The original end of the presentation. How to make a presentation correctly? Simple Tips! Pay attention to feedback

Today I am publishing an article that I wrote for the leading business magazine in Kazakhstan, Business Life. By agreement with the editors, at first it had to appear in paper form and then it could be published on . The article has already appeared in the August issue (with the announcement on the cover) and it's time to move it “home”. The fact that my readers in Kazakhstan have already read it does not make the information in it any less useful to the rest of the world. In addition, the article was published in the journal in a modified form, because. some of my statements were not censored. Below, “10 Presentation Mistakes” comes as I wrote it.

In the process of working with the editors, I myself made some mistakes. One of them is that I sent them only a vertical photo, while the web version of the magazine needed a horizontal one. As a result, the site layout designer inserted because it did not fit the format. The error is not serious - the web version can always be corrected, but time for corrections will be lost. If your articles will be published in periodicals, do not make this mistake, send two types of photos at once: vertical and horizontal. As a workaround, I publish my horizontal photo at the beginning of this article.

In general, cooperation with Business Life was very pleasant and has already begun to bring results.

10 Common Presentation Mistakes

There are two types of presentations:

1. For email forwarding and self-study

2. To perform in front of live people

This article will focus on the presentation in front of people.

Why I am qualified to write about presentations

The last 2 years I have devoted vocational training speakers and conducted presentation trainings for corporate clients. My public speaking courses, the Spikerclub, are among the top 3 most attended in Moscow and, according to experts, are superior in quality to others.

In this article, I will share practical experience and talk about 10 speaker mistakes that I have seen most often in presentations.

10 mistakes

1. Performance without introduction.

Your performance begins with your name being announced by the host, before you even take the stage. Give the facilitator a way to introduce you, otherwise he will only say your name, or worse, you will have to introduce yourself.

Self-presentation puts the speaker in the role of one who needs to speak out, and not in the role of a leader who brings useful thoughts to the audience. Introducing yourself, it will be difficult for you to announce your regalia. The mistake of leaving without a presentation has serious consequences: if you introduce yourself too quickly, you will not be listened to with due attention, you are not an authority for the public; and if you exalt yourself too much in your imagination, you will be hated for your arrogance. Start your presentation right, give the facilitator the opportunity to introduce you right.

2. Inability to occupy the audience in "technical breaks".

Very often I am faced with a situation where the speaker comes on stage and gives me a flash drive with his presentation. Guess what he or she is doing while I am loading the presentation? That's right - it stands, guiltily waiting and squandering its authority. The first impression is not the best - a passive speaker is the same as a psychotherapist on a stool with a noose around his neck.

3. Incorrectly chosen role.

The most common speaker role I've seen is that of a guilty student who really wants to please the examining committee. In such a role, whatever you do, whatever you say, everything will sound wrong.

Back in the 90s, on the first channel there was a program with Leonid Yakubovich “The Wheel of History”. In it, the participant stood in the center and chose one of the roads to the three carriages standing around him. Answering the questions correctly, he moved closer and closer to the chosen carriage. Very often, having answered all the questions correctly, the participant reached the carriage, but there was no prize there - he initially chose the wrong carriage. Choose the right role - the role of a leader or the role of an expert, otherwise all your efforts will not bring results.

4. Apologies at the beginning of the presentation.

I heard thousands of them, ranging from “I ended up here quite by accident” to “look at my forehead, this is not a blot, it was me and my son who played president and he put a stamp on my forehead.” Apologies don't say you're polite, all they say is that you don't deserve to speak in front of an audience.

Do not think that you will gain leniency by apologizing in advance. People may not feel sorry for you, but agree that you have no experience and will not listen to you. Part of the audience can guess that you have no experience, but if you say it yourself, 100% of those sitting in the hall will know about it.

Don't apologize either directly or indirectly, it underestimates the value of your message. If it's scary, endure the fear, but don't turn into a slobber.

5. Voice over image.

Most people are afraid to speak in public. Therefore, they try to come up with any excuses to shift the attention of the audience from themselves. There is nowhere to hide on the stage, so inexperienced speakers try to hide behind the pictures with their presentation. People become voice-overs, they themselves look at the screen and voice everything that is written there. It is not right.

