend rate for the reporting period

Indicator Reporting year Average annual value of net assets, thousand rubles 80,000.00 Dividends paid, thousand rubles 2558.77 Average dividend rate, %3.198

The average dividend rate in the reporting year was 3.2%.

In conclusion of the section, we will analyze the profitability indicators.

Profitability is the degree of profitability, profitability, profitability of a business. Profitability is measured using a whole system of relative indicators that characterize the efficiency of the organization, the profitability of various activities, the profitability of the production of certain types of products and services. Profitability indicators more fully than profit identify the final results of economic activity, because their value reflects the ratio of the effect to the invested capital or consumed resources.

The profitability of the main activity shows how profitable the main activity of the enterprise is. It is calculated as the ratio of profit from sales to the costs incurred in the manufacture of this product.

The profitability of sales shows how many kopecks of profit fall on each ruble of the organization's revenue. The profitability ratio of sales is the ratio of profit from sales to revenue.

The return on assets characterizes the efficiency of using all the property of the organization. It is calculated as the ratio of profit before tax (or net profit) to the average annual value of all assets of the enterprise.

Return on equity is a measure of profitability that characterizes the return on equity. It is calculated as the ratio of net profit to the average annual value of equity capital.

Return on permanent capital is a profitability indicator that reflects the efficiency of using permanent capital. Return on permanent capital is calculated as the ratio of the company's net profit to the average annual value of equity capital and long-term loans.

The results of the calculations are summarized in the analytical table 40.

Table 40 - Dynamics of profitability indicators

Name of indicatorPrevious yearReporting yearAbsolute changeReturn on core activities, %2,2820,518.21Return on sales, %2,1716,514.32Return on assets, %2,6613.5010.84Return on equity, %11,0763,9752.90Return on permanent capital, % 7.5542.3334.78

In the reporting year, compared with the previous period, there is an increase in all calculated profitability indicators, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of the organization.

The largest growth is accounted for by the return on permanent capital and amounts to 34.78% and the return on equity, which in the reporting period amounted to 63.97%

This growth is due to the growth of net profit by 42875.3 thousand rubles. Positive is the growth of profitability of core activities to 20.49%

The organization's income is represented to a greater extent - 95.09% by income from ordinary activities in the reporting period. Other income amounted to 19281.25 thousand rubles. or 4.91%. In comparison with the previous period, the structure of the organization's income has not changed much.

It should be noted the overall growth of the organization's income by 2.93% in proportion to both income from ordinary activities and other income.

On the positive side, the organization's expenses are growing at a slower pace than revenues. The increase in total expenses amounted to 11.43%: for ordinary activities - 12.93%, for other - 30%.

A sharp increase in other expenses provides a prerequisite for a more detailed study of their structure and the reasons for this growth.

Other expenses of the organization are represented by proceeds from the sale of assets - 28.1%, proceeds from the lease of assets - 70.34% and insurance compensation - 0.91% in the previous period and proceeds from the sale of assets - 66.39%, proceeds from the lease of assets lease of assets - 32.97% and received fines, penalties, forfeits - 0.08%.

Proceeds from the lease of property in the reporting period exceeded the planned values ​​by 1.99%, while proceeds from the sale of assets did not reach the planned value of 68.3% and amounted to 12,800 thousand rubles.

In turn, other expenses are represented by expenses for the sale of assets 71.18%, which is 26.99% lower than in the previous period, however, in absolute terms, this element increased by 6280 thousand rubles. and the planned value was exceeded by 1803 thousand rubles.

Expenses from the lease of property have increased significantly compared to the previous period by 2289 thousand rubles. and amounted to 4531 thousand rubles, their share in total other expenses is the largest and amounts to 30.31%.

The organization, both in the past and in the reporting periods, received positive financial results. Compared to the previous period, there was an increase in all indicators of profit.

The most important is the increase in profit from sales as a performance indicator, the growth of which amounted to 675.86%.

This growth is primarily due to an increase in sales proceeds by 7,328.08 thousand rubles, which is growing at a faster rate than the cost.

The main objective of the analysis of profit from sales is to assess the impact of individual factors on its change compared to the previous year.

Thus, the greatest impact on the change in profit from sales had a reduction in cost.

The share of dividend payments in the reporting year was 5%, and in the previous year 10%.

This growth is due to the growth of net profit by 42875.3 thousand rubles. Positive is the growth of profitability of the main activity up to 20.49%.

Conclusion

Analysis of economic activity plays an important role in improving the economic efficiency of the organization, in its management, in strengthening its financial condition.

We carried out a comprehensive analysis of the economic activity of DOK-8 LLC, the main part of which consists of 6 sections, for which we came to the following conclusions:

Analysis of production and sales of products:

According to the analysis of production in physical terms (table 2.1), first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the decrease in on-farm consumption of products, in fact, compared with the plan by 30 pcs.

This growth, in turn, had an impact on the decrease in the indicator of production volume for sale. According to the presented data for product B, there is a decrease in production volumes with a decrease in actual on-farm consumption

The plan for production E was overfulfilled by 3.63%. For other types, it is underfulfilled, except for products C and D.

The actual manufactured products for all types and the volume of production for sale increased by 105 units.

According to the analysis in table 2.2, the volumes of manufactured and sold products increased by 57.79% and 73.02%, respectively.

The average annual growth rate was 33.12% for output and 48.34% for sales.

The chain growth rates of production volumes are uneven over the years, despite the general upward trend from year to year compared to the base period.

Thus, the plan for the range of products at the enterprise in question has not been fulfilled. It is necessary to pay attention to products C, the plan for which was not fulfilled by 2%, which has a negative impact on the implementation of the plan for the assortment, as well as those types of products for which the plan was overfulfilled, especially products D, the plan for which was overfulfilled by 6, nine %.

It is necessary to make sure that the produced volume of these types of products finds sufficient demand and will be sold by the enterprise.

From table 2.5 it follows that there was a decrease in the volume of output due to structural changes by -524.73 thousand rubles, which has a negative impact on the performance of the organization.

This decrease is due to a decrease in the share of more expensive products - products B, C, D, respectively, which is not offset by an increase in the share of other types of products.

The data obtained make it possible to estimate the deviation of the conditional volume of output for the actual output, the planned price and the planned structure. This change will amount to 3224.7 thousand rubles.

Taking into account the influence of two factors on the volume of production, the changes will amount to 2699.97 thousand rubles. For the total output, there is a deviation in the amount of 2699.97 thousand rubles.

As can be seen from Table 2.6, due to structural shifts in the volume of output, the average price per unit of output decreased by 70 thousand rubles. rubles, the change in the volume of output due to structural changes is determined as the product of the change in the average price by the actual output in the reporting period. According to the analyzed data, there was a decrease due to the considered factor by 498.05 thousand rubles.

According to table 7, the coefficient of rhythm was 83.01%.

The desired value of the rhythm coefficient should be equal to 1. In this case, the deviation from the desired value is not significant, however, it creates the prerequisites for a more detailed analysis and elimination of the causes of this deviation.

Based on the data in Table 7, the coefficient of variation will be 0.4593.

Thus, if the production rhythm is 83.01% with an average quarterly deviation of 45.93%, this production can be recognized as rhythmic, since the deviations from the norm are not large.

Analysis of the effectiveness of the use of fixed assets:

Based on the data presented in tables 2.8, 2.9, in the reporting period, the value of fixed assets at the beginning of the year amounted to 232875 thousand rubles, at the end of the year the cost increased by 11731 thousand rubles. and amounted to 244606 thousand rubles.

In both reporting periods, fixed assets are represented only by funds of the main type of activity.

Based on the data presented in Table 2.10, for the previous period, machinery and equipment underwent the most changes by 2263 thousand rubles. or 3.86%

Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the structure of the BPF in the context of the two reporting periods has not undergone major changes.

The share of the active part at the end of the reporting period was 55.95%, passive, in turn, 50.32%, at the end of the previous period 50.26% and 49.74%, respectively.

This ratio can be considered optimal. However, when analyzing the structure of the OPF, one should pay attention to the specifics of the activities of the organization in question, which often has a great influence on the composition and structure of the OPF.

The active part of the OPF is mostly represented by machinery and equipment, the share of which in the total cost amounted to 29.04% at the end of the reporting period and 26.12% of the previous one.

The largest share in the passive part is occupied by buildings and structures - 46.52% and 46% at the end of the reporting and base periods, respectively.

Observing the growth rates of the items in the OPF structure, we can conclude that in the active part in the reporting period there is an increase in all elements, with the exception of production and household inventory, the value of which slightly decreased by 0%.

In the passive part, there is a decrease in the cost of buildings and structures, the growth rate of which was 99.97% and 100.38%

respectively. However, this decrease can be considered insignificant.

Table 13 shows that during the reporting period, fixed assets in the amount of 23,927 thousand rubles were received, and 12,196 thousand rubles were withdrawn.

