Perspective developments in rocket and space. Conceptual spaceships of the future (photo)

Domestic cosmonauts should be trained not for work on the ISS, but for expeditions to the Moon and Mars. This is the opinion of the Deputy Head of the Cosmonautics Training Center (TsPK) for scientific work Boris Kryuchkov. According to him, the system of selection and training of cosmonauts that exists today in Russia is not able to provide the proper level of development of manned cosmonautics. The main tasks for the development of Russian manned space exploration until 2020 are experiments and research conducted on the domestic segment of the ISS, as well as the development of a new transport and technical support system based on a new generation manned spacecraft.

At the same time, our country must effectively explore the near-Earth space and implement the program for the development of the natural satellite of the Earth and develop the basic technologies for preparing a manned flight to Mars and other planets of our solar system. It is obvious that the development of Russian manned cosmonautics in this direction cannot be complete without changing the existing system of training and selection of cosmonauts in the Russian Federation, since it imposes new requirements on the tasks, the technical means used and the conditions for training and selection.

The development of manned cosmonautics should be carried out precisely in the spirit of the long-term tasks facing us. One of the main elements of the development and modernization of the CPC should be the creation of a modern scientific and technical complex for the training of cosmonauts, as well as the creation of the necessary infrastructure, the organization and conduct of experimental design and research work for the development of manned flights. The training of qualified personnel of the CPC itself will also be of great importance, Boris Kryuchkov believes.

The prospects for the development of Russian cosmonautics were the subject of a meeting between Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, who oversees the development of the defense industry, and the leadership of Roscosmos, held on September 23, 2014. After our country decided to resume the program aimed at the exploration of the Moon, the Russian authorities decided on the beginning of its active phase. According to Oleg Ostapenko, head of Roscosmos, full-scale exploration of the moon by Russia will begin in the late 20s and early 30s. In general, the government is ready to provide 321 billion rubles for the study of space until 2025, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said.

In formalized form, according to Ostapenko, the new draft of the Russian Federal Space Program for 2016-2025 will be agreed with the government in the near future. According to him, the program has almost completely completed the approval process. He told reporters about this at a meeting at the Cosmonaut Training Center. The new Russian program envisages, in particular, the development of a super-heavy launch vehicle, the active development of the Earth's natural satellite, the creation of a robot cosmonaut who will assist the ISS crew during spacewalks.

According to RIA "", part of the named amount will be used to develop new modules for the ISS, as well as to develop a new Russian automatic spacecraft called OKA-T. OKA-T is a self-contained technological module, a planned multi-purpose space laboratory, which will be part of the Russian segment of the ISS. In this case, the module will be able to work in space separately from the station. From time to time, it will dock with the ISS, the crew of which will take over the functions of refueling, servicing the scientific equipment on board and other operations.

According to the Deputy Prime Minister, the OKA-T device is designed to solve scientific tasks under blue vacuum conditions. On the this moment time, all space experiments on board the ISS are carried out in accordance with the long-term Russian program of scientific and applied research. Among these experiments are studies of chemical and physical processes, as well as materials in the conditions of their presence in space. Also, as Rogozin noted, research of our planet from space, biotechnology, space biology, space exploration technologies are being implemented and planned. A lot of things have been planned and are being implemented, Rogozin noted, stressing that today the state allocates significant funds for space research.

Also at a meeting on the development of Russian cosmonautics, Rogozin raised the question of the advisability of developing manned cosmonautics in the aspect of the International Space Station. The Russian Deputy Prime Minister drew attention to the current geopolitical situation, noting that the Russian Federation should be as pragmatic as possible in the current realities. Earlier, Dmitry Rogozin already said that after 2020 Russia could focus its efforts on more promising space projects than the ISS, turning its attention to the creation of purely national projects.

A possible termination of international cooperation within the framework of the ISS project may occur between 2020 and 2028. The domestic space industry is preparing for such a development of the situation. RSC Energia has previously made a proposal to develop an independent Russian project an orbital base located in low Earth orbit using three Russian modules from the ISS - two scientific and energy and one nodal. Such a base may be needed as part of the creation of a space port in orbit. Without the presence of such a port, it is difficult to think about the development of the solar system and the resources available in it. In the future, on such a base, the process of assembling and servicing various interplanetary space complexes can be established. Someone will say that these are matters of the distant future, but the specialists of RSC Energia are simply obliged to look decades ahead in order to more accurately determine the vector of development of Russian cosmonautics.

In this regard, the ship-module OKA-T, which should appear as part of the ISS infrastructure in the near future, is of great importance. This free-flying technology ship at some distance from the station is scheduled to be launched into space in 2018. "OKA-T" will become the prototype of the first industrial workshop located in the Earth's orbit. On board the ship, it is planned to carry out various scientific research and obtain new materials (including medicines) with properties that are impossible to achieve on Earth. It is not possible to establish such production on the ISS itself due to constant vibrations and the presence of microgravity. At the same time, the conditions for this will be ideal on the free-flying unmanned ship-module "OKA-T". Once every 6 months, such a ship will dock with the ISS for Maintenance and loading / unloading of raw materials and finished products.

Information sources:
http://vpk-news.ru/articles/22268
http://www.newsru.com/russia/23sep2014/luna.html
http://www.politforums.net/culture/1366236010.html
http://mir24.tv/news/Science/11284833

The MRKS-1 project is a partially reusable vertical take-off launch vehicle, which is based on a winged reusable first stage, upper stages and disposable second stages. The first stage is carried out according to the aircraft scheme and is returnable. It returns to the launch area in airplane mode and makes a horizontal landing at 1st class airfields. The winged reusable block of the 1st stage of the missile system will be equipped with reusable liquid propellant rocket engines (LRE).

At present, the GKNPTs im. Khrunichev, design and development and research work is in full swing to develop and justify the technical appearance, as well as specifications reusable space rocket system. This system is being created within the framework of the federal space program together with many related enterprises.

However, let's talk a little about history. The first generation of reusable spacecraft includes 5 Space Shuttle-type spacecraft, as well as several domestic developments of the BOR and Buran series. In these projects, both the Americans and Soviet specialists tried to build a reusable spacecraft itself (the last stage, which is directly launched into space). The goals of these programs were as follows: the return of a significant amount of payloads from space, reducing the cost of launching payloads into space, preserving expensive and complex spacecraft for multiple use, and the possibility of carrying out frequent launches of a reusable stage.

