How to breed trout fish. Efficient ways to breed trout

Trout breeding is considered. Fish from the salmon family enjoy in great demand in the consumer market. Trout farming as a business is attractive because it does not require major investments to start production. If desired, you can organize a small family business right on your own site.

Rainbow trout;
stream (pied).

The first variety has high fertility and rapid growth. Pied trout is not as large as rainbow trout, but its meat is distinguished by a delicate taste and dietary properties. For a novice fish farmer, the best solution would be to purchase a grown fry. Without certain skills, it will be difficult to grow planting material.

Breeding methods

The next step on the way to the implementation of the business idea will be the choice of trout breeding technology. Most profitable ways fish farming:

In the pond. If the reservoir is located near the farm, this will reduce the initial cost of starting a business. Despite the material benefit, the method has disadvantages. The main ones are the impossibility of natural reproduction, the lack of necessary equipment for the life of fish, the risk of loss of offspring due to poachers.
Growing trout in RAS. Closed-water recirculating trout is used by most large farmers. It provides an excellent growing environment for fish, maintaining ideal conditions at every stage of trout development. The main disadvantage is the high price of the equipment. This installation will cost the entrepreneur several million rubles. The profit that he will receive from the introduction of technology will be just as high.
In the pools. This breeding method is common in small fish farms. You will need to buy the pool itself, install filters, pumps, and a feed supply system. The water in the tank can be either fresh or salty. The method allows you to get a low, but stable income for the family.

Note! To increase income, combined methods of growing trout are used. For example, fry can grow in a pond, and adult fish are placed in a pool.

Requirements for keeping salmon species:

in the reservoir, the temperature regime must be observed for a comfortable stay of trout: + 15-18 C;
the depth of the pool or pond for professional fish breeding is 2 m;
the water must contain calcium and a sufficient amount of oxygen;
grown fish are sorted and moved to another tank.

Note! The profit of the farm depends on how fast the trout grows. On average, it reaches the required size in 2-3 years. The optimal weight for sale is considered to be a kilogram fish.

Feeding

Basic expenses this business associated with the diet of trout. The quality of the feed is reflected in the taste of fish meat, so you should not save on it. The reddish color of the meat is provided by krill, which is contained in special bait mixtures. In addition, the diet should contain proteins.

Juveniles are fed every hour. Keeping this routine helps automated system power supply. Adults are fed 4-5 times a day. The daily diet of trout depends on the breed and conditions of keeping, but should not exceed 10% of its mass.

Paperwork

To become a full-fledged market participant, you need to officially register the farm. For a small enterprise, it is better to choose an individual entrepreneur or LLC as a form of ownership. Bureaucratic complications can arise if a farmer is going to rent a fish pond. You will need to collect a package of permits, which will take a lot of time. To grow trout at home, permission from the authorities is not required. It is enough to obtain a safety certificate in the veterinary service and fish farming.

Trout marketing

The search for buyers must begin when planning a business. The main buyers of trout are:

pavilions selling live fish;
supermarkets;
fish processing plants, smokehouses;
future farmers buying fry.

Note! If a farmer breeds trout in an open pond, additional income will be paid fishing.

Trout farming business plan

Production costs will depend on the way the fish are raised and the equipment installed. Business plan for a small family farm:

The amount of expenses will increase if the farmer plans to rent a pond for trout breeding.

In this article, we will talk about how to breed trout and why it is beneficial.

And so, in order, trout breeding is considered to be almost the most profitable type of fish farming. Why is it so? Because trout is highly valued in the market, it is expensive, and with the right approach, you can count on a great trout fish productivity.

For breeding in ponds, there are two types of trout, these are:

brook trout
Rainbow trout.

This type of trout is widespread in rivers that flow into the Black, Azov, Baltic, and Caspian Seas. This type of fish has high quality meat, it is tender, tasty, and it also has dietary qualities. Brook trout, for life prefers cold waters, mountain rivers or forest streams. With the right content, this fish reaches a weight of half a kilogram, and in the case of living a full life cycle, which is more than 11 years, its weight can reach up to 13 kg. If you contain trout in a pond, then in a year, it reaches a weight of 25-30 grams. Sexual maturity in these fish occurs at the age of 3-4 years. Trout spawning in the cold season, from October to November, you need to ensure that the water during this period is not warmer than + 7, + 8 C. The spawning process takes place in shallow water, while there should be a good current. Often, two types of trout are bred in fish farms at once. Brook trout eggs are incubated in autumn and rainbow trout eggs in spring

Rainbow trout

This type of fish is very popular in fish farming, it is often used as an additional fish in breeding. . This type of trout, originally from distant North America, and also like brook trout, loves cold waters, but unlike it, it can also live in warm water if it contains enough oxygen. The optimum temperature for this type of fish is 17C.

