Equipment of storage tanks for oil products and reinforced concrete tanks. Tanks and tanks for storage of oil, oil products and liquefied hydrocarbon gases Horizontal tanks for storage of oil and oil products

Industrial containers and reservoirs are made of concrete, metal, polymers. Depending on the conditions of installation and operation, they can be reinforced with stiffeners, a shell, an external frame. Each type is designed for specific tasks: long-term or short-term storage, reverse, transportation, reception, distribution of the product. The equipment is suitable for various process media from water to crude oil and its products.

Prices for polymer oil tanks start from 10,000 rubles and depend on the volume of the tank, its use, the total capacity of the warehouse, the list of additional equipment, delivery, installation and service package for servicing the finished facility.

GC "Neftetank" is a manufacturer of containers and reservoirs made of combined polymer. Enviro Pro, produced exclusively in Germany, is inert to oil and water, which expands the scope and versatility of the company's products.

The difference between a tank and a tank

Capacitive equipment and storage tanks are similar units. However, they differ in three main ways:

• Appointment. Tanks - hollow equipment with or without a lid for storing bulk, bulk and molded products. The purpose of the tanks is to store only liquids, including those under pressure.
• Capacity. The tank is larger than the capacity. The latter can be a commodity tray, a transport tank, a part of dosing and mixing equipment. The tank, as a rule, is installed permanently and is designed to reserve large volumes of goods.
• Product shelf life. Due to the small volume of containers, they are used for temporary storage and movement. Equipment for operational, reverse and finished product warehouses are called tanks.

"Neftetank" produces tanks with a volume of 1 m3 to 500 m3 for the organization of fuel and fuel depots. Flexible tanks can also be used for drinking and industrial water, storage of aqueous solutions of agrochemicals and are a safe and cost-effective alternative to metal storage tanks.

What are oil tanks

These are polymer tanks and tanks of a new generation. The technology is patented, meets European and Russian industrial and environmental safety standards, tested in the conditions of the Far North and temperate latitudes. Raw materials for tanks are exclusively produced by the LOW&BONAR concern and are not replaced by analogues from Asian suppliers. The delivery set includes a folded container, an impervious berm and piping (flexible hoses, fittings, instrumentation) and allows you to deploy a warehouse with a capacity of 500 cubic meters within three days.

Advantages of oil tanks

• Does not require ground preparation. Relate to temporary structures, approvals for capital works are not needed. They are installed without the involvement of special equipment, the strapping does not require laying channels. They are installed on berms even on frozen mail, after dismantling, land reclamation is not needed. Approved for hazardous production facilities.
• Inert to water and oil products. Do not oxidize, do not affect the contents. During storage, no air gap is formed, no condensate, commercial water, evaporation of substances into the atmosphere. Tying with flexible hoses eliminates deformation under the influence of low temperatures and ruptures of pipelines.
• Do not leak, do not collapse under the influence of the sun and temperatures. Suitable for nature protection zones, as they are mounted without excavation and landscape changes.
• Supplied folded, do not require a special cargo space and transportation conditions. Can be stored prior to installation in unheated warehouses. Can be dismantled and moved to a new place of use.
• The cost of ownership, taking into account the costs of purchase, installation and maintenance, is on average lower than the cost of a metal container.

Storage facilities based on soft tanks allow different schemes of product turnover, including receiving, transferring, dispensing with direct and remote access control.

Tanks from 1 m3 and fully prepared field warehouses with a capacity of up to 5 thousand cubic meters are available in the warehouse. Turnkey delivery with after-sales service and development of a warehouse anywhere in Russia. Prices depend on the volume, are fixed by the contract and do not change during installation.

Modern storage tanks for oil and oil products have always been of particular interest to a wide range of industry professionals, which is not at all surprising.

According to industry practice, it is quite difficult to preserve hydrocarbon raw materials, just like creating ideal conditions for storing various types of petroleum products and natural gas. This is due to the fact that such substances are characterized by qualities that complicate the process of extraction, transportation and storage.