However, the 1st generation of reusable space systems was not able to solve their problems with a sufficient level of efficiency. The unit cost of access to space turned out to be approximately 3 times higher compared to ordinary disposable rockets. At the same time, the return of payloads from space has not increased significantly. At the same time, the resource of using reusable stages turned out to be significantly lower than the calculated one, which did not allow the use of these ships in a busy schedule of space launches. As a result, today both satellites and astronauts are delivered to Earth orbit using disposable rocket systems. And there is nothing at all to return expensive equipment and devices from near-Earth orbit. Only the Americans made themselves a small automatic ship X-37B, which is designed for military needs and has a payload of less than 1 ton. It is obvious to everyone that modern reusable systems should be qualitatively different from representatives of the 1st generation.

In Russia, work is being carried out on several reusable space systems. However, it is quite obvious that the most promising will be the so-called aerospace system. Ideally, the spacecraft would have to take off from the airfield like an ordinary plane, go into low Earth orbit and return back, consuming only fuel. However, this is the most difficult option, which requires a large number of technical solutions and preliminary studies. This option cannot be implemented quickly by any modern state. Although Russia has a fairly large scientific and technical backlog for projects of this kind. For example, the "aerospace aircraft" Tu-2000, which had a fairly detailed study. The implementation of this project at one time was prevented by a lack of funding after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s, as well as the absence of a number of critical and complex components.

There is also an intermediate option, in which the space system consists of a reusable spacecraft and a reusable booster stage. Work on similar systems was carried out back in the USSR, for example, the Spiral system. There are also much newer developments. But even this scheme of a reusable space system assumes the presence of a rather long cycle of design and research work in numerous areas.

Therefore, the main attention in Russia is focused on the MRKS-1 program. This program stands for "reusable rocket and space system of the 1st stage." Despite this “first stage”, the system being created will be very functional. It's just that within the framework of a fairly large general program for the creation of the latest space systems, this program has the closest deadlines for final implementation.

The system proposed by the MRKS-1 project will be a two-stage one. Its main purpose is to launch absolutely any spacecraft (transport, manned, automatic) weighing up to 25-35 tons, both already existing and in the process of being created, into near-Earth orbit. The payload weight put into orbit is greater than that of the Protons. However fundamental difference from existing launch vehicles will be different. The MRKS-1 system will not be disposable. Its 1st stage will not burn up in the atmosphere or fall to the ground as a set of debris. Having dispersed the 2nd stage (it is disposable) and the payload, the 1st stage will land, like the space shuttles of the twentieth century. To date, this is the most promising way for the development of space transport systems.

In practice, this project is a phased modernization of the Angara disposable launch vehicle currently being created. Actually, the MRKS-1 project itself was born as a further development of the project of the GKNPTs them. Khrunichev, where, together with NPO Molniya, a reusable booster of the 1st stage of the Angara launch vehicle was created, which received the designation "Baikal" (the model of "Baikal" was shown for the first time at MAKS-2001). Baikal used the same automatic system control, which allowed the Soviet space shuttle "Buran" to fly without a crew on board. This system provides support for the flight at all its stages - from the moment of launch to the landing of the device at the airfield, this system will be adapted for the MRKS-1.

Unlike the Baikal project, the MRKS-1 will not have folding planes (wings), but fixed ones. Such technical solution will reduce the likelihood of emergency situations when the vehicle enters the landing trajectory. But the recently tested design of the reusable accelerator will still undergo changes. As Sergei Drozdov, who is the head of the department of aerothermodynamics of high-speed aircraft at TsAGI, noted, the specialists were “surprised by the high heat fluxes on the wing center section, which will undoubtedly entail a change in the design of the device.” In September-October of this year, the MRKS-1 models will undergo a series of tests in transonic and hypersonic wind tunnels.

At the 2nd stage of the implementation of this program, they plan to make the 2nd stage reusable, and the mass of the payload launched into space will have to grow to 60 tons. But even the development of a reusable accelerator of only the 1st stage is already a real breakthrough in the development of modern space transport systems. And the most important thing is that Russia is moving towards this breakthrough, maintaining its status as one of the world's leading space powers.

To date, MRKS-1 is considered as a universal multi-purpose vehicle designed to launch spacecraft and payloads of various purposes, manned and cargo ships on programs for the development of near-Earth space by mankind, exploration of the Moon and Mars, as well as other planets of our solar system.

The composition of the MRKS-1 includes a reentry rocket unit (VRB), which is a reusable booster of the 1st stage, a disposable booster of the 2nd stage, as well as a space warhead (SHR). The VRB and the second stage booster are docked with each other in a batch scheme. MRKS modifications with different payloads (the mass of cargo delivered to a low reference orbit is from 20 to 60 tons) are proposed to be built taking into account unified stage I and II boosters using a single ground complex. In the future, this will make it possible to ensure in practice a reduction in the labor intensity of work on a technical position, maximum serial production and the possibility of developing a cost-effective family of space carriers based on basic modules.

Development and construction of the MRKS-1 family of different payloads based on unified disposable and reusable stages that will meet the requirements for advanced space transport systems and are capable of solving problems of launching both unique expensive space objects and serial objects with very high efficiency and reliability. spacecraft can become a very serious alternative in a number of new generation launch vehicles that will be operated for a long time in the 21st century.

At present, TsAGI specialists have already managed to evaluate the rational frequency of use of the MRKS-1 stage I, as well as options for demonstrators of returnable rocket blocks and the need for their implementation. The returned MRKS-1 stage I will ensure a high level of safety and reliability and completely abandon the allocation of drop areas for separable parts, which will significantly increase the efficiency of the implementation of promising commercial programs. The above advantages for Russia are extremely important, as for the only state in the world that has a continental location of existing and promising spaceports.

TsAGI believes that the creation of the MRKS-1 project is a qualitatively new step in the design of promising reusable space Vehicle launch into orbit. Such systems fully meet the level of development of rocket and space technology of the 21st century and have significantly higher rates of economic efficiency.

Russian space industry considered one of the most powerful in the world. The state is a leader in launches into orbit and manned flights, maintaining parity with America in the field of navigation. Approximately 40% of the launches carried out in the twenty-first century were made from domestic spaceports and the Kazakh Baikonur, leased by the Russian Federation until 2050.