Trout in the ponds

Trout, unfortunately, does not reproduce on its own in ponds, for this it is necessary to perform artificial manipulations. For 1 hectare on the pond surface, on average, 500-1000 pieces are planted. yearlings 15-20 gr. weight.

Trout belongs to predatory fish, and feeds mainly on bugs, dragonflies, small toads, after 12-13 months of life, small fish are added to the diet. These fish are growing all year round, but this process slows down when the water temperature drops to a temperature of +1, +2C. But if you take care of an intensive and balanced diet and provide a temperature above + 3C, then you can hope that your pets will double or even triple their weight over the winter.

By May, all one-year-old fish reach a weight of about 120g. If your farm keeps fish in cages, then you can count on offspring in the summer and spring periods.

The fecundity of a trout depends, first of all, on its age and size, so during the first spawning, the amount of eggs is much less than at the subsequent stages of the life of the fish.

Spawning takes place at different times of the year, it all depends on climate zone, for example, in the southern regions, spawning lasts from December to March, and in regions that are located to the north, this process continues almost all spring. One of the main factors for the start of spawning is the water temperature, it should be within + 7, + 8C. Caviar matures, a little over a month.

To obtain caviar and sperm, mature producers are used. During spawning, the best representatives are selected from the school and placed separately. In cages, producers are placed at the rate of 26 - 31 pieces per 1 sq.m. The fish must be constantly monitored, after the maturation of caviar, they begin to strain it. To do this, in 3-5 females, caviar is squeezed into a clean container. After that, they take two or three males and strain the sperm onto the caviar, gently stirring it with a goose feather. Then add some water and pause for 3-5 minutes. During this time, the eggs are fertilized.

Also, rainbow trout can be grown in sea water, which leads to an increase in the growth rate of fish.

That's all, it is worth noting that the production of trout in fish farms is a profitable and successful business, even during a period of economic stagnation and a decline in agriculture, so if you decide to grow trout, then most likely you will find success, which is what we wish you!

River trout video

Everything about growing trout in ponds, the basic rules, advice from experienced fish farmers, will help you grow a decent stock of fish and be successful in this business, we wish you good luck, see you soon!

How much can you earn
Which equipment to choose

According to experts' forecasts, the consumption of fish delicacies will only grow in the near future. The main reasons are the growth of the purchasing power of the population and the increase in domestic demand. Despite some development of domestic production, the salmon fish market is still highly dependent on imports, but the situation may change if the market receives products from domestic fish farms.

Trout farming as a business

Today, such a popular fish delicacy as trout is quite successfully bred in artificial reservoirs. At the same time, climatic conditions are no longer considered such a deterrent - trout can be grown both in the open air and in special recirculating water supply installations (RAS) indoors.

Under natural conditions, trout is mainly bred in rivers and lakes. There are also farms breeding trout in sea water using a cage method. The use of intensive technologies makes it possible to obtain up to 1000 centners of fish per hectare.

The most famous are two types of trout - rainbow and brook. It is these species that are bred in most farms, as they are considered the most productive, unpretentious and acceptable in taste among all trout.

Trout growing technology

Breeding trout requires certain conditions to be met. So, the optimal temperature for growing trout is 15-18 gr. At temperatures above 20 degrees, the fish begins to feel discomfort and its growth slows down noticeably. If the water temperature is 25 degrees for a long time. and above, then there is a high waste of fish. The optimum oxygen content in water should be at the level of 7-8 mg/L.

If all the conditions for keeping the fish are met, then by the third year of life, the trout is gaining weight of 500 grams. The life expectancy of a trout is on average 12 years, and the weight of adults reaches 10-12 kg. Sexual maturity occurs at 3-4 years. But trout cannot breed in ponds. Therefore, farms use artificial insemination. The fecundity of females is 200-1500 eggs.

As a rule, about 1000 plants are planted per 1 hectare of pond area. trout yearlings. When breeding trout on an industrial scale, this figure can be increased by 40-50 times. Naturally, such a landing area is possible only through the use of intensive feeding.

