Factories built in recent years. Destroyed USSR and closed Soviet factories

You, of course, have come across the propaganda sheet “List of enterprises destroyed under Putin” online. It is spread with the same zeal by both open pro-Western oppositionists and that part of them that pretends to be communists.

The propaganda technique is simple - a long list of factories that allegedly worked perfectly until 2000, and which were supposedly "destroyed" with the tacit approval of our president, falls out on the reader. Since the general public does not like to work with large amounts of data, and since the general public prefers to take the word of those who say things that are pleasant to it, this list is perceived by disgruntled citizens as weighty evidence of the “anti-people” policy of destroying our industry.

How are things really?

In fact, since 2000, the industry, on the contrary, has been developing at a very good pace. Here are the lists of only the largest enterprises opened during this time:

Here is an incomplete list of newly opened shops and factories different sizes(including small businesses):

As you can see, comrades-in-arms, on our side the lists are more impressive. Moreover, as you can easily see when looking at the diagram attached to the article, it was thanks to liberal reforms that our industry more than doubled to the values ​​of 1991, and just during the presidency of Vladimir Putin, the industry showed a complete recovery:

Why do I write “full” when by 2015 the industry had formally grown only to about 90% by 1991?

Because in the USSR they planned, alas, quite badly - for a number of reasons. Because of this, a significant part of the factories produced unclaimed products, in fact, they simply spoiled the raw materials. This partly explains such a sharp decline in domestic industry during the Yeltsin period: let's not forget that the "effective owners" then destroyed not only normal factories, but also those factories that should have been closed under Khrushchev or Brezhnev.

I would like to emphasize that I am by no means an opponent of communism, much less an anti-Soviet. Anti-Sovietists are rather those propagandists who try to pretend that there were no problems in the USSR - neither cultural, nor social, nor economic. The collapse of the USSR is one of the main catastrophes of the 20th century, but if we pretend that the USSR collapsed solely due to external pressure, we will not be able to extract from the death Soviet Union important lessons for us.

So, although now formally the level of industrial production is about 90% of the level of 1991, however, in fact, this production is completely different. Let me draw a rough analogy: if you look at the height and weight of the young Schwarzenegger, we can conclude that he was obese - the weight was too large for his height. In fact, however, the actor was not fat, he just had a lot of muscles.

The same is true for our industry. Russian enterprises have shed fat and gained muscle over the past 25 years. Perhaps they are still far from the physical form of Schwarzenegger ... however, our industry is clearly moving in the right direction.

Since 1998, we have increased the export of petroleum products by three (!) times. Thanks to new refineries - and these are very large, complex and high-tech plants - we are now exporting less and less crude oil and more and more high-processed products every year.

It turned out the following. Of the 62 enterprises on the list, 37 operate, and 7 of them were not closed, but, on the contrary, revived from ruins. Twenty-five enterprises did close, but of these, 17 enterprises fell into a state of clinical death before 2000.

7 out of 62 enterprises were indeed closed for various reasons during the presidency of Vladimir Putin. If we consider our president responsible for everything that happens in the country, we can probably blame him for overlooking them.

Let me summarize

Now you know how to answer the claim “but under Putin, factories are closing.” I hope that soon this agitation will cease to be at all popular - just as another agitation disassembled on the "Spravochnik" about 90% of the population living in houses built "before Putin" has already ceased to enjoy the love of agitators.

INFORMATION FOR THINKING

It is often said that our industry was “ruined” by Yeltsin, Gaidar and Chubais. Yes, of course, they made their “indisputable contribution” to the cause of its destruction. But the BASIC enterprises were destroyed UNDER PUTIN. Here is the list:

Plant "Moskvich" (AZLK) (born 1930 - killed in 2002)
Plant "Red Proletarian" (genus 1857 - killed 2010)
Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant (born 1928 - killed in 2009)
Irbit Motorcycle Plant (Ural) (born 1941 - present in a coma after being wounded)
Pavlovsk tool factory (born 1820 - killed in 2011)
Plant "Record" (genus 1957 - killed 1996)
Lipetsk tractor plant(born 1943 - killed 2009)
Altai Tractor Plant (Rubtsovsk) (genus 1942 - killed 2010)
Avangard Shipbuilding Plant (Petrozavodsk) (born 1939 - killed in 2010)
Ship-repair plant JSC "HK Dalzavod" (Vladivostok) (born 1895 - killed in 2009)
Radio plant PO "Vega" (Berdsk, Novosibirsk region) (genus 1946 - killed 1999)
Saratov Aviation Plant (genus 1931 - killed 2010)
Omsk Transport Engineering Plant (born 1896 - killed in 2009)
Chelyabinsk watch factory "Lightning" (born 1947 - killed in 2009)
Uglich watch factory "Chaika" (born 1938 - killed in 2009)
Penza watch factory "Zarya" (genus 1935 - killed 1999)
The second Moscow watch factory "Slava" (born 1924 - killed in 2006)
Chistopol watch factory "Vostok" (born 1941 - killed in 2010)
Moscow Machine-Tool Plant named after V.I. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (b. 1932 - killed in 2007)
Plant "Stankomash" (Chelyabinsk) (born 1935 - killed in 2009)
Ryazan Machine Tool Plant (born 1949 - killed in 2008)
Kronstadt Marine Plant (born 1858 - killed in 2005)
Plant "Kuzbasselement" (born 1942 - killed in 2008)
Irkutsk plant of radio receivers (genus 1945 - killed 2007)
Precision casting plant "Centrolit" (Lipetsk) (born 1963 - killed in 2009)
Horsky plant "Biohim" (Khabarovsk Territory) (genus 1982 - killed 1997)
Tomsk Instrument Plant (born 1961 - killed in 2007)
Plant "Sivinit" (Krasnoyarsk) (genus 1970 - killed 2004)
Krasnoyarsk TV Factory (genus 1952 - killed 2003)
Plant "Dynamo" (Moscow) (born 1897 - killed in 2009)
Oryol Plant of Control Computers named after V.I. K.N. Rudneva (born 1968 - killed in 2006)
Orenburg hardware plant (born 1943 - killed in 2009)
Khabarovsk plant "EVGO" (genus 2000 - killed 2009)
Ulyanovsk Radiotube Plant (genus 1959 - killed 2003)
Plant them. Kozitsky (St. Petersburg) (born 1853 - present in a coma after being wounded)
Plant Sibelektrostal (Krasnoyarsk) (genus 1952 - killed 2008)
Oorenburg factory of silk fabrics "Orenburg Textile" (born 1972 - killed in 2004)
Baryshskaya factory them. Gladysheva (Ulyanovsk region) (born 1825 - killed in 2005)
Flax association them. I.D. Zvorykina (Kostroma) (born 1939 - killed in 2011)
Kamyshinsky cotton mill them. Kosygin (Volgograd region) (born 1955 - present in a coma after being wounded)
Trekhgornaya manufactory (Moscow) (born 1799 - present in a coma after being wounded)
Far Eastern Radio Plant (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) (genus 1993 - killed 2009)
Bicycle plant (Yoshkar-Ola) (born 1950 - killed in 2006)
Bicycle plant (Nizhny Novgorod) (born 1940 - killed in 2007)
Perm Bicycle Plant (born 1939 - killed in 2006)
Proletarian Plant (St. Petersburg) (born 1826 - present in a coma after being wounded)
Baltic Shipyard (born 1856 - killed in 2011)
Plant "Sibtyazhmash" (Krasnoyarsk) (genus 1941 - killed 2011)
Plant "Khimprom" (Volgograd) (genus 1931 - killed 2010)
Irkutsk Cardan Shaft Plant (born 1974 - killed in 2004)
Tchaikovsky Plant of Precision Engineering (Perm Territory) (genus 1978 - killed 1998)
Plant "Izhmash" (Izhevsk) (born 1807 - killed in 2012)
The Ural heavy engineering plant UZTM Uralmash is being finished off ...
and about 78,000 more plants and factories that perished in an unequal battle with market occupiers.
p.s. There is also, in addition to mechanical engineering, education, science, medicine, and so on. There are “achievements” of the same scale and character.

About enterprises supposedly NOT destroyed under Putin

Fritzmorgen, a full-time security guard, broke out with another cheerful fake, designed to mask and embellish the fact of Putin's de-industrialization of Russia. Here is what he writes:

You, of course, have come across the propaganda sheet “ List of enterprises destroyed under Putin". It is spread with the same zeal by both open pro-Western oppositionists and that part of them that pretends to be communists.

The campaign technique is simple - a long list of factories falls on the reader, which allegedly worked perfectly until 2000, and which were allegedly "destroyed" with the tacit approval of our president.

* - by the way, he deservedly wins the contest "I'm a dumb anti-Soviet".

Fritzmorgen is blatantly lying: this can be seen by looking at a sample of such an "agitation". There, in addition to a long list of destroyed and bankrupt factories under Putin, there are statistical data from Rosstat confirming the fact of the closure of factories. If anyone is too lazy to follow the links, then here is the data converted into a graph:

All the same data in digital form(the last column is the difference for 10 years):

As can be seen from the figures of Rosstat, since 2005, the manufacturing industry has decreased by 5.7 thousand large and medium-sized plants, i.e. every year under Putin, 570 factories disappeared, or 1.5 factories a day. This does not include other industries. Together with them, in 10 years we have lost about 35 thousand large and medium enterprises.