As can be seen from Table 2.14, the renewal ratio was 0.098 and 0.049 in the reporting and previous years, respectively. There is a positive trend to accelerate the renewal of the BPF.

In the case under consideration, renewal occurs at the expense of the active part, which can also be noted as a positive aspect of management, and in turn has a positive effect on the value of capital productivity.

The retirement rate in the reporting year was 0.052, which is higher than its value in the previous year by 0.02, however, this is offset by the receipt and general increase in the value of fixed assets. The retirement rate characterizes the degree of intensity of the retirement of fixed assets from production. Determining the change in this indicator for the analyzed period, it is necessary to identify the reasons for the departure and determine at the expense of what part it occurs. In the case under consideration, disposal occurs mainly in the active part, in the line "machinery and equipment".

The depreciation coefficient at the end of the reporting and the previous period amounted to 0.06 and 0.051, respectively, this value can be considered low, which is confirmed by the serviceability coefficient, which amounted to 0.94 and 0.949 at the end of the year.

The lower the value of the wear factor and the higher the service life, the better the condition of the BPF. High depreciation affects the costs associated with the repair and operation of fixed assets. A disproportionate increase in wear leads to a decrease in product output due to unscheduled downtime, a decrease in the competitiveness of products, an increase in the cost of production and a decrease in profits.

Based on the calculation presented in Table 15, it can be seen that the actual values ​​differ from the planned ones. Thus, the number of units of installed equipment is higher than planned by 5 units,

at the same time, the number of working days is actually lower by 1 day, which in turn leads to a decrease in the number of worked shifts by 4294, and the average duration of a working shift does not meet the planned value and is 7.95 hours.

The time the equipment is under repair and upgrade is 1620 hours higher than planned and is 1470 hours. Also in the reporting period, downtime was recorded in the amount of 155 hours. At the same time, the actual output of products is slightly higher than planned by 18,559 thousand rubles. Thus, all these deviations give changes in the time of use of the equipment.

However, the organization should pay attention to reducing equipment downtime and matching the planned and actual time spent on repairs.

The integral load factor was 1.061, which is a rather high indicator and confirms the rather high efficiency of equipment use. According to Table 16, there is an increase in almost all of the presented indicators: revenue, a proportional increase in the cost of production and profit from sales.

The share of depreciation in the cost of output increased by 1.192 and amounted to 4.425 kopecks. for one ruble of production. Compared to the previous year, the return on assets increased by -0.019 rubles. This change may be due to an increase in prices for manufactured products.

The average annual cost of fixed assets also increased by 7453 thousand rubles. and amounted to 238,740.5 thousand rubles in the reporting year.

The decrease in capital-labor ratio by 4.33% is due to a rather large increase in the average number of employees of the organization by 15 people.

As can be seen from Table 18, almost all the analyzed factors have a positive effect on the value of capital productivity of fixed assets.

The increase in capital productivity was -0.019. The increase in the share of the active part of fixed assets by 1.67 gave an increase in capital productivity by 0.053, while the increase in capital productivity of the active part of fixed assets by -0.14 had a greater impact -0.072.

The total impact of these factors gave an increase in sales proceeds by 7328.08 thousand rubles.

3. Analysis of the efficiency of the use of labor resources:

As can be seen from Table 2.19, the personnel of the organization under consideration are represented only by the personnel of the main activity.

The number of personnel in the main activity in the reporting year increased by 5.13% compared to the planned indicators and by 7.89% compared to the previous year. h.

The same trend is observed in the change in the number of all categories of employees. This can serve as an indicator that the organization uses extensive factors of production development.

Table 20 shows that the total turnover of the labor force in the organization can be considered normal, but the increase in turnover on retirement by 1.9512 is a negative point.

The staff turnover rate of 0.51 is quite low, which indicates the effectiveness of the organization's workforce management.

From the data in Table 21, we can conclude that more efficient use of working time was planned.

Each member of the labor collective in the reporting year was supposed to work 205.3 days, however, the attendance fund of working hours decreased by 1.8 days and amounted to 203.5 days.

With the exception of annual leave and study leave, there is an excess of planned values ​​for all items of absenteeism.

Based on the nominal duration of the work shift, the working time budget in the reporting period amounted to 1628 hours, which is 14.4 hours less than the planned figure.

Intra-shift downtime of 120 hours also had a negative impact on the average working day, which was 7.38 hours.

As can be seen from Table 22, the enterprise uses the available labor resources insufficiently. Using the method of absolute differences, we determine the factors that influenced this deviation. At the analyzed enterprise, the actual fund of working time is more than planned:

due to a change in the number of 16482.34 hours;

due to the different number of days worked for 6717.44 hours;

due to the different duration of the shift at 2850.58 hours."

PRVtot = -1366.86 h;

CD = -6717.44 h;

BC = -5350.58 h;

BC = -5350.58 h;

total losses

working hours

Based on the results of the analysis presented in Table 24, the specific labor intensity decreased in the reporting period compared to the plan by -0.19%.

This is a positive moment and is due to the faster growth in the volume of output (6.13%) over the time worked by all workers (6.33%), which reflects an increase in labor productivity due to intensive factors.

The average hourly output is an indicator that is the inverse of labor intensity, which increased by 0.19% compared to the planned one. It is necessary to study the change in this indicator more widely.

Comparison of the average annual output per worker in the reporting and previous periods allows us to conclude that labor productivity has declined.

The growth rate was 5.32% or 79.25 thousand rubles per person. The rate of decline in average annual output per worker is higher than the growth rate per worker.

Despite the increase in the share of workers in the total number by 1%, the productivity indicators of all workers are higher.

Factor analysis results:

the impact of the increase in the share of workers in the total number of employees by 0.01 amounted to 18.05 thousand rubles;

the impact of an increase in the number of days worked by one worker per year on day 2 amounted to 12.2 thousand rubles;

the impact of the increase in the average length of the working day by -0.02 amounted to -4.77 thousand rubles;

the impact of the growth of average hourly output per worker by 0.04 amounted to 53.78 thousand rubles. Thus, the total influence of factors: 79.25 thousand rubles.

As can be seen from table 26, a decrease in labor costs in the amount of 15,722.61 thousand rubles. is associated by 96.79% with a decrease in the wages of workers and by 3.21% with a decrease in the wages of employees.

In the variable part of the cost of wages for workers, the largest share is the decrease in direct wages per unit of output, which is associated with a change in tariff rates. In the constant part of labor costs, the largest change also occurred in tariff rates in the direction of their reduction.

Analysis of the efficiency of the use of material resources of the enterprise:

Based on the calculations presented in Table 27, we can conclude that the production under consideration is not highly material-intensive.

Thus, the share of material costs in the cost of production in the reporting year amounted to 48.42% in the previous year 45.37%. These values ​​are not high, however, one should pay attention to their growth and note that the value of material costs is growing at a faster rate than the cost .

There is an increase in the total material consumption from 43 kopecks to 45 kopecks, which can be considered normal growth in terms of changes in the main indicators of the organization's activities.

According to private indicators of material consumption, there is also an increase, the largest of which is 0.01 rubles. the change is due to raw material consumption.

The change in profit per ruble of material costs by 0.04 rubles, calculated by the method of absolute differences, occurred due to: - a change in the profitability of sales by + 0.04 rubles. rub.;

changes in the share of revenue in the cost of output by + 0.0003 rubles;

change in material efficiency by + 0.0005 rub. rub. This model takes into account the discrepancy between the proceeds from the sale of products and the volume of production.

So, in the case under consideration in table 28, in the previous period, the share of proceeds in the volume of issue amounted to 0.935, and in the reporting period it exceeded 1 and amounted to 0.987, this was due to carry-over balances of previous years.

Analysis of the cost of products, works and services:

Based on the calculations presented in Table 27, we can conclude that the production under consideration is not highly material-intensive.

Thus, the share of material costs in the cost of production in the reporting year amounted to 47.75% in the previous 48.4%.

These values ​​are not high, but one should pay attention to their growth and note that the value of material costs is growing at a faster rate than the cost.

There is an increase in the total material consumption from 46 kopecks to 38 kopecks, which can be considered normal growth in terms of changes in the main indicators of the organization's activities.

According to private indicators of material consumption, there is also an increase, the largest of which is 0.051 rubles. the change is due to raw material consumption.

The change in profit per ruble of material costs by 0.382 rubles, calculated by the method of absolute differences, occurred due to: - a change in the profitability of sales by + 0.373 rubles. rub.;

changes in the share of revenue in the cost of output by + 0.0064 rubles. rub.;

change in material efficiency by + 0.0157 rubles. rub. This model takes into account the discrepancy between the proceeds from the sale of products and the volume of production.