In Russia, trout farming is not so widespread, although the attempts and desire of businessmen are quite high. The main limiting factors are poor knowledge of trout breeding technology, hence the high risks of losing investment. To some extent, the ardor of businessmen is beaten off by a high entrance ticket to business, since the creation of all conditions for growing trout on an industrial scale requires serious investments.

Today, there are several main ways to grow trout: pond, cage and trout rearing in RAS. With the cage method, fish are grown not in a reservoir, but in its separate, fenced part - in the so-called cages. The frame of the cages can consist of a deli stretched over stakes, wooden floating boxes, mesh metal containers, etc.

The cage method, unlike the classical one, has a number of advantages, including:

The cage farm is located directly in the reservoir, which saves a significant part of it. The rest of the reservoir can be used for other purposes, such as sport fish farming (paid fishing).
Cage farming does not require the withdrawal of a significant part of the area from agricultural use, as in pond farms. Cages are located directly in the reservoir, and only auxiliary structures are built on the shore - warehouses, houses, etc.
The costs for the construction of hydraulic structures in cage farms are much less than in the classical pond breeding trout.

The cages do not require the creation of forced water exchange, which eliminates the cost of electricity. In the cages, passive water exchange is constantly taking place, created due to the movement of the fish itself, as well as due to wave mixing.

However, the cage method also has its disadvantages. The main one is the so-called eutrophication, that is, pollution of the reservoir with organic substances. High fish stocking densities and intensive feeding lead to progressive water pollution. That is why cage farms are not recommended to be placed in water bodies that serve as a source of drinking water population. Another problem is the protection of cages, which is a must for every businessman. Everyone solves it in his own way, but without this, one should not get down to business.

Another common technology for breeding trout and sturgeon is the use of recirculating water supply systems - RAS. Such installations allow you to organize a mini-trout farm almost at home. Of course, if we are talking on small production volumes. On an industrial scale, such installations provide a number of undeniable advantages over classical methods, such as growing fish in ponds. Despite significant capital investments, RAS is the most promising global technology for breeding fish delicacies.

RAS is a closed system that creates optimal conditions for the growth and development of fish. Its principle lies in the circular movement of water between the elements of the system, each of which ensures the maintenance of the life support parameters of aquatic organisms within the specified limits.

The RAS system includes:

Pools. Directly containers for keeping fish. Pools should be able to remove fish waste, have an unobstructed view, and also exclude injuries due to rough surfaces or sharp corners of the structure.
Pumps that circulate water.
Ozone generator and water ozonation system.
Oxygen generator and oxygenator used to saturate water with oxygen.
Mechanical drum filter.
Emergency air duct with immersed air atomizer in each pool.
Pool sumator.
Other equipment.

The advantages of RAS over other trout breeding technologies are:

Full control over the system and the process of keeping fish. Automated controls allow timely monitoring of the hydrotechnical state of water, the behavior and health of fish, dosing feed in the right proportions, etc. ;
The installation does not depend on weather conditions, which allows growing unique fish species in any climatic zones.
Minimum water consumption, on average 100-500 liters per 1 kg of fish grown.
Ecological cleanliness, etc.

The disadvantages of the system is its high cost. For example, the creation of a small farm with a production volume of 10 tons of trout per year will cost the investor at least 3.5 million rubles. Main costs: construction of a hangar (reconstruction of premises) with an area of 300 m2 or more, connection of communications, commissioning, purchase of equipment, purchase of fry and fish food, reserve funds for staff salaries and other unforeseen expenses.

How much can you earn from trout farming

With an average wholesale price trout at 300 rubles/kg. the annual revenue of a 10 ton farm is about 3 million rubles. According to experts, the payback of such a complex will come no earlier than 3 years, taking into account the presence of stable sales channels for products.

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

Breeding trout and setting up a trout farm for commercial purposes will require significant capital investment from the entrepreneur. It is recommended to start a business on a small scale and create a clear and balanced business plan, which includes the following items:

Market monitoring. Analysis of competitors.
Choice of type of trout. Brook and rainbow trout are especially popular.
The choice of breeding method: in ponds, cages, pools or closed water supply devices.
Purchase or creation of a reservoir for breeding trout.
Acquisition pumping stations, generators, filters and other equipment.
Obtaining permits.
Purchase of fish fry and food for her.
Establishing relationships with suppliers.

How much can you earn

The profit from running a trout farming business, as well as the costs, directly depend on the method of breeding. Starting costs for breeding fish in recirculating water supply devices are up to 100 thousand dollars. The profit is about 10 dollars per kg of trout. Thus, with sufficient production scale, the business will pay off within 2-3 subsequent years. The main part of the costs falls on the creation and bringing into the appropriate form of a hangar room, a reservoir, the purchase of equipment, fry and food for fish. Do not forget about the cost of staff salaries and obtaining permits.