In this case, resources are considered:

1. Flammable - during storage, it is impossible to expose the enterprise to risks or create favorable conditions for the emergence and spread of flames. The same applies to the appearance of a cold spark of static current.


2. Explosive. This forces organizations to take all sorts of protective precautions.


3. Highly sensitive. Raw materials can easily become clogged when foreign substances enter it. This is fraught with deterioration in product quality.

Of course, it is not possible to change the characteristics of hydrocarbon raw materials. But it is on the qualities of oil and gas that the wide interest in them as the best types of fuel is based. In this case, the way out of the situation will be the creation of all the necessary conditions for their storage.

Thus, artificial and natural reservoirs of oil and gas will eliminate a large number of risks. Therefore, one of the main elements in creating optimal storage conditions is the selection or design of containers that must meet all modern standards and state requirements. Such designs should allow working with fossils without additional risks and problems.

Basic requirements for tanks and tanks for fuel storage

Considering oil tanks, it must be said right away that it is impossible to make a decision on the creation of such structures at random. Everything needs to be weighed and calculated.

This is due to the fact that oil and gas is not just an expensive raw material, but a rather dangerous resource that:

• should arouse increased interest from the fire safety services;


• capable of causing an explosion at work;


• poses a threat from an environmental point of view;


• releases vapors that are harmful to living organisms.

Therefore, such equipment should be designed by experienced specialists under comprehensive supervision. At the same time, they undertake to follow certain requirements and rules, the violation of which is fraught with unpleasant consequences.

This approach is justified by the fact that this is the only way to create the most safe equipment, the use of which will protect against accidents and be quite effective.

It must be taken into account that reservoirs of oil and gas may well contain hundreds of tons of resources. The depressurization of such a structure can lead to negative consequences up to a big catastrophe.

In general, the requirements for containers were created based on what conditions must be provided for the storage of hydrocarbon materials.

It must be remembered that among a number of requirements there is not only the need to ensure complete security. The main requirements include other, no less important nuances.

The development of relatively small containers is one of the fairly simple jobs, but if it is supposed to deal with large containers, then such a task becomes solvable only in the hands of trained professionals who understand all the intricacies of the process and can provide a special approach.

In the factory, structures are quite often assembled exclusively in parts, so their assembly into a single whole becomes a difficult issue.

It should be noted that small storage facilities are mass-produced and stamped in batches. But large gas storage tanks are often designed according to an individual plan, which somewhat complicates the process of their development and production. At the same time, the probability of miscalculations also increases.

It is important to note that the basic requirements for large-volume oil and gas storage tanks should be regulated and observed more strictly than for small tanks. This is due to the fact that the load on such containers is several times higher than that which falls on small containers. An important role is played by the type of placement and design features of the tanks.

So, above-ground and underground variations are more susceptible to all kinds of risks and negative environmental impacts. The material from which containers are developed is also quite important. Its physical and chemical characteristics may well leave their mark on the requirements put forward to them.

The creation of containers for hydrocarbon substances and their maintenance are rather specific issues of the industry that require a careful approach and special attention.

How containers and reservoirs for storing gas and oil are arranged

Now the construction of reservoirs is considered to be a fairly relevant topic among industry experts, which is not at all surprising, because the construction of gas and oil refineries is carried out continuously and at a rather active pace.

The extracted raw materials are pumped into storage facilities of all kinds, and any oil or gas park is a whole complex of tanks in which hydrocarbon raw materials are stored.

Metal gas storage tanks are different:

• different volumes (from a couple of cubes to several thousand tons);


• location (structures of ground and underground types);


• type of assembly (there are ready-made solutions and tanks that are assembled directly at the facility);


• typicality (conveyor variations and individual developments for solving specific problems are now available).

It is also necessary to note the aspect of environmental safety during storage in special engineering structures. Such containers and boxes are designed to protect products from contamination and the risk of liquids and various materials getting into them. And therefore, the arrangement of such containers often turns out to be very difficult, since ensuring all of the above aspects requires a very careful attitude.