So, in the case under consideration in table 28, in the previous period, the share of proceeds in the volume of issue amounted to 1.295, and in the reporting period it exceeded 1 and amounted to 1.162, this was due to carry-over balances of previous years.

Based on the calculations (table 29), we can conclude that, compared with the cost of the previous year, the organization planned an increase in the amount of 7190.94 thousand rubles. or 2.89%. This increase is fully accounted for by the change in the unit cost of production for the respective types, since the planned production volume is taken into account in the calculation. The largest increase was planned for product C, whose share in the total planned production volume is 7190.94 thousand rubles. or 2.89%

This increase is fully accounted for by the change in the unit cost of production for the respective types, since the planned production volume is taken into account in the calculation.

The largest increase was planned for product C, whose weight in the total planned production volume is 13.92%

The cost of the actual output of the reporting year at the level of the cost of the actual last year amounted to 250977.66, according to the planned cost of the reporting year 258208.1 thousand rubles, the actual - 300709.13 thousand rubles.

Based on the calculations (Table 29), the actual cost overrun against the level of the previous year amounted to 49,731.47 thousand rubles.

It should be noted that the increase in output compared to the planned value by 75 pcs. or 1.1%.

For all types of products, there is an increase in the unit cost compared to the planned values, with the exception of product C, noted above, the actual cost of which decreased and the production volume did not reach the planned value of 980 units.

Based on the calculations made in table 31, the unit cost of production A in the previous period was 29.5, and in the reporting period 25.11 thousand rubles.

An increase in the volume of production A by 10 pcs. gave a decrease in unit cost by 0.11 rubles, an increase in specific variable costs from 22.95 rubles. up to 29.59 rubles. upon the fact of the reporting period gave an increase in unit cost by 12 rubles. Increase in fixed costs by 104 thousand rubles. gave an increase in cost by 0.1 rubles.

Based on the analysis of the cost by cost elements, it can be concluded that the structure can be recognized as balanced.

The largest share is occupied by material costs, which in the reporting period amounted to 46% and increased by 1% compared to the previous period, and also exceed the target figure of 47% by 1%.

This increase can be considered significant and the organization should investigate this figure more closely. Labor costs in the reporting period decreased by 2% compared to the previous period and amounted to 109,244.5 thousand rubles in the reporting period. or 35%, according to the plan 93521.88% thousand rubles. or 35%. As it was defined above, the organization is experiencing an increase in labor productivity indicators, which is supported by a decrease in labor costs and is a positive effect of economic activity.

There is a proportional decrease in deductions for social needs, the share of which in fact in the reporting period amounted to 11.9%.

The share of other costs in the previous period amounted to 1.78%, according to the plan of the reporting period 0.1%, while in fact this value was significantly exceeded and amounted to 1.1%.

It is necessary to study in more detail the reasons for such a significant excess of planned values ​​and the validity of accounting for other expenses in the organization.

Analysis of the financial results of the economic activity of the organization:

The objectives of the analysis of financial results are:

timely provision of the management of the enterprise and its financial and economic services with data that makes it possible to form an objective judgment about the results of the enterprise's activities;

in various fields management for the reporting year in comparison with the previous year, a number of past financial periods, with a business plan, the results of other enterprises;

The organization's income is represented to a greater extent - 95.09% by income from ordinary activities in the reporting period. Other income amounted to 19281.25 thousand rubles. or 4.91%. In comparison with the previous period, the structure of the organization's income has not changed much.

It should be noted the overall growth of the organization's income by 2.93% in proportion to both income from ordinary activities and other income.

On the positive side, the organization's expenses are growing at a slower pace than revenues. The increase in total expenses amounted to 11.43%: for ordinary activities - 12.93%, for other - 30%.

A sharp increase in other expenses provides a prerequisite for a more detailed study of their structure and the reasons for this growth.

Other expenses of the organization are represented by proceeds from the sale of assets - 28.1%, proceeds from the lease of assets - 70.34% and insurance compensation - 0.91% in the previous period and proceeds from the sale of assets - 66.39%, proceeds from the lease of assets lease of assets - 32.97% and received fines, penalties, forfeits - 0.08%.

Proceeds from the lease of property in the reporting period exceeded the planned values ​​by 1.99%, while proceeds from the sale of assets did not reach the planned value of 68.3% and amounted to 12,800 thousand rubles.

In turn, other expenses are represented by expenses for the sale of assets 71.18%, which is 26.99% lower than in the previous period, however, in absolute terms, this element increased by 6280 thousand rubles. and the planned value was exceeded by 1803 thousand rubles.

Expenses from the lease of property have increased significantly compared to the previous period by 2289 thousand rubles. and amounted to 4531 thousand rubles, their share in total other expenses is the largest and amounts to 30.31%.

The organization, both in the past and in the reporting periods, received positive financial results. Compared to the previous period, there was an increase in all indicators of profit.

The most important is the increase in profit from sales as a performance indicator, the growth of which amounted to 675.86%.

This growth is primarily due to an increase in sales proceeds by 7,328.08 thousand rubles, which is growing at a faster rate than the cost.

The main objective of the analysis of profit from sales is to assess the impact of individual factors on its change compared to the previous year.

Thus, the greatest impact on the change in profit from sales had a reduction in cost.

The share of dividend payments in the reporting year was 5%, and in the previous year 10%.

The average dividend rate in the reporting year was 3.2%.

In the reporting year, compared with the previous period, there is an increase in all calculated profitability indicators, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of the organization. The largest growth is accounted for by the return on permanent capital and amounts to 34.78% and the return on equity, which in the reporting period amounted to 63.97%

This growth is due to the growth of net profit by 42875.3 thousand rubles. Positive is the growth of profitability of core activities up to 20.49%.

financial economic sale

Bibliographic list

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Gilyarovskaya, L.T. Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity [Text]: textbook / L.T. Gilyarovskaya, D.V. Lysenko, D.A. Endovitsky. - M.: Prospekt, 2008. - 360 p.

Klimova, N.V. Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity [Text]: textbook. allowance / N.V. Klimov. - Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2009. - 269 p.

Comprehensive economic analysis of the enterprise [Text]: textbook / A.P. Kalinina [and others]; ed. N.V. Voitolovsky, A.P. Kalinina, I.I. Mazurova. - St. Petersburg. : Peter, 2010. - 569 p.

Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity [ Electronic resource]: electron. textbook / A.I. Alekseeva [i dr.]. - Electron. Dan. - M. : KNORUS, 2009. - 1 el. opt. disk: color, sound; 12 cm. - Electronic textbook.

Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity [Text]: textbook. allowance for econom. specialties / M. A. Vakhrushina [and others]; ed. M.A. Vakhrushina. - M.: Vuz. textbook, 2008. - 463 p.

Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity [Text]: textbook. allowance for the specialties "Accounting, analysis and audit", "Finance and credit", "Taxes and taxation" / A.I. Alekseeva [i dr.]. - M.: KnoRus, 2007. - 672 p.

Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity [Text]: textbook. allowance for econom. specialties / A.I. Alekseeva [i dr.]. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: KnoRus, 2009. - 688 p.

Lyubushin, N.P. Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity [Text]: textbook. manual for universities in the specialties "Accounting, analysis and audit", "Finance and credit" / N. P. Lyubushin. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M. : UNITI, 2006. - 445 p.

Savitskaya, G.V. Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise [Text]: Textbook / G.V. Savitskaya.- 3rd ed., revised. and add.-M.: INFRA-M, 2006. - 425s.

Chuev, I.N. Comprehensive economic analysis of financial and economic activity [Text]: textbook. for universities / I.N. Chuev, L.N. Chuev. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M. : Dashkov i K°, 2010. - 383 p.

Comprehensive analysis of economic activity

on the example of Favorit LLC

Introduction

1. Characteristics of the enterprise OOO Favorit

2. Analysis and evaluation of the balance sheet structure of the enterprise

2.1 Analysis of non-current assets

2.2 Analysis of current assets

2.2.1 The structure of the company's stocks

2.2.2 Vertical analysis of assets for 2006

2.2.3 Vertical analysis of assets for 2007

2.3 Analysis and assessment of the structure of liabilities

2.3.1 Vertical analysis of liabilities for 2006

2.3.2 Vertical analysis of liabilities for 2007

2.4 Analysis of the financial condition of Favorit LLC

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

Ensuring the effective functioning of organizations requires economically competent management of their activities, which is largely determined by the ability to analyze it. With the help of a comprehensive analysis, development trends are studied, the factors of change in performance results are deeply and systematically studied, business plans and management decisions are substantiated, their implementation is monitored, reserves for increasing production efficiency are identified, the performance of the enterprise is evaluated, and an economic strategy for its development is developed.