At least 80% of the attention of the audience during the presentation should be on the speaker, and in cases of excellent presentations, this figure exceeds 90%. You are the one presenting the presentation, not the screen. He only helps you. Don't make another confusion with roles.

6. Bullet points .

Periods before items are called a bulleted list. I'll include them below for demonstration purposes.

• Diapers
• Milk
• Sausage

I have a question for you: “Since when can we read and listen at the same time?”

Leave a bulleted list for shopping. Use images instead of a list. Remember, the brain can only maintain one focus. Don't split your listeners' attention between your voice acting and on-screen text.

7. Screen with a picture that has already been discussed.

Most The best way to explain is to show. Very often, after showing a visual image, the speaker begins to talk about a new topic, leaving the old image on the screen in front of the audience. This splits the attention of listeners and destroys the laws of perception. To keep the audience's attention, you need to remove the picture as soon as you finish talking about it. If for new topic you don't have a changeable picture, just make a black screen between images.

8. Look at the floor, ceiling, screen, piece of paper…

Remember once and for all, the safest place you can look in your public speech is in the eyes of the audience. Only eye contact builds trust. In the Speakerclub, I conducted such an experiment, I asked the audience about the degree of confidence in the speaker and compared the answers with the areas where the speaker was looking during the speech. The results surprised those present - those listeners with whom the speaker maintained eye contact expressed high confidence in the speaker, and those who "did not get the look" did not believe the speaker and said that "they did not like him." At the same time, both of them could not specifically name the reason why they liked or disliked the speaker. It was all about the look. Look people in the eye. Is always.

9. Coverage of the topic without expressing personal experience.

Many speakers take on the role of information carrier. They learn “how to scratch pigs' stomachs” from the internet or books and think that this is enough to make a successful presentation. No, not enough. If you do not share your personal experience, one of two things will happen: either your presentation will be boring or you will not be believed.

When preparing your speech, you must remember that information is now in abundance - there are already more megabytes on the Internet than dollars in the world.

The audience no longer trusts theorists. Massively cite your personal experience. Whatever the topic of your speech, enrich it with personal stories.

Be aware of the technique used by insurance sellers. They don't say how useful it is to have insurance. They tell how, even before working for the insurance company, their house burned down and now, thanks to insurance, they live in a luxurious mansion and do not blow their heads. Insurers know that the one who does not talk about personal experience is “blowing out”. No need to lie, but this example from the insurance industry conveys the idea very well. Personal experience not just more interesting to listen to, it is your stamp on the presentation that inspires public confidence.

10. "Thank you" at the end of the presentation.

This item is advanced and is best trained under the guidance of a coach.

We all want to be polite and want to please the audience. But there is one problem with politeness - it should not develop into a French kiss with the fifth point of the listeners.

“Thank you” at the end of a speech, or even worse, “thank you for your attention”, means: “Thank you for listening to me. There was little use in what was said, so I thank you for your courtesy, kind people ”or something like that.

It is not the speaker who should be grateful to the audience for listening, but the audience should be grateful to the speaker for delivering a useful speech. Do you believe that your speech is useful? And if not, why was it necessary to act?

American presidents usually end their speeches with the words "God bless America" ​​(God bless America).

Eastern cultures, including Russian, are just learning to accept gratitude for the benefit brought. Therefore, it is harder with our listeners.

Sometimes speaking to our audience, I break my own rule and say thanks, but only after I hear a storm of applause. I say thank you for the applause, not for listening to me.

How to end a speech without a thank you? The point at the end of the speech is put by a powerful ending, tone of voice and body language. Thank you is an acknowledgment of your inability to finish your presentation professionally.

Finally

This is only a small fraction of the mistakes that novice speakers make when they enter the stage. But perhaps the most important mistake not included in this list is to expect a good presentation from yourself without having practical experience. Public speaking is nothing but a set of habits. They cannot be worked out sitting at home. Public speaking is a barrel of practice and a spoonful of theory. I gave you a spoonful of theory at its best looking for a good barrel...

And I often have to point out to students errors in presentations for term papers and dissertations.

Today I will tell you how to properly design a presentation so that your report makes a good impression on the audience.