Rocket and space industry of the Russian Federation

The country's space industry employs about a hundred enterprises, employing a quarter of a million people. Most of them are the "heirs" of Soviet design bureaus and factories. The largest contractor for manned flights is Energia Corporation named after V.I. Queen. The Progress and Soyuz-TMA spacecraft, as well as equipment for the international program to create the ISS, are being developed here.

"GKNPTs" them. Khrunichev and TsSKB-Progress specialize in the production of launch vehicles and upper stages. Their products are in demand not only by domestic, but also by leading foreign centers. In "Information Satellite Systems" satellites are being developed. In the sector of interplanetary probes, NPO im. Lavochkin.

Russian space industry in 2016

Last year was marked for the industry by the loss of leadership in the number of starts. One more launch was made from American and Chinese sites (19 each). The lag behind the US and the EU has increased in a number of areas, for example, deep space exploration, the development of a radiation-resistant element base and remote sensing of the planet. One of the main topics of 2016 was the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome, which was accompanied by numerous financial scandals.

In 2014, the “FKP for 2016-2025” was developed. with a budget of 2.85 trillion rubles. In addition to standard industry support, the program includes the development of a super-heavy launch vehicle for a manned flight to the Moon and a number of other interesting projects. However, it soon became clear that the Russian space industry could not count on the promised amount of funding in the near future.

In 2015, a new version was prepared, providing for a reduction in the budget to two trillion rubles, but the economic ministry agreed to allocate only half of this amount. As a result tough negotiations the parties agreed on a compromise in the form of 1.406 trillion rubles. If the financial situation in the country improves, after 2020 another 115 billion rubles will be added.

Authoritative opinion

The infamous vice president D. Rogozin, who is also the chairman of the supervisory board of Roskosmos, expressed the opinion at the end of May last year that even an increase in productivity by one and a half times would not allow the Russian space industry to catch up with the United States. According to him, the country's lag in this area is ninefold. The official calls the bureaucracy the main reason, for some reason “forgetting” about corruption.

It's funny that a couple of years ago Rogozin himself would have attacked with the most severe criticism anyone who would dare to voice such a "heresy". At the beginning of the introduction of Western sanctions, the politician spoke of the Americans exclusively in a caustic tone. The famous "trampolines to the moon", recommended by the United States, have long become an Internet meme. It is difficult to understand what the current self-abasement is connected with.

prospects

Despite Rogozin's pessimism, reduced funding for educational and scientific programs, and the lack of fully independent access to orbit, the Russian space industry continues to be one of the world leaders. Developers face many interesting and important tasks. We list only some of the projects that should be implemented in the coming years.

First of all, this is the creation of a system capable of serving individual objects in orbits, the development of inexpensive small-sized devices for studying rays, the resumption complex analysis Moon with the help of automation, development and improvement of the navigation system "Glonass". In addition, work will continue on the modernization of domestic spaceports.

One of the priorities of the space industry is the commissioning of the Millimetron infrared and millimeter-wave observatory, equipped with a powerful cryogenic telescope. It is planned to launch the facility after 2019. Domestic specialists continue to actively participate in the ISS program and international projects on the exploration of Jupiter, Mars and the Moon. Manned flights to other planets are not planned in the next few decades. The development of private cosmonautics in the Russian Federation in the current realities looks unpromising.

The rearmament of the fleet and the army is not only about the supply of modern equipment to the troops. New types of weapons are constantly being created in the Russian Federation. Their future development is also being decided. Consider further the latest military developments in Russia in some areas.

Strategic intercontinental missile

This type is an important weapon. The basis of the missile forces of the Russian Federation are liquid heavy ICBMs "Sotka" and "Voevoda". Their service life has been extended three times. Currently, a heavy Sarmat complex has been developed to replace them. It is a hundred-ton class missile that carries at least ten multiple warheads in the head element. The main characteristics of "Sarmat" have already been assigned. Serial production is scheduled to begin at the legendary Krasmash, for the reconstruction of which 7.5 billion rubles have been allocated from the Federation budget. Promising combat equipment is already being created, including individual breeding units with promising means of overcoming missile defense (ROC "Inevitability" - "Breakthrough").

Installation "Vanguard"

In 2013, the commanders of the Strategic Missile Forces conducted an experimental launch of this medium-class ballistic intercontinental missile. It was the fourth launch since 2011. Three previous launches were also successful. In this test, the rocket flew with a mock combat unit. It replaced the previously used ballast. "Vanguard" is a fundamentally newest rocket, which is not considered a continuation of the Topol family. The command of the Strategic Missile Forces calculated an important fact. It lies in the fact that Topol-M can hit 1 or 2 anti-missiles (for example, american style SM-3), and one "Vanguard" will require at least 50. That is, the effectiveness of a missile defense breakthrough has increased significantly.

In the installation of the "Avangard" type, the already familiar missile with a multiple head element of personal guidance has been replaced by the latest system, which has a guided warhead (UBB). This is an important innovation. The blocks in the MIRV are located in 1 or 2 tiers (in the same way as in the Voevoda installation) around the breeding stage engine. By command of the computer, the stage begins to turn towards one of the targets. Then, with a small impulse of the engine, the warhead released from the mounts is sent to the target. Its flight is carried out along a ballistic curve (like a thrown stone), without maneuvering in height and course. In turn, the controlled unit, unlike the specified element, looks like an independent rocket with a personal guidance and control system, an engine and rudders resembling conical "skirts" at the bottom. This is an efficient device. The engine can allow him to maneuver in space, and in the atmosphere - "skirt". Due to this control, the warhead flies 16,000 km from a 250-kilometer altitude. In general, the range of the Avangard can be more than 25,000 km.

Bottom missile systems

The latest military developments of Russia are also present in this area. Here, too, there are innovations. Back in the summer of 2013, tests were carried out in the White Sea of ​​such weapons as the new Skif ballistic missile, which is capable of standby mode on the ocean or seabed at the right time, shoot and hit a land and sea object. It uses the thickness of the ocean as the original mine installation. The location of these systems at the bottom of the water element will provide the necessary invulnerability to the weapons of retaliation.

The latest military developments in Russia - mobile missile systems

Much work has been invested in this direction. The Russian Defense Ministry in 2013 began testing a new hypersonic missile. Its flight speed is approximately 6 thousand km / h. It is known that today hypersonic technology is being researched in Russia in several developing areas. Along with this, the Russian Federation also produces combat rail and sea missile systems. This significantly upgrades weapons. In this direction, experimental design of the latest military developments in Russia is actively carried out.