Comprehensive economic analysis is the scientific basis for making management decisions in business. To substantiate them, it is necessary to identify and predict existing and potential problems, production and financial risks, to determine the impact of decisions made on the level of risks and income of a business entity. Knowing the technique and technology of analysis, you can easily adapt to changes in the market situation and find the right solutions and answers. To ensure effective operation in modern conditions, management needs to be able to realistically assess the financial and economic condition of its enterprise, as well as the state of business activity of partners and competitors.

The purpose of this work is the study and calculation of indicators to determine the financial results of the enterprise on the example of Favorit LLC. To calculate indicators characterizing the financial results, solvency and financial stability of the enterprise, its liquidity, provision with own and working capital, as well as to calculate profitability indicators, it is necessary to conduct a complete analysis of the structure of the assets and liabilities of the enterprise, analysis of the main and working capital enterprises and sources of their formation. Based on the data obtained, calculate the necessary indicators and coefficients and draw the appropriate conclusions.

the main objective of this work - to investigate the financial condition of the enterprise LLC "Favorit".

Tasks:

Analysis of profit and profitability;

Preliminary review of the balance sheet and analysis of its liquidity;

Characteristics of the property of the enterprise: fixed and working capital and their turnover, identification of problems;

Characteristics of the sources of funds of the enterprise: own and borrowed;

Assessment of financial stability;

Calculation of liquidity ratios;

To solve the above tasks, the annual financial statements of Favorit LLC for 2006, 2007 are used, namely:

Balance sheet (form No. 1);

Profit and loss statement (Form No. 2);

Appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5).

The object of the study is the limited liability company "Favorite".

The subject of analysis is the financial processes of the enterprise and the final production and economic results of its activities.

In carrying out this analysis, the following techniques and methods will be used:

Horizontal analysis, vertical analysis,

Analysis of coefficients (relative indicators),

Comparative analysis.

This course work is a detailed calculation and analysis of the financial and economic activities of Favorit LLC.

1. Characteristics of the financial and economic activities of LLC"Favorite"

The main activity of Favorit LLC is the production and sale of woodworking products: lumber (lining, edged and unedged boards, etc.), as well as wood products (window frames, doors, door blocks, skirting boards, platbands, etc.). The purpose of Favorit LLC is to manufacture these products and meet the existing demand for it in the market of Uryupinsk and adjacent areas and, accordingly, to make a profit in the course of this activity. A charter fund has been created in Favorit LLC. The property of a limited liability company is formed from the contributions of participants, income received and other legal sources, and belongs to its participants on the basis of the right of shared ownership. The number of participants of Favorit LLC is 19 individuals. The supreme governing body of Favorit LLC is the meeting of participants. It solves the issues of determining the main areas of business activity, review and approval of estimates, reports and balance sheets, election and recall of the executive body and audit commission, determination of wage conditions officials, distribution of profits and determination of the procedure for covering losses, etc. executive body Ltd. "Favorite" is the director. His competence includes the development and implementation of goals, policies and strategies for achieving them, as well as the organization and management of the current activities of the company, the disposal of property, the hiring and dismissal of personnel. In 2007, the average number of employees of Favorit LLC was 62 people.

Favorit LLC produces a wide range of woodworking products, containing more than twenty items. Prices for the manufactured products of Favorit LLC are similar to those of competing firms.

2. Analysis and evaluation of the balance sheet structure of an enterprise

2.1 Analysis of non-current assets

Non-current assets are assets that commit in the process production activities one turn. Analysis and evaluation of non-current assets is made in terms of profit. The purpose of the analysis is to identify reserves and ways to obtain or increase this profit. It is important to note that non-current assets do not directly generate profit, but affect it indirectly, through fixed assets in conjunction with other assets. One of the most important factors in increasing the volume of production by industrial enterprises is the provision of their fixed assets (fixed production assets) in the required quantity and assortment and their effective use, since they are the basis for economic and production activities. The economic essence of the main production assets lies in the fact that they repeatedly participate in the production process, transfer their value to the cost of the manufactured (produced) products and do not lose their natural-material form in the production process (they retain their consumer value and natural form).

In the standard classification, the main production assets are grouped according to the nature of participation and in-kind forms:

1. Buildings (construction and architectural objects for industrial purposes (buildings of workshops, enterprise services, etc.);

2. Structures (engineering and construction facilities that perform technical functions that are not related to a change in circulating production assets (objects of labor) - roads, flyovers, tunnels, bridges, etc.);

3. Power machines and equipment (objects intended for the generation and distribution of energy (generators, electric motors, internal combustion engines, etc.));

4. Working machines and equipment (directly involved in the technological process, affecting the objects of labor (metal-cutting machines, presses, hammers, thermal furnaces, etc.));

5. Measuring and control instruments and devices, laboratory equipment (designed for regulation, measurement and control technological processes, laboratory testing and research);

6. Computer technology (a set of tools for accelerating and automating calculations and decision-making);

7. Other machines and equipment (machines and equipment not included in the listed groups (fire engines, equipment of telephone exchanges, etc.));

8. Vehicles: railway, automobile, water, aviation (they carry out the movement of people and goods within the enterprise and outside it (electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, cars, etc.));

9. Transmission devices (objects intended for the transformation, transmission and movement of energy (electricity and heating networks, gas networks that are not the main part of the building));

10. Other fixed production assets (objects of fixed production assets not included in the above groups).

Analysis tasks:

· Determining the security of the enterprise and its structural divisions with fixed assets and the level of their use according to general and particular indicators;

Identification of the causes of changes in their level;

· Calculation of the impact of the use of fixed assets on the volume of production and other indicators;

Studying the degree of use production capacity enterprises and equipment;

· Establishment of reserves for increasing the efficiency of the use of fixed assets.

Sources of information: business plan of the enterprise, technical development plan, form No. 1 "Balance sheet of the enterprise", form No. 5 "Appendix to the balance sheet of the enterprise", form No. 11 "Report on the availability and movement of fixed assets", form BM "Balance of production capacity" , data on the revaluation of fixed assets, inventory cards of fixed assets, design and estimate documentation, technical documentation and etc.

By ownership, fixed assets are divided into own and leased. On the basis of use, fixed assets are classified into those that are: in operation (operating); in reconstruction and technical re-equipment; in stock (reserve); on conservation. This grouping provides for the calculation of depreciation amounts. In accounting and reporting, there are three methods for assessing fixed assets (depreciation): at initial, residual and replacement cost. Generally, the cost method is used. Depending on the degree of direct impact on the objects of labor, the main production assets of enterprises are divided into active and passive. The active part includes machines, equipment, measuring and control instruments and devices, etc. The passive part includes those groups of fixed assets that create conditions for the normal implementation of the production process (buildings, structures, transmission devices, etc.).

The proportion of the active part of fixed production assets characterizes the progressiveness of the structure. Let us determine the share of fixed assets for production purposes (the share of the active part of fixed assets) at the beginning and end of each year according to the following formula:

Share of the active part of fixed assets = value of the active part of fixed assets / value of fixed assets

For 2006

At the beginning of last year = 10190+3487+129 x 100% = 90.08%

At the end of last year = 10479+4521+154 x 100% = 91.06%

For 2007

At the beginning of the reporting year = 10479+4521+154 x 100% = 91.06%

At the end of the reporting year = 10036+5335+164 x 100% = 91.26%

Conclusion: the increase in the active part of fixed assets at the end of each year is due to the fact that for a given period of fixed assets received more than retired. There is a positive trend in the active part of fixed assets.

Considering that the share of fixed assets may also change due to the influence of external factors (for example, the procedure for their accounting, in which there is a delayed correction of the value of fixed assets in terms of inflation), it is necessary to pay attention to the change in indicators for the reporting period, which reflects the movement of fixed assets (depreciation and disposal of fixed assets, commissioning of new fixed assets).

Of great importance is the analysis of the movement and technical condition of fixed assets, which is carried out according to the data financial statements(form No. 5). For this, the following indicators are calculated:

Refresh Rate (Cobn):

Cobn = cost of received fixed assets / cost of fixed assets at the end of the period

For 2006

Kobn \u003d 842 + 1261 + 70 / 16641 x 100% \u003d 13.05%

For 2007

Cobn = 837/17022 x 100% = 4.9%

Conclusion: the share of new fixed assets in their total value at the end of 2007 decreased compared to 2006, that is, there was no intensive renewal, and, accordingly, the technical condition of fixed assets in the reporting year is worse.

Fixed assets renewal period (Tobn):

Tobn \u003d cost of fixed assets at the beginning of the period / cost of received fixed assets

For 2006

Tobn = 15327/2173 = 7.05

For 2007

Tobn = 16641/837 = 19.88

Conclusion: in 2007, the renewal period increased, which indicates the depreciation of fixed assets.

Retirement rate (Kv):

Kv = value of retired fixed assets / value of fixed assets at the beginning of the period

For 2006

Kv \u003d 859/15327 \u003d 0.05

For 2007

Kv \u003d 456 / 16641 \u003d 0.02

Conclusion: in 2007, compared to 2006, less fixed assets were retired, which is associated with an increase in profits and the renewal of fixed assets.