It doesn't matter what the purpose of your presentation is, it could be:

• Defense of the abstract, term paper or thesis;
• Report on events or achievements;
• Product overview;
• Advertising company.

For any task, the basic principles correct design presentations are always the same!

So, seven simple tips from Sergey Bondarenko and the site.

Think ahead. Don't forget the required sections:

1. Title page (first slide);
2. Introduction;
3. The main part of the presentation (usually contains several subsections);
4. Conclusion.

The body of the presentation is the most important.

When creating it, imagine that people who are poorly familiar with the topic of the report will listen to you. They need to understand what your report is about and what your role is in what you are describing.

2. Making a presentation

Style the text and titles of different slides in the same style.

If chosen for headlines blue color and font "Cambria", on all slides the headings should be blue and Cambria. Chosen for body text font"Calibri", you will have to use it on all slides.


Quotations and notes can be highlighted in a different font and color (but there should not be too many of them).

Don't get carried away with over-excretion fat content, in italics and colored text.

3. Presentation background color

Make sure that the text does not merge with the background, keep in mind that the contrast on the projector will be less than on your monitor.

Best background White(or close to it), and the best text color is the black(or very dark desired shade).

Little test!

Compare these three examples by clicking on the first picture and scrolling with the arrows on your keyboard:

What color combinations do you like best? Write in the comments!

4. Designing the title (first) slide

From the contents of the first slide it should be clear what it is about, to whom it refers, who is the author. To do this, do not forget to specify:

• Organization (educational institution, enterprise, etc.);
• Topic of the report (title);
• Surname, name and patronymic of the speaker (in full);
• Your manager (if the work is done under someone else's supervision);
• Contact details (e-mail, website address, phone).

An example of a simplified design of the first slide of a presentation

Title slide according to GOST

If you need to get as close as possible to GOST 7.32-2001, then consider the following information from it:

On the title page provide the following information:
— the name of the parent organization;
- the name of the organization-executor of R&D;
— index of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC);
- codes of the highest classification groups of the All-Russian classifier industrial and agricultural products for research (VKGOKP) prior to putting products into production;
— numbers identifying the report;
— stamps of approval and approval;
- the name of the work;
— name of the report;
- type of report (final, intermediate);
- number (cipher) of the work;
- positions degrees, academic titles, surnames and initials of the heads of the R&D executing organization, R&D leaders;
- place and date of the report.

An example of the title slide of a presentation according to GOST

Here is an example of the design of the title slide of one of my presentations, close to the requirements of GOST:

On the slide you can see:

• Names of parent organization and implementing organization
• Type and name of work
• Position, and full name of the performer
• Artist contact details
• City and year of presentation

Students after the contact details need to add information about the leader(instead of a line about the educational institution in the example).

note that the design of the first slide is usually different from subsequent ones (general style observed), and the topic of the report is framed in the largest font.

Slide title font size must be at least 24, and preferably from 32 and above.

Always include a slide title (for each slide in your presentation). A distracted listener at any moment should understand what your report is about now!

Font size for body text it is better to choose from 24 to 28 (depending on the selected font type).

Less important material(additions and notes) can be designed in font from 20 to 24.


Keep in mind that the screen you'll be showing your presentation on will likely be quite far away from the audience. The presentation will look smaller than what is on your screen at the time of creation.

Move 2-3 meters away from the computer screen and try to read the text in the presentation. If the slides are difficult to read, increase the font size. If the text does not fit on one slide, break it into 2, 3 or more slides (the main thing is that the presentation is easy to view).

Try to find suitable images (photos, graphs, diagrams, etc.)


Remember that the presentation should be visual, and images greatly enhance visibility. Just do not overdo it, images should be replaced by text =)

Presentation these days is enough effective way delivering information to someone. It shows all the advantages or disadvantages of the project much better than a regular report. Now presentations are widely used in schools, higher educational institutions and, of course, at work. When you want to find investors for a project, or just want to tell subordinates or superiors about a new method of work or a detailed report for the year, you cannot do without a colorful and informative presentation.