Also, the so-called throw test launches of Kh-35UE missiles were successfully completed. They were fired from installations placed in a cargo-type container of the Club-K complex. The Kh-35 anti-ship missile is distinguished by its flight to the target and stealth at a height not exceeding 15 meters, and at the final section of its trajectory - 4 meters. The presence of a powerful warhead and a combined homing system allows one unit of this weaponry to completely destroy a militarized ship with a displacement of 5 thousand tons. For the first time, a model of this missile system was shown in Malaysia in 2009, in a military technical salon.

He immediately made a splash, as the Club-K is a typical twenty and forty-foot cargo containers. This Russian military equipment is transported by rail, sea vessels or trailers. Command posts and launchers with Kh-35UE 3M-54E and 3M-14E multipurpose missiles are placed in said container. They can hit both land and surface targets. Every container ship that carries the Club-K is, in principle, a missile carrier with a devastating salvo.

This is an important weapon. Absolutely any echelon with these installations or a convoy, which includes heavy-duty container carriers, is a powerful missile unit that can appear in any unexpected place. Successfully conducted tests proved that Club-K is not a fiction, it is a real combat system. These new developments of military equipment are a confirmed fact. Similar tests are also being prepared with 3M-14E and 3M-54E missiles. By the way, the 3M-54E missile can completely destroy an aircraft carrier.

Strategic bomber of the latest generation

At present, the Tupolev company is developing and improving a promising aviation complex (PAK DA). He is a Russian strategic bomber-missile carrier newest generation. This aircraft is not an improvement of the TU-160, but will be an innovative aircraft based on the latest solutions. In 2009, a contract was signed between the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Tupolev company to conduct R&D on the basis of the PAK DA for a period of three years. In 2012, an announcement was made that the PAK DA preliminary project had already been completed and signed, and then the latest military research and development began.

In 2013, this was approved by the command of the Russian Air Force. PAK DA is famous for itself as modern nuclear missile carriers TU-160 and TU-95MS.
Of several options, they settled on a subsonic stealth aircraft with a “flying wing” scheme. This military equipment of Russia is not able to overcome the speed of sound due to its design features and huge wingspan, but it can be invisible to radars.

Future missile defense

Work continues on the creation of the S-500 missile defense system. In this newest generation, it is planned to use separate tasks for the neutralization of aerodynamic and ballistic missiles. The S-500 differs from the S-400, designed for air defense, in that it is being created as an anti-missile defense system.

It will also be able to fight hypersonic weapons that are actively developing in the United States. These new military Russian developments are important. The S-500 is an aerospace defense system that they want to build in 2015. It will have to neutralize objects that fly at an altitude above 185 km and at a distance of more than 3,500 km from the launch facility. At the moment, the draft sketch has already been completed and promising military developments in Russia are being carried out in this direction. The main purpose of this complex will be the destruction of the latest models of air-type attack weapons, which are produced today in the world. It is assumed that this system will be able to perform tasks both in the stationary version and when moving into the combat zone. which Russia is due to start producing in 2016, will be equipped with a shipborne version of the S-500 anti-missile system.

Combat lasers

There are many interesting things in this direction. Russia began military developments in this area before the United States of America and has in its arsenal the most experienced samples of high-precision chemical combat lasers. Russian developers tested the first such installation back in 1972. Then, with the help of a domestic mobile "laser gun", it was possible to successfully hit a target in the air. So in 2013, the Russian Ministry of Defense requested to continue work on the creation of combat lasers that are capable of hitting satellites, aircraft and ballistic missiles.
This is important in modern weapons. New military developments in Russia in the field of lasers are being carried out by the Almaz-Antey air defense organization, the Taganrog Aviation Scientific and Technical Concern. Beriev and the company "Khimpromavtomatika". All this is controlled by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. began to modernize again the A-60 flying laboratories (based on the Il-76), which are used to test the latest laser technologies. They will be based at an airfield near Taganrog.

prospects

In the future, with successful development in this area, the Russian Federation will build one of the most powerful lasers in the world. This device in Sarov will occupy an area equal to two football fields, and at its highest point it will reach the size of a 10-storey building. The facility will be equipped with 192 laser channels and enormous laser pulse energy. For the French and American analogues, it is equal to 2 megajoules, and for Russia it is approximately 1.5-2 times higher. The superlaser will be able to create colossal temperatures and densities in matter, which are the same as in the Sun. This device will also simulate in laboratory conditions the processes observed during the testing of thermonuclear weapons. The creation of this project will be estimated at about 1.16 billion euros.

armored vehicles

In this regard, the latest military developments were also not long in coming. In 2014, the Russian Ministry of Defense will start purchasing main effective battle tanks based on the Armata unified platform for heavy armored vehicles. Based on a successful batch of these vehicles, controlled military operation will be carried out. The release of the first prototype of the tank based on the Armata platform, in accordance with the current schedule, took place in 2013. The specified military equipment of Russia is planned to be supplied to military units from 2015. The development of the tank will be carried out by Uralvagonzavod.

Another prospect of the Russian defense industry is the "Terminator" ("Object - 199"). This combat vehicle will be designed to neutralize air targets, manpower, armored vehicles, as well as various shelters and fortifications.

"Terminator" is capable of being created on the basis of the T-90 and T-72 tanks. Its standard equipment will consist of 2 30-mm cannons, an Ataka ATGM with laser guidance, a Kalashnikov machine gun and 2 AGS-17 grenade launchers. These new developments of Russian military equipment are significant. The capabilities of the BMPT allow the implementation of significant density fire on 4 targets at once.

precision weapons

The Air Force of the Russian Federation will adopt missiles for strikes against surface and ground targets guided by GLONASS. At the test site in Akhtubinsk, the Chkalov GLITs passed tests of S-25 and S-24 missiles, which are equipped with special sets with seeker and overlays on control rudders. This is an important improvement. GLONASS guidance kits began to arrive en masse at air bases in 2014, that is, Russian helicopter and front-line aviation completely switched to high-precision weapons.

Unguided missiles (NUR) S-25 and S-24 will remain the main weapon of the bomber and attack aircraft of the Russian Federation. However, they hit the squares, and this is an expensive and inefficient pleasure. The GLONASS homing heads will convert the S-25 and S-24 into high-precision weapons capable of hitting small targets with an accuracy of 1 meter.

Robotics

The main priorities in the organization of promising varieties of military equipment and weapons are almost defined. Emphasis is placed on the creation of the most robotic combat systems, where a person will be assigned a safe operator function.