Wear coefficient (Kizn):

Kizn = amount of depreciation of fixed assets / initial cost of fixed assets

For 2006

Kizn = 11898/2173 = 5.47

For 2007

Kizn = 11348/837 = 13.56

Conclusion: fixed assets are being updated, this is due to the fact that the company has increased profits, through which you can purchase new fixed assets.

The most generalizing indicator of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets is the capital return - the ratio of profit from the main activity to the average annual cost of fixed assets:

Return on equity = operating profit / average annual cost of fixed assets

For 2006

Return on equity = 3877 ______ x 100% = 24.25%

(15327+16641)/2

For 2007

Return on equity = 5981 ______ x 100% = 35.53%

(16641+17022)/2

Conclusion: return on equity has increased significantly, which indicates the efficient use of fixed assets, and this, accordingly, entails an increase in profits.

The return on assets index characterizes the productivity of fixed production assets. The return on assets is defined as the ratio of the value of manufactured products to the average annual cost of fixed production assets:

Return on assets \u003d sales proceeds / average annual cost of fixed assets

For the last year

return on assets = 56646 ______ = 3,54

For the reporting year

return on assets = 77397 ______ = 4,6

Conclusion: the return on assets for the reporting year increased by 1.06 compared to the previous year, which is the result of the active operation of the equipment.

The capital intensity of production is an indicator opposite to the return on assets. Capital intensity is expressed as the ratio of the average annual cost of fixed assets to the cost of manufactured products. Capital intensity is determined by the following formula:

capital intensity = _____1______

return on assets

For 2006= ____1___ = 0,28; For 2007= ____1___ = 0,22

Conclusion: capital intensity has decreased, which is associated with the high efficiency of the use of fixed assets.

2.2 Analysis of current assets

The assets of the enterprise, which, as a result of its economic activity, completely transfer their value to the finished product, take part in the production process once, while changing the natural-material form, are called working capital - this is their economic essence. Working capital is a more mobile part of the assets. In each circuit, working capital goes through three stages: cash, production and commodity. At the first stage cash enterprises are used to purchase raw materials, materials, fuel, components, etc., necessary for the implementation of production activities.

In the second stage, inventories are converted into work in progress and finished products. The third stage is the process of selling products. The composition of working capital is divided into two components: working capital and circulation funds. The unification of circulating funds and circulation funds into a single system of circulating assets follows from the continuity of the advanced value along the three named stages of their circulation.

The composition of working capital assets includes:

Production stocks - stocks of raw materials, materials, components, fuel, containers, low-value and wear-resistant tools and household inventory worth less than 1 million rubles;

Work in progress and semi-finished products of own production are parts, assemblies and products that have not passed all stages of processing, assembly and testing, staffing and acceptance, as well as objects of labor, the manufacture of which is completely completed in one workshop and is subject to further processing in other workshops of the same enterprise ;

Deferred expenses are expenses for the preparation and development of new types of products produced in a given period, but subject to repayment in the future.

All elements of working capital, with the exception of low-value tools and inventory, work in progress and semi-finished products of their own manufacture, relate to material and energy resources. The amount of working capital that is part of working capital assets is determined primarily by the organizational and technical level of production and the duration of the production cycle of manufactured products. The second part of working capital includes circulation funds, consisting of finished products in the field of sales and cash assets of the enterprise. Circulation funds do not participate in the formation of value, but are carriers of already created value. The main purpose of circulation funds is to provide monetary resources with the rhythm of the circulation process.

The amount of working capital employed in the sphere of circulation depends on the conditions for the sale of products, the system of distribution of goods, the level of organization of marketing and sales of products.

To analyze the composition and structure of working capital, there is the following classification:

By areas of turnover:

a) are in the field of production;

b) are in the sphere of consumption;

According to the sources of formation and replenishment:

a) own and equivalent funds;

b) borrowed funds;

Planning specifics:

a) normalized

b) non-standardized

Industrial stocks - a set of natural-material elements of production used as objects of labor in the production and non-production areas of the enterprise. The structure of inventories includes raw materials and materials necessary for the production of products (services, road construction) for profit, work in progress (that is, when raw materials and materials are being processed) and finished products. A necessary condition for increasing production volumes, reducing its cost, increasing profits, profitability is the complete and timely provision of the enterprise with raw materials and materials of the required quantity and quality. The main indicator that characterizes the efficiency of the use of stocks is the turnover - the duration of the successive passage of funds through the individual stages of production and circulation. Inventory turnover can be determined in days and in turnover using the following formulas:

Cost of sales / average annual stocks

For 2006

Inventory turnover (in turnovers) = 42597 = 11.12 turns

For 2007

Inventory turnover (in turnovers) = 71416____ = 13.13 turns

(5371+5501)/2

360 days / inventory turnover (in turnovers)

For 2006

Inventory Turnover (in days) = 360 = 32 days

For 2007

Inventory Turnover (in days) = 360 = 27 days

Conclusion: in 2007, compared to 2006, the number of turnovers increased, and the turnover period decreased accordingly, which is considered a positive trend, as this leads to an increase in profits.

Turnover indicators are of great importance for assessing the financial condition of the enterprise, since the rate of conversion of working capital into cash has a direct impact on the solvency of the enterprise. In addition, an increase in the rate of turnover of funds, other things being equal, reflects an increase in the investment attractiveness of the enterprise.

For clarity, the structure of the company's reserves is presented in the form of the following table:

Table 2.2.1 Structure of the company's stocks

In the structure of Favorit LLC, the largest share is made up of raw materials and materials, which is explained by the specifics of the activity this enterprise- production activity requires more stocks of raw materials and materials. In 2007, compared to 2006, the share of raw materials and materials decreased by 2.35%. This is due to the fact that the production equipment is updated, and old technology does not require large expenditures (hence the decrease in turnover), respectively, the stocks of raw materials are used in a timely manner. Also in 2007, the share of deferred expenses increased by 2.35%. There are no costs in work in progress in 2007. When analyzing receivables, it is necessary to consider whether the receivable is genuine, that is, recoverable by law and due. The debt is considered genuine if the contract is concluded with a legal entity that has the right to conclude the relevant contract and is recoverable, if the customer has a stable financial position and sufficient liquidity to pay off the debt.

In the event of a long non-payment of receivables by the customer, it is necessary to analyze its financial and economic activities. If the indicators are unsatisfactory and it is not possible to repay the debt, then such debt is recognized as doubtful (or bad). A provision may be created for this debt. Then, the balance sheet item "Accounts Receivable" is reduced by the amount of the created reserve and this receivable is on the off-balance account for three years.

Under the liquidity of receivables understand the terms of payment for the work performed. The liquidity (turnover) ratio of receivables is defined as the ratio of the cost of work performed to the average annual receivables (this ratio shows how many turnovers receivables make). The liquidity (turnover) ratio of receivables in turnover is defined as the ratio of the average annual receivables to sales proceeds:

Accounts receivable turnover ratio = sales revenue / average annual receivables

For 2006

Turnover ratio

accounts receivable = 54646_______- = 7 turns

For 2007

Turnover ratio

accounts receivable = 77397_______ = 5 turns

(5924+25100)/2

The turnover ratio of receivables (or the ratio of its liquidity in turnover) is nothing more than an indicator of the turnover of funds in the calculations. The coefficient of repayment (liquidity) of receivables in days is nothing more than an indicator of the turnover of funds in the calculations (expressed in days). The receivables repayment ratio in days can be calculated using the following formula:

Accounts receivable redemption ratio = (average annual accounts receivable) x 365 / sales revenue x 1.2

For 2006

Redemption ratio

accounts receivable = 8205.5 x 365 = 2995007,5 = 45.67 days

54646 x 1.2 65575.2

For 2007

Redemption ratio

accounts receivable = 15512 x 365 = 5661880 = 61 days

77397 x 1.2 92876.4

Conclusions: the receivables turnover ratio for 2007 decreased by 2 turnovers, and the repayment ratio increased, which indicates an untimely settlement of buyers with the enterprise (the shorter the period, the higher the liquidity of this type of asset).

The intensity with which assets are used is measured using asset turnover ratios (reflects the ratio of sales to the total amount of assets). Each performance indicator - the volume of sales - is the first and essential step towards making a profit:

Asset turnover ratio = sales proceeds / total assets

For 2006

Asset turnover ratio = 54646 = 2,92

For 2007

Asset turnover ratio = 77397 = 2,01

Findings: in 2007, the asset turnover ratio decreased to 2.01.

Table 2.2.2 Vertical analysis of assets for 2006

Table 2.2.3. Vertical analysis of assets for 2007

Vertical analysis shows the structure of enterprise funds and their sources.