Further, the patient writes apparently about himself:
Because the general public does not like to work with large amounts of data, and since the general public prefers to take the word of those who say things pleasant to it, this list is perceived by disgruntled citizens as weighty evidence of the "anti-people" policy of destroying our industry ..

And for refutation, he refers to his resource “Reference book of a patriot (Ruexpert)”, where he dumps footcloths of enterprises built under Putin on people. That is, instead of figures and facts, he refutes one "footcloth" by another - supposedly longer.

Well, in order to seem completely smart, Fritz shakes the dynamics of industrial production in the Russian Federation in front of gullible readers:

Along the way, he does not forget to shit on the USSR, explaining:

Why do I write “full” when by 2015 the industry had formally grown only to about 90% by 1991?

Because in the USSR they planned, alas, quite badly - for a number of reasons. Because of this a significant part of the factories produced unclaimed products, in fact they simply spoiled the raw materials.

I will not refute this typical liberal nonsense. Just to clarify, his graph is given as a percentage of money terms, where the main increase was in the production of hydrocarbons:

The manufacturing industries, especially when viewed in physical terms, are in a deep anus:

I guess that's enough for smart people.

Massive layoffs, plant closures and wage delays – the crisis in Russia is gradually starting to gain momentum. Experts warn that the current difficulties are still flowers, the crisis will reach its peak in a few months.

Last week, the Ministry of Labor said that the number of unemployed in Russia exceeded the psychological mark of 1 million people. According to the head of the department, Maxim Topilin, this figure is “not encouraging”, although, as the official noted, he does not yet see serious negative trends in the domestic labor market.

It is noteworthy that these statements were made immediately after the closure of its factories in Russia announced the automotive giant General Motors. And if only he! About the future massive layoffs today others are vying with each other large companies- in early April, it became known that the PSMA Rus concern (a joint venture between Peugeot Citroen and Mitsubishi Motors) intends to suspend the production of a number of its models at the plant in Kaluga. Moreover, it is possible that in the end the matter will not be limited to the closure of production facilities with foreign capital (see reference). And then already the current level of unemployment may seem like a triumph of peace and economic stability.

They will cut everyone

If the Minister of Labor turned out to be right about something, it is that there are no negative trends in the market yet. Especially if you try to see these trends in statistical indicators. Judge for yourself: in the prosperous pre-crisis year of 2013, the unemployment rate in the country was 5.5%, in the past 2014 it was 5.2%. As of February 1 of the current year - 5.8%. For comparison: in Europe, the average unemployment rate exceeds 11%, and in Greece, which is preparing for a default, it reaches 20%.

“The problem is not so much that unemployment as such will grow, it is already quite high in our country, despite the official figures,” said Dmitry Nesvetov, a member of the Council of the Moscow branch of Opora Rossii. - The problem is that in connection with the crisis, the shadow sector of the economy will grow. And this danger is much more significant.”

The government warned about this long before the crisis. In particular, Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets publicly stated about a year ago: according to her, more than 20% of the able-bodied population in the country works "in the shadows." “Therefore, all the figures on the dynamics of unemployment and the unemployment rate, even in non-crisis times, are a very big slyness. And the government understands this,” says Dmitry Nesvetov.

However, apparently, in the near future it will not be possible to avoid growth and official indicators. Today, almost all major companies are announcing upcoming cuts. Russian companies. In particular, on

KamAZ is preparing to “optimize” personnel for 3,850 people in the near future. The reductions in Aeroflot have already begun. “We have an anti-crisis program, there are three packages. Unfortunately, we had to open the first package. This is a package that requires headcount optimization, and such optimization is taking place at Donavia, in Orenburg, at Rossiya Airlines and at Aeroflot, it is starting,” said Vitaly Savelyev, CEO of the air carrier.

A personnel optimization program has also been launched at Rusal, where up to 5,000 people may lose their jobs in the near future. True, the company's management stipulates that only office employees will be laid off. But that doesn't make it any easier.

Pikalevo again?

Meanwhile, the words of company executives that the “office plankton”, which no one needs, will fall under the reduction, are less and less believed. “Due to the geopolitical situation, the country found itself in economic isolation. And it hits production the hardest. Therefore, there is no doubt that a significant part of them will either reduce their volumes or curtail production as a whole,” predicts Dmitry Nesvetov.