You probably already know how to make a presentation. So in this article, we would like to tell you how to finish a presentation correctly. Many people are baffled by this question, some even end their story at the last material they can find, and few can really leave the audience with the feeling of a complete and extremely informative story. It is especially important to pay great attention to the end of the presentation if its purpose is not just to convey information, but to call for something, for example, to pay attention to the problem that you describe in your presentation, or to allocate money for the implementation of your project.

There are different ways to end your presentation, the choice of one of them directly depends on the style of your presentation. If its goal is not just to introduce you to a topic, then you should briefly recap all the benefits of this project in the final slide so that investors really want to take part in its development. And your project should look really attractive. When telling the information from the last slide, you need to change the intonation in order to attract the attention of the listeners - when a person understands that he is ending, he instinctively wants to finally catch the most important information. It is also important to once again talk about the basic principles of your project, it is even desirable to show a visual layout of your project so that the audience has the impression that the project was presented from all sides and as completely as possible, due to the fact that you can mentally visualize it.

As for the must-have words at the end of your presentation, you should thank the audience for their attention and ask if they have any questions left. This is very important, because understatement or misunderstanding of any aspects of the problem can significantly distort the impression of listeners.

Not everyone knows how to perform in front of an audience. To master this art, you need experience, some theoretical knowledge and the ability to remain calm in the face of an audience that is not always friendly. Any skill requires habit, and it arises, even with some abilities, only with practice. Important components of speech are the right plan, competent argumentation and a sharp word screwed in time. However, having mastered all these tricks, you should not forget that a long presentation can simply lull the audience if it is carried out monotonously and boringly. How can you learn all this? There are many ways, including special public speaking courses in which experienced professionals promise to reveal their professional secrets. But the time (and sometimes money) to visit training courses many are missing. In this case, first you need to learn a dozen rules that will help those who are going to become the new Cicero take the first step.

1. Be short and clear

Delivering long and ornate speeches is the shortest way to lose the attention of the audience, and at the same time best test to identify its most patient participants. The most persistent will remain, the rest will most likely run away, and if for some reason they cannot do this, they will spend the lecture time in a blissful slumber. But the point is not only that in just half an hour the attention of listeners will fall below all critical marks. The very idea of ​​a speech will become unclear not only to the public, but also to the speaker himself, it will “wash out” and be covered with a veil of fog in an endless stream of words. To prevent this from happening, you should prepare, develop key phrases, minimize the volume and try to achieve concentrated information content. You need to speak in short phrases filled with meaning.

2. Get attention

The audience perceives any lecturer as a kind of outsider, even if many in the audience know him personally. He has to win mutual understanding and trust, otherwise he will remain a stranger.

The best way to encourage the audience to be warm and friendly is to evoke an emotional response. It is not worth portraying a great experience, especially if there is none. To overcome the initial indifference, there are several tools, including:

An interesting and relevant anecdote;

Metaphors.

Other techniques are possible and even welcome: a self-critical commentary, a slight deviation from the given topic, sarcasm, telling a funny instructive story from one’s own childhood, a quote from the speech of some famous person. The main thing is not to forget during all this extravaganza about the meaning of your own performance and return to it in time. Happened? And now we can continue.

3. Retain the audience

Once the warm-up is over, the main concepts and key ideas that the audience will need to learn should be outlined. It is advisable not to deviate from the style chosen at the beginning of the presentation. If the beginning was ironic, you can not immediately move on to a boring monologue. From time to time, speech must be interspersed with short but bright jokes in order to keep the attention of the audience. It's easy to get off topic without a preplanned plan that includes highlights report.

4. Show a sense of humor

All the best speeches and presentations in the world, which have earned the recognition of millions of audiences, are filled with humor. An outstanding speaker uses his entire arsenal: natural charisma, humor, the ability to captivate. He often uses unexpected turns, says completely frivolous things, sometimes surprising respectable listeners with folk sayings, in general, he works on contrasts.

5. Tell, not rant

Some people seem to follow all the rules of oratory, but still manage to turn their presentation into a collection of chaotic information. To avoid incoherence, one must act systematically. You need to start with gaining attention, then briefly introduce the main concepts and goals, dwell in a little more detail on some critical aspects, draw logical conclusions and imprint clear concepts in the memory of the audience. The flow of information should naturally flow from one part of the speech to another, just as it happens in the plot of a literary work.