The year 2006 is generally characterized positively, as assets increased by 1,715 rubles, which was due to the purchase of new equipment (an increase of 6.3%), a decrease in accounts receivable by 30.09%, and a decrease in current assets by 34.8% .

In 2007, compared to 2006, there was a decrease in non-current assets - receipts decreased, as a result of which the share of fixed assets decreased by 13.27%, inventories increased in 2007 by 14.4%, accounts receivable increased by 33.76%. Assets increased by 19657 rubles. due to the growth of stocks, which is considered as a negative trend (inefficient inventory management), as this leads to an increase in storage and warehousing costs, and, consequently, a decrease in profits. In addition, the low rate of turnover of funds leads to a decrease in the investment attractiveness of the enterprise.

It is necessary to upgrade production equipment as much as possible to ensure efficient use of available materials, and also strive to ensure that resources are not stale in warehouses.

2.3 Analysis and assessment of the structure of liabilities

The management of the enterprise must have a clear idea of ​​what sources of resources it will use to carry out its activities and in which areas of activity it will invest its capital. Taking care of providing the business with the necessary financial resources is a key moment in the activity of any enterprise.

Therefore, the analysis of the sources of formation and placement of capital is extremely important.

Analysis tasks:

The study of the composition, structure and dynamics of the sources of formation of the capital of the enterprise;

Identification of factors of change in their value;

Determination of the cost of individual sources of capital raising and its weighted average price, as well as factors of change in the latter;

Assessment of the level of financial risk (ratio of debt and equity capital);

Assessment of the changes that have taken place in the liabilities side of the balance sheet in terms of increasing the level of financial stability of the enterprise;

Substantiation of the optimal variant of the ratio of own and borrowed capital.

Capital is the means that a business entity has to carry out its activities in order to make a profit.

The capital of the enterprise is formed both at the expense of its own (internal) and borrowed (external) sources.

The main source of financing is equity. It includes authorized capital, accumulated capital (reserve and additional capital, retained earnings) and other income ( special-purpose financing, charitable donations, etc.). The authorized capital is the amount of funds of the founders to ensure the statutory activities. On the state enterprises- this is the value of property assigned by the state to the enterprise on the basis of full economic management; at joint-stock enterprises - the nominal value of shares; in limited liability companies - the sum of the shares of the owners; at a leased enterprise - the amount of contributions of its employees, etc. The authorized capital is formed in the process of initial investment of funds. Contributions of founders to the authorized capital can be made in the form of cash, intangible assets, in property form. The value of the authorized capital is announced during the registration of the enterprise, and when adjusting its value, re-registration of the constituent documents is required.

Additional capital as a source of enterprise funds is formed as a result of the revaluation of property or the sale of shares above their nominal value. The reserve capital is created in accordance with the legislation or in accordance with the constituent documents at the expense of the net profit of the enterprise. It acts as an insurance fund to compensate for possible losses and protect the interests of third parties in case of insufficient profit to buy back shares, redeem bonds, pay interest on them, and so on. By its value judge the stock of financial strength of the enterprise. Its absence or insufficient value is considered as an additional risk factor for investing capital in this enterprise. To the means special purpose and target financing include donated values ​​from individuals and legal entities. The main source of replenishment of equity capital is the net (retained) profit of the enterprise, which remains in the company's turnover as an internal source of long-term self-financing. If the company is unprofitable, then equity is reduced by the amount of losses incurred. Retained earnings - the result of a deliberate decision of the enterprise and its voluntary refusal to distribute part of its profits. In well-performing enterprises, retained earnings over time take a leading place among the components of equity capital. Its amount may be several times higher than the size of the authorized capital. Let's determine the ratio of own and borrowed funds of the enterprise (often called the solvency ratio of the enterprise), used to characterize the financial stability of the enterprise. It is calculated using the following formula:

Debt / Equity

For 2006

Solvency ratio of the enterprise = 5665 = 0,43

For 2007

Solvency ratio of the enterprise = 6694 = 0,21

Financial dependency ratio = 1 / equity concentration ratio

For 2006

1_ = 2,32

For 2007

Financial dependency ratio = _ 1_ = 4,76

It can be seen from the calculations that the equity capital of the enterprise in question has significantly decreased, which led to an increase in the financial dependence ratio by 2.44. Unfortunately, the company is dependent on external creditors. Borrowed capital is loans from banks and financial companies, loans, accounts payable, leasing, commercial paper, etc. It is divided into long-term (more than a year) and short-term (up to a year). Long-term accounts payable include bank loans, debt, treasury bills and other loans with a maturity of more than 12 months. Long-term accounts payable are used for investments in the development of production capacities, as well as for long-term financial investments (in the form of shares), investments in subsidiaries, to buy back shares from shareholders and other investments. Short-term accounts payable are liabilities for goods, materials, services (purchased but not paid), as well as for unpaid taxes, wages, advances received, short-term bank loans, as well as a part of long-term accounts payable that is due in the reporting year.

Let us determine the creditors' risk ratio (financial stability ratio) according to the following formula:

Financial stability ratio = 1 / ratio of own and borrowed funds

For 2006

Financial stability ratio = _ 1_ = 0,76

For 2007

Financial stability ratio = __ 1_ = 0,27

In the reporting year, Favorit LLC observed a decrease in the financial stability ratio, which indicates an increase in the risk of creditors in paying obligations and negatively affects the financial side of the activity of the enterprise in question.

Let's determine the maturity of accounts payable (statute of limitations or turnover of accounts payable in days), as well as the liquidity ratio of accounts payable (turnover of accounts payable in turnover) according to the following formulas:

CV maturity (in days) = average annual CV x 365 / cost of sales

For 2006

Maturity of KZ (in days) = _ (13461+12949)/2 x 365_ = 205,48

For 2007

Maturity of KZ (in days) = __ (12949+19633)/2 x 365_ = 139,59

KZ turnover (in revolutions) = 365 / KZ maturity in days

For 2006

Short circuit turnover (in revolutions) = _ 365_ = 1,77

For 2007

Short circuit turnover (in revolutions) = _ 365_ = 2,61

In 2007, the maturity of accounts payable decreases to 139.59 days, which, accordingly, led to an increase in turnover to 2.61. Debtors settle accounts with the enterprise in a timely manner, which has a positive effect on the financial side of the activities of Favorit LLC. Finishing the section of the analysis of liabilities in the structure of the balance sheet of the enterprise, it is advisable to vertically and horizontally analyze the structure of liabilities.

Table 2.3.1 Vertical analysis of liabilities for 2006

Table 2.3.2 Vertical analysis of liabilities for 2007

Vertical analysis of LLC Favorit's balance sheet liability for 2006: retained earnings increased by 11.85%, as a result of a decrease in accounts payable. In general, in 2006 liabilities increased to 18,685 rubles.

In 2007, the growth of retained earnings of the enterprise by 3.34% and the growth of accounts payable are also observed. In general, the liability increased to 38,342 rubles.

2.4 Analysis of the financial condition of Favorit LLC

Under the financial condition refers to the ability of the company to finance its activities. It is characterized by the availability of financial resources necessary for the normal functioning of the enterprise, the expediency of their placement and efficiency of use, financial relationships with other legal entities and individuals, solvency and financial stability. The financial condition can be stable, unstable and crisis. The ability of an enterprise to make payments on time, to finance its activities on an expanded basis, indicates its good financial condition. The financial condition of the enterprise (FSP) depends on the results of its production, commercial and financial activities. If production and financial plans are successfully implemented, it has a positive effect on the financial position of the enterprise. And vice versa, as a result of underfulfillment of the plan for the production and sale of products, there is an increase in its cost, a decrease in revenue and the amount of profit and, as a result, a deterioration in the financial condition of the enterprise and its solvency. A stable financial position, in turn, has a positive impact on the performance production plans and ensuring the needs of production necessary resources. Therefore, financial activity as an integral part of economic activity is aimed at ensuring the planned receipt and expenditure of financial resources, the implementation of settlement discipline, the achievement of rational proportions of equity and borrowed capital and its most efficient use. The main purpose of the analysis is to timely identify and eliminate shortcomings in financial activities and find reserves for improving the financial condition of the enterprise and its solvency.

Liquidity is the ability of an asset to be converted into cash. The degree of liquidity is understood as the duration of the time period during which this transformation can be carried out. The shorter the period, the higher the liquidity of this type of asset. Speaking about the liquidity of an enterprise, they mean that it has working capital in an amount sufficient to pay off short-term obligations. There is a whole group of indicators and ratios that characterize to some extent the amount of liquidity of the enterprise. Let's consider the main ones.

Let us determine the value of own working capital or functioning capital (SOS) based on the following ratio:

SOS = Own funds - Non-current assets

For 2006

The value of own working capital \u003d 5665 - 5581 \u003d 84 thousand rubles.

For 2007

The value of own working capital \u003d 6694 - 4671 \u003d 2023 thousand rubles.