In this direction, a set of programs is planned:

• The organization of power armor known as exoskeletons.
• Work on the development of underwater robots for various purposes.
• Designing a series of drones aircraft.
• It is planned to establish technologies based on them. They will allow to realize the ideas of Nikola Tesla on an industrial scale.

Russian experts relatively recently (2011-2012) created the SAR-400 robot. He is 163 cm tall and looks like a torso with two “manipulator arms” equipped with special sensors. They allow the operator to feel the object being touched.

SAR-400 is capable of performing several functions. For example, to fly into space or perform a remote surgical operation. And in military conditions, it is generally irreplaceable. He can be a scout, and a sapper, and a repairman. In terms of its working capabilities and performance characteristics, the SAR-400 android surpasses (for example, in squeezing the brush) foreign analogues, and American ones too.

Weapon

The latest military developments in Russia are also actively being carried out in this direction. This is a confirmed fact. The gunsmiths of Izhevsk began the development of the newest generation of small arms automatic weapons. It differs from the world-famous Kalashnikov system. A new platform is implied, allowing it to compete with analogues of the latest models of small arms in the world. This is important in this area. As a result, law enforcement agencies can be provided with fundamentally the latest combat systems that correspond to the rearmament program of the Russian army until 2020. Therefore, significant developments are currently underway in this regard. Future rifle will be of a modular type. This will simplify subsequent modernization and production. In this case, a scheme will be used more often in which the weapon store and the firing mechanism will be located in the butt behind the trigger. Ammunition with innovative ballistic solutions will also be used to develop the latest small arms systems. For example, increased accuracy, significant effective range, more powerful penetration ability. The gunsmiths were tasked with creating a new system from scratch, not based on obsolete principles. To achieve this goal, the latest technologies are involved. At the same time, Izhmash will not renounce work on the modernization of the AK 200 series, since the Russian special services are already interested in the supply of this type of weapon. Currently, further military developments in this direction are being carried out.

Outcome

All of the above emphasizes the successful modernization of the weapons of the Russian Federation. The main thing is to keep up with the times and not stop there, implementing the latest improvements in this area. Along with the above, there are also secret military developments of Russia, but their publication is limited.

Weapons of the future of Russia 2020

Promising developments in Russia

New:

Rearmament of the army and navy- this is not only the supply of existing modern equipment to the troops. In Russia, work is constantly underway to create fundamentally new types of weapons and appropriate decisions are being made on their future development. Below is a small overview of the most modern types of weapons that are being created in Russia. To view the sample, click on any blue bar.

New intercontinental strategic missiles

New strategic missiles of Russia

New:

The basis of the Russian missile shield make up the heavy liquid ICBM "Voevoda" and "Sotka". The service life of these ICBMs was extended three times. Now they are being replaced by the promising heavy complex "Sarmat". - This is a 100-ton class missile, carrying at least 10 separable warheads in the warhead. The degree of its progress can be judged at least by annual report Safonovsky JSC "Avangard", which began to develop a transport and launch container for the rocket.

I.e the main mass-dimensional characteristics of the "Sarmat" have already been determined. Mass production is planned for the famous Krasmash, for the reconstruction of which 7.5 billion rubles have been allocated from the federal budget. Work is also underway to create advanced combat equipment, including individual breeding units with promising means of overcoming missile defense (ROC "Breakthrough" - "Inevitability").

The command of the Strategic Missile Forces plans in 2013, to conduct an experimental launch of the Avangard medium-class intercontinental ballistic missile. This is the fourth launch since 2011. The previous three have been successful. In the upcoming test, the rocket will fly with a model of a regular warhead, and not with ballast, as before.” Avangard is a fundamentally new missile and is not a continuation of the Topol family. According to the calculations of the command of the Strategic Missile Forces, Topol-M can be hit by 1-2 anti-missiles of the type of the promising American SM-3, and at least fifty anti-missiles are required for each Avangard. That is, the effectiveness of a missile defense breakthrough increases by an order of magnitude.

In "Vanguard" the usual, with a multiple reentry vehicle missile (MIRV) is being replaced by a new system with a guided warhead (UBB). The warheads in the MIRV sit in one or two tiers (like the Voyevoda) around the breeding stage engine. At the command of her computer, the stage turns in the direction of one or another target and, with a short engine impulse, sends the warhead already released from the mounts to the address. In this last flight, he flies along a ballistic curve, like a thrown stone: he cannot maneuver in course and height.

Unlike him the controlled unit is a completely independent missile with its own control and guidance system, engine and rudders in the form of a conical "skirt" along the lower edge of the cone. The engine allows him to maneuver in space, and the "skirt" - in the atmosphere. Thanks to such control, the warhead can fly 16,000 km from a height of 250 km. That is, the range of the Avangard as a whole can exceed 25 thousand km!

Bottom missile systems

Bottom missile systems of Russia

Summer 2013 in the White Sea, it is planned to begin testing a new ballistic missile "Skif", capable of being in standby mode on the sea and ocean floor and at the right time firing and hitting ground and sea targets. "Skif" uses the thickness of the ocean as a kind of mine installation. And the deployment of such systems on the seabed will provide the necessary invulnerability of retaliatory weapons.

New mobile container missile systems

Club-K — New mobile container missile systems of Russia

Russia creates and manufactures combat (sea and rail) container missile systems. Currently, various works are being actively carried out in this direction.

Successfully passed testing a missile fired from launchers placed in a standard cargo container of the Club-K complex. One of the first launches was carried out on August 22, 2012 at a specialized test site.

Kh-35 anti-ship missile differs in stealth and flight to the target at a height of no more than 15 meters, and in the final section of the trajectory - 4 meters. A combined homing system and a powerful warhead make it possible to destroy a warship with a displacement of 5,000 tons with one missile. Now this RCC has become part of the Russian container complex - Club-K.

Russian container complex Club-K- Designed to destroy surface and ground targets. The complex can be equipped with coastlines, ships of various classes, railway and automobile platforms. The complex is a modification of the well-known Caliber missile system.

For the first time a mock-up of a container missile system was shown at a military-technical show in Malaysia in 2009. He immediately made a splash. The fact is that Club-K is a standard cargo 20- and 40-foot containers that can be transported by sea, by rail or by trailer cars.

Satan container

The idea of ​​placing various combat systems in special mobile modules is not new. However, only we guessed to use standard 20/40-foot cargo containers as such modules.