Which equipment to choose

For creating optimal conditions growing trout will require specialized equipment:

Ponds for housing fish.
The pumps providing continuous pumping of water.
Generators with air atomizers to saturate water with oxygen and ozone.
Cleaning facilities, filters.
Boundary sections, nets, cages and other equipment.

Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business

To register a business, you must specify OKVED Code 03.2 - Fish farming.

What documents are needed to open

Breeding trout in natural conditions is burdened by administrative barriers. Obtaining such a permit is not easy, it will require the execution of a large package of documents. Stocking fish in an artificially created reservoir for commercial purposes will only require registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, depending on the volume of sales. For them, you will need a standard package of documents: a passport, a copy of the IND code and a receipt for payment of the state fee.

Which taxation system to choose for business registration

For running a trout farming business, a single imputed income tax or a general taxation system is suitable.

Do I need permission to open

Stocking a reservoir with fish will require a businessman to obtain a special veterinary certificate, which is issued by the epidemiological committee. You will also need a record in the fisheries committee.

In this material:

Enough profitable business is trout breeding, a business plan for which you can draw up yourself or order from specialists.

Trout is one of the most expensive fish on the market. She is quite capricious and capricious, requires careful care.

All cash and labor costs will more than pay off, because, despite the high cost, this fish is in demand.

Business Profitability

In order to understand whether such an enterprise will be profitable, and if so, how much, you need to know the main points of expenses for its opening and development.

A business plan for breeding fish in a pond should include the following items:

Necessary equipment. These costs are most significant due to the fact that with the help of specialized equipment all the required conditions for the life of fish will be created, without which it is impossible to keep trout.
Quality food for fish. Purchased food must meet all quality requirements. Those wishing to save on this point should know that cheap and low-quality food will significantly reduce the cost of goods. It is impossible to hide its effect on trout meat, as it will definitely show up as white spots in the flesh.
Buying fry. This cost item will only be present when starting a business. Large individuals will grow from the purchased fry, which will soon give offspring.
Additional equipment. These facilities include a fish tank, feeding and water purification equipment, and other devices.
Employee salaries. Ensuring the viability of the enterprise alone will not work, and in this regard, it will be necessary at least minimum set personnel.
Content and service. All equipment used will be used continuously, so it requires the creation of adequate conditions for maintenance and timely maintenance activities.

With all costs, the profitability of such a project is at least 9%. This figure is not limiting and can reach a much higher value. Entrepreneurial activity Fish farming is not for everyone. Trout farming requires a large initial investment.

All the required equipment, additional tools have a fairly high cost. All initial expenses can turn out to be significant even if the entrepreneurial business being opened is not large-scale. It will take a long time to wait for the first profit. In the best scenario, trout can add only up to 0.5 kg of weight in 1 year, and reach sexual maturity only by 3 years. During the time until the fish can reproduce and grow to right size, there is no need to talk about any profit. During this period, there will be only costs. But when a sale opportunity arises, the business will begin to pay off pretty quickly. It is only necessary to establish distribution channels.

Trout breeding methods

There are several ways to breed fish used by specialized farms:

cultivation by the pond method;
cage breeding method;
use of a recirculating water supply system (RAS).

Raising in ponds naturally is a pond breeding method for trout. In the natural environment, fish can reproduce freely - that, perhaps, is all the advantages of this method. In a closed artificial environment, trout are not prone to breeding in the traditional way, but when modern technologies this is not a problem, since the fish are fertilized using special equipment.

The cage method is much more common among fisheries. It is the cultivation of trout in a fenced area of a natural reservoir. This type of trout farming has some advantages as well as disadvantages. Among the advantages are the following:

Fish are reared in a natural habitat in a fenced area, which allows you to control the presence of trout within reach. In addition, the rest of the reservoir can be used for other purposes.
Natural water circulation avoiding stagnation without expensive equipment.
The main part of the fish farm buildings is located on the shore, and in the water there are only cages with fish, which significantly saves water space.
Low costs for the construction and maintenance of hydraulic structures.

Breeding fish in this way is much more profitable. Among the minuses, one can note the high degree of pollution of the reservoir due to the presence of a large number of fish in it. The use of such water for drinking is strictly prohibited.