Judging by the financial calculations of Favorit LLC, there is a positive trend - the value of own working capital is high, that is, the value of current liabilities does not exceed the value of current assets, which means that the financial position of the enterprise is considered as stable.

The general liquidity ratio (it is also often called the coverage ratio), which generally reflects the liquidity of the company's assets, can be calculated by the formula:

Total liquidity ratio = Current assets / Short-term liabilities

For 2006

Total liquidity ratio = (13707+13104)/2_ = _13405,5_ = (13519+13020)/2 13269,5

For 2007

Total liquidity ratio = _ (13104+33671)/2_ = 23387,5_ =

(13020+31648)/2 22334

The total liquidity ratio gives overall rating liquidity of assets, showing how many rubles of current assets account for one ruble of current liabilities. In 2007, this ratio rose to 1.04 - a positive trend, although it is below the norm of 2. This indicates that accounts payable are only partially covered by current assets.

The quick (short-term) liquidity ratio is similar to the current liquidity ratio, but is calculated for a narrower range of current assets. The least liquid part of them - production stocks - is excluded from the calculation. The logic behind this exclusion is not only that inventories are significantly less liquid, but, more importantly, that the cash that can be raised in the event of a forced sale of inventories can be significantly lower than the cost of acquiring them. It is determined by the formula:

Quick liquidity ratio = Current assets - Stocks / Short-term liabilities

For 2006

Quick liquidity ratio =

=_(13707+13104)/2 – (2289+5371)/2 _ = 13405,5-3830_ = 0,72

(13519+13020)/2 13269,5

For 2007

Quick liquidity ratio =

= _(13104+33671)/2 - (5371+5501)/2 = _23387,5-5436_ = 0,80

(13020+31648)/2 22334

Estimated value of the indicator is 1. In 2007, compared to 2006, there was an increase in the quick liquidity ratio to 0.80, which characterizes an increase in the company's investment in its reserves.

The absolute liquidity ratio (solvency) is the most stringent criterion for the liquidity of an enterprise and shows what part of short-term debt obligations can be repaid immediately if necessary. The recommended lower limit is 0.2. is determined by the following formula:

Absolute liquidity ratio = Cash / Short-term liabilities

For 2006

1064_ = 0,08

For 2007

Absolute liquidity ratio = _ 857_ = 0,04

Conclusion: Absolute liquidity (solvency) ratio in 2007 decreased to 0.04. This shows that only a part of the short-term debt obligations the company can repay immediately.

To complete the analysis of the financial stability of the enterprise, it is necessary to characterize it in the long term - to analyze the ratio of own and borrowed funds.

The debt capital concentration ratio shows the share of borrowed funds in the total amount of economic assets of the enterprise and is determined by the following formula:

Debt capital concentration ratio = Debt capital / Total business assets (net)

For 2006

Debt capital concentration ratio = 13020 _ = 0,69

For 2007

Debt capital concentration ratio = _ 31648_ = 0,82

The debt capital concentration ratio in 2007 increased to 0.82. This is a negative trend, since for every ruble of own funds invested in the assets of the enterprise, there are 82 kopecks of borrowed funds. The growth of this indicator in dynamics indicates an increase in the dependence of the enterprise on external investors and creditors, that is, a slight decrease in financial stability.

The profitability ratio from sales (also called the coefficient of gross profit or profitability of products) shows how many rubles of profit are received from each ruble invested in sales. It is determined by the following formula:

Profit from sales / Proceeds from sales

For 2006

To profitability from sales = _3877_ = 0,07

For 2007

To profitability from sales = 5981 _ = 0,08

Calculations show that in 2007 almost nothing has changed at the enterprise, profit has slightly increased, which is characterized as a positive trend. Overall profitability characterizes the profit from each ruble of fixed assets and working capital and is calculated using the following formula:

Total profitability = Balance sheet profit / Cost of fixed assets and working capital x 100%

For 2006

Total profitability = _____3615_______ x 100% = 3615_ x100=

4743+5371+5924+1064 17102

For 2007

Total profitability = _____6519_______ x 100% = _ 6519_ x 100%=

4646+5501+25100+857 36104

Conclusion: profitability for 2007 decreased to 18.05%, which is a negative trend in the activity of the enterprise in question - the enterprise is at a loss.

The profitability of the main activity (cost-return) is determined by the following formula:

Profit from sales / Production and marketing costs x 100%

For 2006

Profitability of the main activity = 3877_ x 100% = 9.1%

For 2007

Profitability of the main activity = 5981_ x 100% = 8.37%

The overall profitability ratio decreased to 8.37%. Most likely, the decrease in the company's profitability occurred due to a significant increase in the cost of goods sold.

The return on equity ratio (how many rubles of profit falls on one ruble of equity) is determined by the following formula:

To profitability SC = Net profit / Average value of SC

For 2006

To profitability SK = _3615_ = 0,63

For 2007

To profitability SK = 6519_ = 0,97

The profitability ratio of borrowed capital is determined by the following formula:

To profitability SC = Net profit / Average value of SC

For 2006

To profitability ZK = _3615_ = 0,27

For 2007

To profitability ZK = _6519_ = 0,21

The increase in the values ​​of this coefficient in the dynamics of the analyzed years indicates that Favorit LLC is able to cover its production costs and pay interest on borrowed funds. The indicators of this coefficient in the dynamics of the analyzed years characterize the enterprise positively. The economic interpretation of this indicator is obvious - how many rubles of profit fall on one ruble of borrowed capital.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the analysis of the financial and economic activities of Favorit LLC, the following conclusions can be drawn:

As for working capital, they are actively used and the company allocates funds for their renewal, which contributes to the improvement of the financial condition. This is also evidenced by an increase in the profitability of the enterprise, which means that Favorit LLC is able to cover not only production costs, but also pay interest on borrowed funds.

To improve the financial position of the enterprise, it is necessary:

1. Monitor the ratio of receivables and payables. A significant excess of accounts receivable creates a threat to the financial stability of the enterprise and makes it necessary to attract additional sources of financing;

2. If possible, focus on increasing the number of customers in order to reduce the risk of non-payment, which is significant in the presence of a monopoly customer;

3. Monitor the status of settlements on overdue debts. In conditions of inflation, any deferred payment leads to the fact that the company actually receives only a part of the cost of the work performed. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the system of advance payments.

4. Timely identify unacceptable types of receivables and payables, which primarily include: arrears to suppliers and arrears of buyers for more than three months, arrears in wages and payments to the budget, extra-budgetary funds.

List of used literature

1. Sysoeva E.F. Financial resources and capital of the organization: essence, management, efficiency of use: Monograph / E.F. Sysoev. Voronezh: VSU Publishing House, 2007.

2. Ginzburg A.I. Economic analysis / A.I. Ginzburg. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007.

3. Grishchenko O.V. Analysis and diagnostics of financial and economic activity of the enterprise 2006.

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Introduction

An important place in the system of complex economic analysis is occupied by the assessment of economic activity, which is the conclusions about the results of the enterprise's activities based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of economic processes.

Purpose of execution term paper are:

consolidation of theoretical knowledge obtained by students in the process of studying the discipline "Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity";

formation of practical skills for conducting a comprehensive economic analysis;

generalization of the obtained results of the analysis, determination of the complex value of reserves, which in the end can be qualified as ready for mobilization in the production and economic activities of the analyzed organization.

In the course work, various factor models (two-factor, three-factor and four-factor) of the analyzed indicators will be built. A business plan for the future will be drawn up and analyzed, and recommendations will be made to improve the financial situation of the organization. The profitability of production activities will be determined, as well as the profitability of assets.

In the modern market economy, there is an increase in competition. And in order for the enterprise to work effectively and be able to receive maximum profit, the management of the organization simply needs to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity.

Comprehensive economic analysis of economic activity

An economic analysis of the financial and economic activities of enterprises is carried out in order to assess the financial condition of the enterprise and the level of financial risks of the enterprise.

The analysis of the financial and economic activities of the organization was made on the basis of financial statements for 2009-2010 of the manufacturing enterprise Vympel Trust LLC, which is engaged in the production of components for cars.

Analysis of financial and economic activities includes:

Analysis of balance sheets,

Balance sheet analysis (horizontal and vertical analysis),

liquidity analysis,

Financial stability analysis,

Profitability analysis,

Analysis of financial indicators (revenues and profits).

Let's consider some of the most important balance lines, calculate the absolute and relative (in percent) deviations.