Inside the containers are hidden command posts (reconnaissance and combat control systems) and launchers of 3M-14 missiles (for hitting ground targets) or launchers of multi-purpose anti-ship missiles of the Kh-35, 3M-54 types, capable of hitting both land and large surface targets . For example, the 3M-54 missile is capable of destroying even an aircraft carrier.

For reference- the flight range of the 3M14 cruise missile of the Caliber complex with nuclear warheads / FBCHs is 2650 and 1600 km, respectively.

The Club-K complex can be applied, both from ground starting positions, and from railway, sea or road platforms. And it turns out that any container ship carrying Club-K, in fact, becomes a missile carrier with a crushing volley. And any train with such containers or a convoy of heavy container vehicles is a powerful missile unit capable of appearing where the enemy does not wait. Nothing like this was developed either in the USA or in Western Europe.

The main element of the complex is a universal launch module (USM), made in the form of a container. The basic composition of the Club-K complex includes up to four triggers, the ammunition load of one trigger is 4 missiles, each trigger is completely autonomous. Thus, the deployment of only 4-8 Club-K complexes, for example, on board the landing Ivan Gren, will turn this large landing craft into a cruise missile arsenal ship that will be able to deliver a devastating long-range strategic strike against any 16-32 KRBD targets at once.

Caliber launches from the Caspian waters and successfully carried out throwing and military tests of Club-K showed the whole world the real capabilities of this Russian mobile missile system. The complex has already begun to be exported. India was its first buyer.

5th generation strategic bomber

Russian strategic bomber of a new generation - PAK DA

Tupolev company a promising long-range aviation complex (PAK DA) is being developed - a Russian strategic bomber-missile carrier of a new generation. The aircraft will not be a deep modernization of the Tu-160, but will be a fundamentally new aircraft based on fundamentally new solutions.

In August 2009, a contract was signed between the Russian Ministry of Defense and the Tupolev company to conduct R&D to create a PAK DA for a period of 3 years. In August 2012, it was announced that the PAK DA preliminary design had already been completed and signed, and development work on it was beginning.

In March 2013, the aircraft project was approved by the Russian Air Force command. PAK DA will replace modern Tu-95MS and Tu-160 nuclear missile carriers. The military chose a subsonic stealth aircraft from several options - with a “flying wing” scheme, which, due to its huge wingspan and design features, will not be able to overcome the speed of sound, but will be invisible to radars.

In the future, PAK DA should replace the Tu-95 and Tu-160 long-range (strategic) aircraft in service with the Russian Air Force.

Russian fighter 5th generation

PAK FA T-50 vs F-22 and J-20

Since the Russian PAK FA (T-50) and the Chinese fifth-generation fighter Chengdu J-20 took to the wings, disputes about their advantages and disadvantages have not subsided.

However, the debriefing has already moved to a completely different qualitative level, since from that moment there was a real possibility of a direct comparison of these fighters with their American serial counterpart, the most expensive US Air Force fighter F-22 Raptor.

But in order to compare something with something, you must first give the comparison criteria, and in our case, answer the question:

What is a 5th generation fighter?

Characteristic features of the 5th generation:
- stealth - the use of measures to reduce the EPR (effective scattering surface);
- the use of powerful engines of the 5th generation;
- supersonic cruising flight in afterburner mode;
- supermaneuverability;
- radar with AFAR;
- a modern weapon system.

Plus, the integration of on-board systems of individual aircraft into a common network of computer command and control of troops (ACS).

The criteria for comparison are clear. Now let's use them and (for those who value their time) compile a simple table comparing Russian, American and Chinese fifth generation fighters for all the above signs. Click on the blue bar to view the table.

Comparison table

http://dokwar.ru/publ/voenny_vestnik/armii_mira/sravnenie_vvs_rossii_i_ssha/3-1-0-872

And instead of concluding

The F-22 is already out of production, and the J-20 and F-35 are not yet completed and are still far from perfect. As well as the Russian PAK FA.

At present, the first stage of testing the T50 has been completed, and this spring, with 100% fuel loading and mass-dimensional weapon models, the 4th side took off from a 310-meter runway, reached top speed 2610 km / h and a cruising speed of 2135 km / h, while there was still potential for acceleration, and also climbed 24300 meters (they were not allowed higher).

Now the T-50 is undergoing state tests. And in Bashkiria, the production of aircraft engines of a new generation begins ( Ed.-129), which will equip the T-50 multirole fighter at the second stage. Product-129 is an engine with increased power and rotary control jet nozzle. So the fight for the market and sky v5.0 is just beginning...

Russian 6th generation fighter

What will be the 6th generation fighter of the Russian Federation?

Russia is designing a 6th generation fighter. Vladimir Mikheev, Deputy General Director of the KRET Concern, announced this in an interview with TASS.

According to Mikheev, we are talking about 2 versions of the machine: manned and unmanned. Who specifically creates a new fighter is not reported. Most likely - Sukhoi Design Bureau and / or the MiG company.

TTX of the Russian 6th generation fighter

Armament of the Russian 6th generation fighter

The time of the sixth generation fighter has already come

Appearance Russian fighter The 6th generation is just around the corner. The UAC claims that the prototype aircraft will make its first flight in 2023-2025. And its full readiness can be achieved in 2030.

Missile defense of the future

Russian missile defense of the future

Work continues on the creation of the S-500 missile defense system. In this new generation of Russian anti-aircraft missile systems it is supposed to apply separate execution of tasks for the destruction of ballistic and aerodynamic missiles. The S-500, unlike the S-400, which is designed for air defense, is being created as an anti-missile defense system, including the ability to deal with hypersonic weapons that the United States is actively developing. The S-500 aerospace defense system, which is promised to be built in 2015, will have to shoot down objects flying at an altitude of over 185 km and at a distance of more than 3.5 thousand km from the launcher.

Nowadays The preliminary design has already been completed and technical design is underway. The main purpose of this complex is to defeat the latest types of air attack weapons being developed in the world today. It is assumed that the system will be able to solve problems not only in a stationary version: it will be advanced to the combat zone, the most relevant at a particular time. Destroyers (destroyers), which Russia should start producing in 2016, will also be equipped with a ship-based version of the S-500 anti-missile system.