6. Be able to convey your thoughts

The oldest way to hone your oratory skills is speaking in front of a mirror. Everything should “work”: posture, voice timbre, stress, pauses and facial expressions. To be heard and understood, it is important to learn to speak slowly and loudly enough. Many famous orators, such as Demosthenes and King George VI, have worked hard to learn how to give speeches.

7. Articulation and gestures

A fussy person does not inspire confidence, but one should not stand motionless like a statue either. There is no need to be afraid to use gestures during a speech, this sometimes gives passion and confidence to speech. However, each movement must be deliberate and correspond to the meaning of the spoken phrases. It should express strength, but without tension. This is only achieved by practice.

8. Restore lost audience attention in time

In those moments when the lecturer is forced to move on to demonstrating tables and graphs, the attention of the audience is almost always dulled. It is important to be able to regain your listeners, for which you should dilute the dry numbers with some relevant story about an everyday life event that is close to most people. This will help each of them understand the meaning of the presented materials, which may have seemed boring, and restore the emotional connection between the speaker and his audience.

9. Use funny pictures

Illustrations can be very useful, and if you have to use them during a presentation, then it is best to make these slides or posters funny. The more humor in both text and images, the better. This is a great way to entertain listeners a little and lighten the mood.

10. End on a serious note

And finally, all is said and shown, but the speaker always wants the audience to remember the basic concepts and continue to think about what they heard after the presentation is over. That is why the listener needs to be calmed, and done as naturally as possible. The speech should end with the main idea of ​​the report, a relevant quote or even a rhetorical question. The most important task of a speaker is to make his audience think.

That's all the basic techniques, the use of which allows you to make interesting, memorable and fun presentations. Acting in this direction, you can eventually pass for an outstanding speaker, which will be an important plus in the career of any person.

Translation of the article “How to Close the Last Minutes of Your Presentation” about the correct completion of any presentation. Hint: never put the "Questions" slide at the end of your presentation - you will ruin your entire presentation!

The last few minutes of a presentation are some of the most valuable for a presenter.

To make the most lasting impact on your audience, use the last minutes of your presentation for a powerful close.

Here are some tips on how to end your presentation on a high note.

Don't end your presentation with a Q&A session

A question and answer (Q&A) session can rob your listeners of enthusiasm.
Since the announcement of a Q&A session typically signals the end of a presentation, those in attendance who have no questions for you may lose interest and even begin to pack up and prepare to leave the room. The state of restlessness and ease is often contagious - attendees who lose interest in the presentation will contribute to the loss of interest in the rest of the audience.

Make your audience aware that Q&A is not the end of your presentation.
"Before we wrap up on how to apply what you've learned to your career, I'd like to give you the floor and take a few minutes for a Q&A session." Wording like this serves several purposes: it communicates to the audience that there is more valuable information to come, and it also indicates that the Q&A session will be short and will not leave anyone nervous or bored on the assumption that it may drag on for a long time.

If your audience has a lot of questions, announce additional opportunity continue the dialogue with you.
You can provide your social media contacts to, for example, continue the discussion publicly on the forum, or the address Email if you prefer to have a private conversation. In addition, you may stay after the presentation to discuss matters in person. Finish it off with something more exciting than a regular Q&A session.

Make a lasting impact on your audience

Cheer up the room after a quick Q&A session.
Show your passion for the topic under discussion in a presentation for the most passive listeners. Remind enthusiastically of the value of the material you have provided, and in particular of the benefit that will come to those who follow your advice. Call the audience to action. It is important to end your presentation on a high note and with the audience in mind.

Why it works

Melissa Cardon, Professor of Management at Pace University in New York, has dedicated her career to studying leadership and its associated passion, and the relationship between passion, leadership, and business success.

The book Talk like TED states: “M. Cardon, along with dozens of different scientists in the field, found that more passionate leaders are more creative, set higher goals, show more perseverance, and their companies are known for being more productive.

They also found a direct relationship between the "passion and enthusiasm of presenters" and the likelihood that investors will take up funding their ideas.

Output

Don't let your presentation fall apart at the end. Try to leave an unforgettable impression of your presentation by ending it with a call to action, instead of a question and answer session that will encourage participants to act immediately - apply the knowledge immediately!