If the experts' worst fears are justified, then the problem of production closures may hit single-industry towns the most. As it was in 2009, when there was a crisis in Pikalevo, associated with the closure of three enterprises there at once.

So far, the government assures that they keep the situation in single-industry towns under control. In the anti-crisis plan of the government, single-industry towns even have a separate item dedicated to them. A specially created Fund for the Development of Monotowns is called upon to solve their problems, to which 8 billion rubles should be allocated from the budget this year. However, so far the Foundation has not shown any active activity. Meanwhile, in Russia there are 313 cities with a single city-forming enterprise, 75 of which even the officials themselves singled out as a separate category with difficult socio-economic conditions. In total, 15 million people live in Russian single-industry towns.

At the same time, some experts believe that it is still premature to wait for new "pikalyovs". “The situation in the economy is really problematic, but it’s too early to talk about the emergence of new “pikal” ones. We are in a state of recession, out of which only deep structural transformations can help,” Anton Stepanov, a member of the General Council of Delovaya Rossiya, believes. According to him, there is no problem of mass closure of production today. At the same time, the expert believes that the main problem of the current crisis is the decrease in effective demand created as individuals as well as enterprises. “Such a decrease in purchasing activity leads to a decrease in the volume of production, and, consequently, to an increase in the costs of enterprises and a deterioration in financial results. But there are also positive aspects: due to the sharp increase in exchange rates, import substitution is really taking place,” says Anton Stepanov.

Closed or suspended factories

On March 2, the Coca-Cola plant was closed in Nizhny Novgorod. The company explained this decision not at all by a crisis, but by the need to transfer production from an outdated production site to modern ones (Coca-Cola has 12 plants in Russia in total). However, the closure of the plant in Nizhny Novgorod resulted in an 11% reduction in staff.

In Kaluga, from April 27 to July 10, it is planned to suspend the PSMA Rus automobile plant (produces Citroen C4, Peugeot 408 and Mitsubishi models. The production of the latter is stopped until May 12). The company's management promises all employees to compensate for the downtime of the enterprise.

On March 18, General Motors announced the closure of its plant in St. Petersburg, as well as the suspension of assembly at the facilities of Avtotor Kaliningrad and Nizhny Novgorod GAZ. The Tver Carriage Works (TVZ), which is part of Transmashholding, announced the suspension of work on February 9 .

In early January, the Korean company LG Hausys announced the closure of factories in Elektrostal and Novokuznetsk for the production of plastic windows and doors. The reason for the closure is low profitability. The business is up for sale.

Last autumn, the SUN InBev brewing concern stopped the work of its plant in Angarsk. The enterprise remains in the ownership of the company for the time being, its future fate will depend on the economic situation. Meanwhile, the plant in Angarsk has already become the fourth production facility that SUN InBev closed in our country. In March 2014, the plant was closed in Perm, in the middle of 2013 - in Novocheboksarsk, in 2012 - in Kursk.

Since April 30, Baltika Brewing Company has ceased operations of two of its plants at once - in Chelyabinsk and Krasnoyarsk.

Altai Tractor Plant (Rubtsovsk) (genus 1942 - killed 2010)

The country has returned to small-scale production and subsistence farming with a predominance of manual labor, Novye Izvestiya writes.

Heated discussion in in social networks reasons for another "space failure" prompted bloggers to recall all Russia's losses over the past 20 years. An exhaustive list of those with the sarcastic title "Achievements" was presented by blogger Veronika Maruseva:

Achievements
Plant "Moskvich" (AZLK) (genus 1930 - killed 2010)
Plant "Red Proletarian" (genus 1857 - killed 2010)
Izhevsk Motorcycle Plant (born 1928 - killed in 2009)
Irbit Motorcycle Plant (Ural) (born 1941 - present in a coma after being wounded)
Pavlovsk tool factory (born 1820 - killed in 2011)
Lipetsk Tractor Plant (born 1943 - killed in 2009)
(born 1942 - killed 2010)
Avangard Shipbuilding Plant (Petrozavodsk) (born 1939 - killed in 2010)
Ship-repair plant JSC "HK Dalzavod" (Vladivostok) (born 1895 - killed in 2009)
(Berdsk, Novosibirsk region) (born 1946 - killed in 1999)
Saratov Aviation Plant (genus 1931 - killed 2010)
Omsk Transport Engineering Plant (born 1896 - killed in 2009)
Chelyabinsk watch factory "Lightning" (born 1947 - killed in 2009)
Uglich watch factory "Chaika" (born 1938 - killed in 2009)
The second Moscow watch factory "Slava" (born 1924 - killed in 2006)
Chistopol watch factory "Vostok" (born 1941 - killed in 2010)
Moscow Machine-Tool Plant named after V.I. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (b. 1932 - killed in 2007)
Plant "Stankomash" (Chelyabinsk) (born 1935 - killed in 2009)
Ryazan Machine Tool Plant (born 1949 - killed in 2008)
Kronstadt Marine Plant (born 1858 - killed in 2005)
Plant "Kuzbasselement" (born 1942 - killed in 2008)
Irkutsk plant of radio receivers (genus 1945 - killed 2007)
Precision casting plant "Centrolit" (Lipetsk) (born 1963 - killed in 2009)
Tomsk Instrument Plant (born 1961 - killed in 2007)
Plant "Sivinit" (Krasnoyarsk) (genus 1970 - killed 2004)
Krasnoyarsk TV Factory (genus 1952 - killed 2003)
Plant "Dynamo" (Moscow) (born 1897 - killed in 2009)
Oryol Plant of Control Computers named after V.I. K.N. Rudneva (born 1968 - killed in 2006)
Orenburg hardware plant (born 1943 - killed in 2009)
Khabarovsk plant "EVGO" (genus 2000 - killed 2009)
Ulyanovsk Radiotube Plant (genus 1959 - killed 2003)
Plant Sibelektrostal (Krasnoyarsk) (genus 1952 - killed 2008)
Orenburg factory of silk fabrics "Orenburg Textile" (born 1972 - killed in 2004)
Baryshskaya factory them. Gladysheva (Ulyanovsk region) (born 1825 - killed in 2005)
Flax association them. I.D. Zvorykina (Kostroma) (born 1939 - killed in 2011)
Far Eastern Radio Plant (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) (genus 1993 - killed 2009)
Bicycle plant (Yoshkar-Ola) (born 1950 - killed in 2006)
Bicycle plant (Nizhny Novgorod) (born 1940 - killed in 2007)
Perm Bicycle Plant (born 1939 - killed in 2006)
Baltic Shipyard (born 1856 - killed in 2011)
Plant "Sibtyazhmash" (Krasnoyarsk) (genus 1941 - killed 2011)
Plant "Khimprom" (Volgograd) (genus 1931 - killed 2010)
Irkutsk Cardan Shaft Plant (born 1974 - killed in 2004)
Plant "Izhmash" (Izhevsk) (born 1807 - killed in 2012) ...

... and about 78 thousand more plants and factories.

In March 2001, the Mir space station was flooded.
In December 2010, three satellites of the Glonass system were not put into orbit at once, they sank in the ocean. (“Glonass” - development of the USSR).
In February 2011, the geodetic spacecraft military purpose "Geo-IK-2".
In August 2011, the Express-AM4 telecommunication device was lost and cargo Ship"Progress".
In November 2011, a failure with Phobos-Grunt.
In December 2011, the Meridian satellite was lost.
In August 2012, failure with two communication satellites "Express-MD2" and Telkom 3.

The number of people working in the countryside is 1.17 million people (it has decreased by 5 times over 20 years). There are more than 5 million unemployed people in the countryside (they are not taken into account, because they have subsidiary farms).
20 years ago Russia had 48,000 large collective agricultural holdings. Today their number has decreased by five times, 30% of them are unprofitable. The country returned to small-scale production and subsistence farming with a predominance of manual labor.

Today, more than 50% of livestock products and 90% of vegetables are produced in private households. Machines have been replaced by manual labor. In terms of labor productivity, the country is 8 times behind the EU level.

The products grown from a private trader are bought up by diasporas of resellers for a pittance. There are no demand unions for a long time.

Closed 15,600 clubs, 4,300 libraries, 22,000 kindergartens, 14,000 schools.
20,000 villages have disappeared, leaving 47,000 villages, many of which are eking out a beggarly existence by a few old people living out their lives.

In 1990, the USSR produced 214,000 tractors and 65,000 combines. Now in the Russian Federation - 8 and 7 thousand, respectively.
Of the 21 million cows (in the RSFSR), less than 7 million remained.
During the years of reforms, the volume of agricultural production has decreased by almost 2 times. The country has lost food independence and today it buys almost 50% of food. Agricultural engineering is in a catastrophic state. The entire agrarian infrastructure of the USSR disappeared, including 27,000 collective farms and 23,000 state farms provided with agricultural machinery and qualified personnel.

After decollectivization, the situation in the village became critical - no people, no work, no equipment. The land, which was cultivated for hundreds of years, has already become overgrown with small forests by 35% in 20 years.