Consider the main coefficients (indicators):

Assets. = first-class liquid funds (cash remaining with the enterprise) = cash

Marketable assets = accounts receivable (from the buyer, short-term financial investments, securities)= Accounts receivable

Slow Selling Assets = Stocks of Finished Goods

Hard-to-sell assets = non-current assets (construction in progress) = fixed assets (residual value)

Most urgent obligations (taxes, wages, credit) = Accounts payable = Accounts payable + Accruals

Short-term loans and borrowings = Notes payable

Long-term loans and borrowings = Long-term liabilities

Permanent Debt = ( authorized capital, funds of owners) = Own capital

< (57600 <281600 в 2009), (52000<315200 в 2010) но в идеале

> (351200>200000 in 2009 and 402000>225000 in 2010)

> (715200>323432 in 2009 and 836000>424612)

< (344800< 663768 в 2009 году и 360800 <685988 в 2010)

1) Let's consider the liquidity ratios ("fluidity", the time of the transformation of assets into money) = solvency ratios.

a) Absolute liquidity ratio \u003d solvency level (the ratio of the company's most liquid assets to current liabilities shows how much of the short-term debt the company can repay in the near future.)

Ka1=/ + = 57600/(281600 +200000)= 0.12 in 2009, 0.097 in 2010, but the normal situation is when Ka1 >= 0.2 - 0.25.

b) Current liquidity ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities, shows how many times short-term liabilities are covered by the company's current assets, i.e. how many times is a company able to meet the requirements of creditors if it turns into cash all the this moment assets.

Ktl =)/ + = 408800/481600= 0.848 (in 2009); 454000/540200=0.840

but the normal situation is when Ktl >= 1

c) Coverage ratio = rel. current assets to short-term liabilities (current liabilities), shows the company's ability to repay current (short-term) liabilities at the expense of current assets only. The higher the value of the coefficient, the better the solvency of the enterprise:

Kpokr =)/ + = 1124000/481600=2.33 (in 2009); 1290000/540200=2.388

Ideally Kpokr>= 2

2) Let's consider the coefficients of financial stability - indicators of providing the enterprise with its own sources, how much the enterprise, regardless of creditors, investors from a financial point of view, and whether this dependence grows or decreases.

a) financial independence ratios

Kfin.independent=()=683768/1468800=0.465(in 2009), 685988/1650800=0.416

Ideally, Kfin.independent>= 0.5 (depending on the industry)

b) The coefficient of provision with own sources of reserves and costs is calculated by dividing the value of own sources of covering reserves and costs by the value of reserves and costs.

Security. own source inventory and costs.=()

Security. own source inventory and costs.=)=

0.473(in 2009); 685988-360800/836000= 0.389

Ideally, Security source inventory and costs.>= 0.1

3) Business activity ratios - show the effectiveness of the use of assets, the efficiency of the enterprise's use of its funds. This group includes various indicators of turnover, since the turnover rate, i.e. transformation into cash, funds has a direct impact on the solvency of the enterprise.

a) Cobor.act. = . 3432000/1468800=2.34 (in 2009); 3850000/1650800= 2.33 (shows how many times the full cycle of production and sale of products has passed).

T time rev. \u003d D / Kakt., where D is the duration of the period;

T time rev. = 360/2.34= 153 days. (in 2009) 360/2.33= 154 days. (in 2010).

b) Capital productivity ratio - shows the effectiveness of non-current assets (main funds) - how much revenue from 1 ruble of non-current assets. That is, it shows how many products the company produces for each unit of the value of the fixed assets that were invested in it.

Return on assets = Produced Marketable Products/ Initial cost of Capital Assets

Return on assets \u003d Annual output / Average annual cost of fixed assets

Kfondootd. = Fixed assets (initial cost)) we are worth.

Kfondootd. = 344800) = 9.95 (in 2009); 360800) = 10.67 (in 2010);

c) The inventory turnover ratio is a coefficient that characterizes the turnover of a company's inventory over a period of time.:

Commodity-material values ​​\u003d Revenue / Cost of inventory items

inventory items include:

Raw materials and components

low-value and wearing items, taking into account the accumulated wear and tear,

· unfinished production,

· finished products,

merchandise for resale

and goods shipped.

Inventory Value = Inventory

Commodity-material values ​​\u003d Revenue / Inventory

Commodity-material values ​​\u003d 715200) \u003d 4.798 (in 2009); 715200) = 4.798 (in 2010);

Determine the asset turnover time:

Where D is the duration of the analyzed period

where T time rev. \u003d D / Kakt., where D is the duration of the period;

d) The receivables turnover ratio shows how many times the receivables collection process has gone through:

Kdebit.debt. = Revenue / Accounts receivable = =9.77 (in 2009); =9.577 (in 2010);

Determine the turnaround time for receivables:

Accounts receivable turned into revenue 9.77 and 9.57 times in 2008 and 2009. respectively, which amounted to 36 and 37 days of the production cycle.

4) Ratios of profitability (profitability). Profitability of the enterprise - P indicator of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets of the enterprise, production resources. The overall profitability of an enterprise is defined as the ratio of profit to the average cost of fixed and working capital.

a) To debt coverage is determined by the ratio of total debt to EBITDA.

Total Debt = Accounts Payable + Notes Payable + Total Short-Term Liabilities + Long-Term Liabilities = BORROWED CAPITAL

EBITDA= EBIT + Depreciation + Depreciation = 209100 +18900+146200 = 374200 (in 2009)

149700+20000+166200 = 335900(in 2010)

To debt coverage = total debt / EBITDA =

total debt = BORROWED CAPITAL = Short-term liabilities (Long-term liabilities, i.e. long-term loans and borrowings) =

To debt coverage = total debt/EBITDA=(323432)/374200= 0.86 (in 2009); (424612)/335900 = 1.26 (in 2010)

Ideally, towards debt security<=3

b) coefficient of interest payment funds:

TIE=EBIT/I= EBIT/ Interest payable = 209100/62500=3.35 (in 2009); 149700/76000= 1.97 (in 2010)

c) the ratio of security of long-term obligations - security financial liabilities assets

FCC= (EBIT+Rent)/(I+Rent+Sinking Funds)= (EBIT+Rent)/(I+Long Term Annual Fee).

(209100 + 40000)/(62500 +40000) = 249100/102500 = 2.43 (in 2009); (189700)/(116000) = 1.63 (in 2010). Ideally, it should be >1.

5) Ratios based on net profit indicators:

a) Profitability of sales - shows the efficiency of current costs and the share of net profit:

ROS= (Net Profit/Revenue)*100% = 117280/3432000 *100% = 3.412 (in 2009); 58960/3850000*100%= 1.53(in 2010).

Economic profitability (based on the use of income before interest and taxes):

Economic profitability shows the break-even point at which revenue is equal to cost, and profit is zero, that is economic profitability decreased from 14% to 9%, which shows a decrease in the ability to earn income to pay off their external obligations.

b) Profitability of all assets:

ROA = (Net profit / Asset) * 100% \u003d 117280 / 1468800 * 100% \u003d 7.9 (in 2009); 58960/1650800*100%= 3.57(in 2010).

c) ROE = (return on equity) = NET PROFIT / EQUITY

ROE = 117280 / 663768 = 0.177 (in 2009); 58960/685988= 0.086 (in 2010)

SHARE OF DIVIDEND PAYOUTS = Dividend Payouts/ net profit- What is the share of net income

Dividend Payments = Number of outstanding shares * Dividends per share, rub. = 100000*0.22= 2200000

SHARE OF DIVIDEND PAYMENTS = Number of outstanding shares* Dividends per share, rub. / net income

Udel. Dividend weight. payments = 2200000/117280 = 18.75 (in 2008) 2200000/58960 = 37.313

That is, the coefficient of financial sustainable growth (shows the ability to ensure its development at the expense of its own sources) =

Bush. growth = ROE (1- Share of dividend payments) = 0.177(1-18.75) = -0.01 (in 2009); 0.086(1-37.313)= 0.0023(in 2010).

The coefficient of security of the growth rate at the expense of internal sources (shows the ability of the company to increase its assets in the next year due to domestic financing provided that all proportions of the previous year are maintained) =

(117280 - 22000) / 460000 x 100% = (95280/460000) x 100% = 20.7% (in 2009)

(58960 - 22000) / 460000 x 100% = (36960/460000) x 100% = 8.03% (in 2010)

From the calculations obtained, it can be seen that such opportunities for the company are sharply reduced and amount to only 8.03%. Thus, the firm has a chance to increase its assets through internal financing only by 8.03%, while in 2009 these opportunities were 20.7%.

According to the calculations obtained, it can be seen that the equity capital of the enterprise for 2009. formed from own sources only by 45%, and in 2010. this value has decreased to 41% and does not reach the normal value of 50% I.e. there is a decrease in the share of own sources in the formation of equity capital and for its formation borrowed capital was attracted in 2009. at a rate of 55%, and in 2010. - 59%, which indicates the unstable financial condition of the enterprise and that it cannot fully cover its obligations with its own funds. Efficiency decreased to 4.5% in 2010. from 9.9% in 2009

We will conduct a comprehensive detailed analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise. economic financial complex analysis