Combat lasers

Combat lasers of Russia

Russia began to developments in the field of tactical laser weapons before the United States and has in its arsenal prototypes high-precision combat chemical lasers. The first such installation was tested by us back in 1972. Even then, the domestic mobile "laser gun" was able to successfully hit air targets. According to some experts: "Since then, Russia's capabilities in this area have increased significantly, and the United States has to catch up with us." Now much more funds are allocated for these works, which will undoubtedly lead to further success.

So 2013 By order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, work continued on the creation of combat lasers capable of hitting aircraft, satellites and ballistic missiles. The development of lasers is carried out by the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern, the Beriev Taganrog Aviation Scientific and Technical Concern and the Khimpromavtomatika company.

TANTK named after Beriev resumed work on the modernization of the A-60 flying laboratory (based on the Il-76 transport aircraft), which was used to test new laser technologies. The flying laboratory is based at the airfield near Taganrog.

For promotion and development laser technologies Russia will build the most powerful laser in the world. The superlaser in Sarov will occupy an area of ​​about two football fields, and at its highest point it will reach the size of a 10-story building. The installation will have 192 laser channels and a huge laser pulse energy, for the American and French it is about two megajoules, for the Russian it is about 1.5-2 times more.

Superlaser will allow create huge densities and temperatures in matter, close to those that occur on stars, for example, on the Sun. In the future, we can talk about obtaining the energy of thermonuclear fusion on a new principle - laser fusion. It will compete with the ITER facility currently under construction in France, which is based on the tokamak system. In addition, the superlaser will simulate under laboratory conditions the processes that were observed during the testing of thermonuclear weapons. The construction cost is estimated at around 1.16 billion euros.

Promising armored vehicles

Promising armored vehicles of Russia

In 2014 The Russian Ministry of Defense intends to start purchasing promising main battle tanks based on the Armata unified platform for heavy armored vehicles. According to Interfax, this was stated by Yuri Borisov, Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia. According to the deputy minister, an order will first be placed for the supply of a pilot batch of 16 new tanks.

Based on an experimental batch military vehicles are planned to conduct controlled military operation. The deputy minister did not specify other details regarding the purchase of promising combat vehicles. The creation of the first prototype of a tank based on the Armata platform, according to the current schedule, should take place already in 2013, and the delivery of new combat vehicles to the troops is planned to begin in 2015.

Approval of the technical project"Armata" by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation took place on March 23, 2012. As the head of the Main Armored Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, Major General Alexander Shevchenko, said, the project fully complies with all existing requirements military department. The development of a promising tank was entrusted to Uralvagonzavod.

Another avenue Russian defense industry - "Terminator" ("Object 199"). This is a tank support combat vehicle designed to destroy manpower, armored vehicles, air targets, as well as various fortifications and shelters.

"Terminator" can be created both on the basis of the T-72 tank and on the basis of the T-90. Standard armament consists of two 30mm cannons, a Kalashnikov machine gun, an Ataka ATGM with laser guidance, and two AGS-17 grenade launchers. The capabilities of the BMPT allow high-density fire on four targets simultaneously. On the very first day of the IDEX-2013 show in Abu Dhabi, the upgraded T-90S tank and the Terminator hit the top ten.

precision weapons

Russian precision weapons

The Russian Air Force will receive missiles for striking ground and surface targets guided by GLONASS.

In July, at the GLITs them. V.P. Chkalov in Akhtubinsk will test S-24 and S-25 missiles, equipped with special sets with seeker and overlays on control rudders. GLONASS guidance kits will begin to arrive en masse at air bases already in 2014, that is, Russian front-line and helicopter aviation will completely switch to high-precision weapons.

S-24 and S-25 - became high-precision

unguided missiles(NUR) S-24 and S-25 remain the main weapons of attack and bomber aviation in Russia, however, NUR hit areas, and in modern conditions this is an expensive and inefficient pleasure. GLONASS homing heads will transfer the S-24 and S-25 to the class of high-precision weapons capable of hitting small targets with an accuracy of 1 m.

Robotics

Combat Robotics of Russia

Priorities in building promising species weapons and military equipment are actually defined. Emphasis is placed on the creation of the most robotic combat systems in which a person is assigned the safe function of an operator.

Robotics a number of programs are planned: the creation of power armor, known as exoskeletons, the development of underwater robots for various purposes, the design of a series of unmanned aerial vehicles. The intensification of work on network technologies for military purposes fits into robotic innovations. It is planned to create technologies for wireless transmission of electricity. Nikola Tesla was engaged in experiments in this direction a hundred years ago. New technologies will make it possible to implement his ideas on an industrial scale.

Russian specialists relatively recently (2011-2012) the SAR-400 robot was created. He is 163 cm tall and is a torso with two "arms" - manipulators, which are equipped with special sensors that allow the operator to feel the object that the iron hand touches.

SAR-400 can perform many functions - from space flights to remote surgical operations. And in military affairs, he generally has no price. He can be a sapper, and a scout, and a repairman. In terms of its performance characteristics and operational capabilities, the SAR-400 android either surpasses (for example, in grip compression) or is not inferior to all foreign counterparts, including American ones. It is planned that within the next two years, the SAR-400 robot will go aboard the International Space Station (ISS), and later will be used in future missions to the Moon and Mars.

Fundamentally new small arms

New Russian small arms

Izhevsk gunsmiths started developing a new generation of small arms automatic weapons, fundamentally different from the most popular Kalashnikov system in the world. It's about about a new platform that will allow them to compete with the most modern analogues of small arms in the world and provide law enforcement agencies with fundamentally new weapons systems that are fully consistent with the rearmament program Russian army until 2020.

Small arms of the future will be of a modular type, which makes it possible to simplify production and subsequent modernization. In this case, a scheme will be used more often in which the firing mechanism and the weapon magazine are located in the butt behind the trigger. For the development of fundamentally new systems of small arms, ammunition with a new ballistic solution will also be used - they will have increased accuracy, a greater effective range, and a higher penetrating ability.

Before the gunsmiths task is to create new system"from scratch", without relying on outdated principles. To achieve this goal, Izhmash will attract new technologies. Nevertheless, Izhmash will not refuse to work on the modernization of Kalashnikov assault rifles of the 200th series, since the Russian special services have already become interested in the supply of AK-200.

Russian hypersonic weapons

Zircon - the hypersonic era is coming

In the UK, panic - the Russians have created a hypersonic rocket Zirkon.