In addition, there is a high risk of loss of farmed fish as a result of theft, so additional costs are required to provide round-the-clock security.

The use of RAS in trout cultivation is the most convenient, but also the most expensive method. It allows you to hatch fish, fully controlling all the conditions of its maintenance and excluding the possibility negative impact environment.

Using this method, you can grow the highest quality and environmentally friendly fish, but this will require quite a lot of expenses.

If possible big investment, the result of which will have to wait for a long time, then this business will come in handy. high costs and long term paybacks are the main deterrents to starting this profitable business.

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Breeding trout at home as a business will require a lot of responsibility and rather considerable costs. But the result will not keep you waiting, if you correctly approach the issue. Cost and popularity this product on the Russian market today is quite large, and therefore for success for those who are willing to take risks, it will be important to understand the process of building this type of activity from the very beginning.

Trout varieties

Today, two types of this representative of salmon are known:

iridescent;
stream.

The second species can be found in cold rivers flowing into the Caspian, Baltic and Black Seas. AT natural conditions one individual can reach 12 kg. However, in an artificial reservoir, in order to achieve such a result, it will be necessary to be patient. The first 4 years, the fish will not even spawn.

Rainbow trout appeared in our country only at the beginning of the last century. Initially, her homeland was North America. This species got its name due to iridescent scales. The difficulty of growing rainbow fish is that it is very difficult to achieve its reproduction. That is why in most cases it is necessary to resort to artificial insemination.

It should be remembered here that the production of caviar is not the easiest thing, and therefore if you are just starting a trout business, then it is better to immediately purchase fry.

How to start a business

To begin with, it would be nice to visit existing farms and see how work is being built in this direction. It would be even better to communicate with the owners of such a business.

If your intention has only strengthened, feel free to go to the tax office to register your company. The form of doing business can be presented in the form individual entrepreneurship. OKEVD code - 03.2 (fish farming).

Having completed all paperwork, start looking for fry suppliers. Most likely, they will be fish farms that are already firmly on their feet. There you will not only buy the number of young animals you need, but also get advice on feeding and maintaining your farm.

How to breed

There are several ways to breed trout:

In the pond.
In closed water.
In gardens.

outdoor pond

If you decide to choose the first method, then you need to find a suitable reservoir somewhere in the vicinity of your locality. Please note that this path may be the most unprofitable, since in open ponds it is very difficult to create ideal conditions for the normal growth of fish. In addition, it will be very difficult to deal with local poachers. The way out will be the organization of the protection of your pond, but even this cannot guarantee that you will receive the next profit in five years.

Sadki

Growing in cages means that your farm will be located in the same open water, but in specially designated areas. Experts call this way the most profitable. First of all, because you do not need a whole pond, but only a part of it. Secondly, the installation of hydraulic equipment will require much lower costs.

It is impossible not to mention the difficulties that can be expected along the way. To begin with, you should always remember about the pollution of the reservoir. The reason for this is the dense planting of individuals and regular feeding. In addition, here again, it will not be possible to do without protection. One watchman will be quite enough, but he must be a trusted person, otherwise he will begin to trade in your fish.

closed reservoir

The recirculating water installation is the most The best way setting up a trout farm at home. This method can be used even for industrial purposes.

This principle of pond organization creates the most suitable conditions for fish growth. It is based on the circular movement of water between all elements of the system that supports the life of the fish. The installation consists of:

Pools should not have sharp protrusions and allow good review their entire perimeter.

The main disadvantage of such a system is its price. To organize a farm that produces up to 10 tons of fish per year, you will need 3.5 million rubles. Accordingly, the premises for these purposes should be at least 250-300 square meters. Consider also the cost of supplying water, heating, sewerage, electricity. Do not forget to calculate the cost of buying fry, food and staff.

Fish farming technology

The success of the business started will depend on compliance with all the standards that are prescribed for trout farming. This type of fish is not particularly whimsical, but the following factors should be taken into account:

Feeding should be balanced and regular. It is not necessary, however, to overfeed the fish. This will only lead to the fact that she will completely stop eating and, accordingly, grow.

It is necessary to think over the sales plan and distribution channels for your products in advance. Your main customers will be:

restaurants and cafes;
the shops;
supermarkets;
sanatoriums.

It would be quite useful to open your own point of sale immediately at your farm or in the market. And do not forget that before putting the fish up for sale, you need to get the conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological station about proper quality products. Fish meat is a perishable product, and therefore find potential buyers necessary at the stage of business planning.