“This missile threatens the entire Western world, it will change the balance of power. This missile can sink two of Britain's largest aircraft carriers worth £600,000,000 in one blow. Its radius is 1000 km and the speed is Mach 8. Not a single missile defense system is capable of shooting down a missile at such a speed.”

Plus, Zircon is unique in that it can be launched both from land and from the sea or from under water. Zircon's speed is simply amazing. The unsuccessful American counterpart has a speed almost 40% lower.

When flying Zircon at maximum speed, its head part is heated, forming a plasma cloud. This makes it difficult for radars to work and makes the missile invisible. Hence Zircon got its name in the West - Horror in Plasma.

Adversaries also note that Russians always underestimate the performance characteristics of their products. So after the Zircon enters service, NATO is in for an unpleasant surprise.

Mach 8 speed and 1000 km radius is not the limit

For the flight of Zircons at hypersonic speeds, a special fuel has been created - Decilin-M using aluminum nanoparticles. This increases the energy intensity and fuel density by almost 20%.

According to experts, the speed of Zircons on the new fuel will reach Mach 12, and the flight range will exceed 1,500 kilometers. According to Deputy Defense Minister General Dmitry Bulgakov, the same fuel will be used to create engines for new strategic hypersonic cruise missiles, which will allow them to exceed the speed of Mach 5.

That is, Mach 8 is not the limit. Back in August 2011, Boris Obnosov, CEO of the Tactical Missiles Corporation, announced that the corporation was starting to develop hypersonic missiles capable of reaching speeds of Mach 12-13! So, as in the case of underestimating the performance characteristics of Calibers, the matter will definitely not be limited to a speed of 8 Machs.

On April 15, 2017, the new Russian hypersonic anti-ship cruise missile Zirkon accelerated to a speed of Mach 8 (8500 km / h), TASS reports citing a source in the Russian defense industry.

“During the tests of the rocket, it was confirmed that its speed on the march reaches eight Machs (a number that takes into account the dependence of the speed of sound on the flight altitude),” the agency’s source said.

According to him, 3S14 universal launchers can be used to launch these missiles. Now the ship complex launches Caliber and Onyx missiles.

What is dangerous Zircon for the states

The range of Russia's Zirkon anti-ship cruise missiles will force the US Navy's aircraft carrier strike groups to stay thousands of kilometers from our coast. Which will make the strikes of their carrier-based aircraft on our ground targets either little effective or even impossible.

The logic here is simple. The main striking force of any modern US aircraft carrier is the F / A-18 Super Hornet carrier-based fighter-bombers. Their combat radius is 400 nautical miles. In order for the F / A-18s to be able to at least threaten missile and bomb strikes against targets on our coast, they must take off from the deck 740 kilometers from the objects of the future strike. At the same time, the declared range of the Zircon is 1000 km and they have no protection against it.

The Zircon should be adopted in 2018, replacing Granit anti-ship missiles at the combat post. Thus, not a single ship of adversaries will feel safe from now on, because the anti-missiles existing today in the West cannot physically resist the Russian Zircon missile.

Aircraft carrier Storm, BDK Surf and destroyer Leader

Promising Russian aircraft carrier Shtorm, BDK Priboy and destroyer Leader

The defense industry announced the construction of 8 new universal landing ships of the Priboi project, developed by the Nevsky Design Bureau.

Promising large landing ships will have a displacement of about 14 thousand tons and an aviation group of eight Ka-27 and helicopters. Their construction is planned to start in 2016.

The newest BDK will be armed with Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems. The surf will be able to carry up to 500 paratroopers and up to 40-60 pieces of equipment. The ship will be 165 meters long and 25 meters wide.

5th generation nuclear submarine

What will be the nuclear submarines of the 5th generation

The concept of creating nuclear-powered ships of the 5th generation implies the introduction of robotic systems, composite technologies and new types of cruise missiles.

Very little is known about the alleged performance characteristics of 5th generation nuclear submarines. According to data that is sometimes fragmentarily thrown into the media, the following image of future nuclear submarines is drawn:

KB Malachite is a recognized brand of the Soviet and Russian nuclear submarine fleet. The bureau has developed such nuclear submarines as Anchar (project 661, the fastest nuclear submarine), Lira (project 705), Shchuka-B (project 971) and Yasen (project 885).

The Zircon (3M22) hypersonic missile launchers are being developed by the Tactical Missiles Corporation as a replacement for the Granit heavy anti-ship systems. In February 2016, they entered flight design tests. Should be part of the weapons of the updated nuclear cruisers project 1144 Orlan and the latest destroyers Leader.

The construction of the first nuclear submarine of the 5th generation is planned to begin in 2017-2018. The 5th generation should replace the submarines of project 949AM Antey and multi-purpose submarines of projects 971, 945 and 671RTM.

Megaton underwater drones

Russia's asymmetric response. We create megaton underwater drones

Russia is twice the size of the USA. Today, a third of the entire US population lives in three giant metropolitan areas. More than half of all US GDP is produced there. The zones of these megacities are relatively small (about 400 thousand sq. km) and are located mainly on the coast. From here, for the most part, all the retaliatory asymmetric measures are dancing.

Russia is creating an unmanned submarine with a powerful nuclear warhead to destroy American submarine bases and other important objects on the US coast, writes The Washington Times, citing Pentagon sources. In the US military, the development was codenamed Kanyon.

According to the US military, it will be a strike Submarine without a crew, armed with a thermonuclear warhead with a capacity of "tens of megatons", capable of moving quickly and covertly over long distances.

Press Secretary of the Russian President Dmitry Peskov confirmed that data on the classified Status-6 system was accidentally shown on Russian television, Interfax reports. On November 9, Channel One and NTV aired stories about a meeting with President Putin on defense issues.

Status-6 is the same underwater drone that Washington Times wrote about.

On March 18, 2016, representatives of the United Shipbuilding Company, commenting on reports of Status-6, confirmed the development of an "unmanned underwater robot".

From the wiki: Status-6 is a Russian ocean-going multi-purpose weapon system designed to destroy US Navy bases and important enemy economic facilities in the coastal area and inflict guaranteed unacceptable damage to the country's territory. The same asymmetric answer.

Modeling in the NukeMap program by Alex Verestein shows that the size of the affected area from a 100 megaton Status-6 nuclear warhead explosion will be approximately 1700 km by 300 km.

The second most striking factor is the creation of an artificial megatsunami with a wave height of 300-500 meters with the wave entering the mainland, provided that the terrain is flat up to 500 km