Oil and gas storage tanks must be optimally protected against corrosion and have high strength.

The tightness of products is necessary for the full protection of products placed in them.

And the containers themselves can be made of high-alloy steel, synthetic materials. Now all kinds of engineering developments and solutions are available for implementation.

Modern production offers dozens of interesting modifications that will allow you to find a way out of any situation.

Types and features of oil and gas storage tanks

At present, steel types of tanks for storing gas and oil products are in the greatest demand everywhere. As a rule, these are vertical models equipped with a floating walkway. Their capacity reaches about 50,000 tons of products.

Cylindrical gas tanks with a spherical or conical roof are often used. Cylindrical variations with a floating cover for 120,000 tons are now quite widely used.

The entire industry of production, storage and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials is not able to function without such structures. At the same time, the volume of tanks increases every year, and their equipment is constantly being improved.

The introduction of advanced technologies is carried out on an ongoing basis, as well as the use of new materials and solutions. However, it is worth noting that the security requirements for new developments remain the same, or even become tougher.

In addition, non-standard and new containers should minimize the risk of unsafe materials being released into the open air in order to prevent an explosion, fire or other large-scale man-made disaster.

Thus, such equipment is considered far from being the easiest in terms of design and operation. And therefore, determining the required capacity or ordering it are matters of special importance and increased responsibility.

Finding a contractor to offer the best oil storage tanks is often a difficult task. But, fortunately, today there are many different ways to solve this issue.

Outwardly, containers for industrial purposes are similar to each other. Some people may even assume that they are identical and differ only in volume, but this is far from the case.

All structures must be used exclusively for their intended purpose, since irresponsible and improper storage of gas and oil in adverse conditions can lead to damage to products, containers and a man-made disaster.

Modern flexible tanks for oil and oil products are made of various volumes and geometries, and consist of various alloys.

Certain types of structures are intended for storing water in them, others for diverse hydrocarbon raw materials. At the same time, gas and oil tanks are designed exclusively for a certain type of product.

There are containers for gasoline, oil, diesel fuel, fuel oil and other types. It is allowed to fill in containers for light petroleum products only those substances that the manufacturer has provided, but in containers for dark ones - the corresponding raw materials.

Such containers are designed only from high-quality impact-resistant, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant material. As a rule, such structures are designed from stainless steel.

Based on the fact that hazardous types of products are poured into containers, a number of serious requirements are put forward for the quality of the metal used.

In addition, such structures are tested for strength, oxidation resistance and other types of resistance.

Classification of storage tanks for oil and oil products looks something like this:

• single wall variations;


• multiwall models;


• horizontal structures;


• vertical container;


• underground structures;


• ground options.

At large industrial facilities, double-walled variations are mainly used. They are considered more durable, resistant to impact and corrosion.

Between the walls of the structure is an inert gas. This allows you to create more favorable storage conditions.

Horizontal structures are preferable, but they are much less common than vertical steel tanks for oil and oil products.

But it is worth noting that the latter occupy much less free space. They are distinguished by higher requirements for maintenance and operation.

The most common today are ground tanks, which should be located in open space. A number of requirements are put forward for them, the main among which is the resistance of the material to atmospheric phenomena.

Underground structures are more preferable: they are built at the depth of soil freezing, which ensures the safety of fuel in winter, do not heat up, and the container itself is outside the zone of atmospheric influence.

Before diving, underground tanks for liquefied gas are covered with another layer of insulation.

Small-sized structures can be adapted to the dimensions of vehicles, which allows them to be transported.

Special tanks for liquefied gas, oils and fuel oil are quite popular due to the active promotion of the industry. Such designs can often be found at exhibitions and other similar events.

Examples of storages and reservoirs for oil and gas on display

At the international exposition "Naftogaz", which will be held at the Expocentre Fairgrounds, you can see modern engineering developments that allow for efficient work in the segment of production and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials. The exhibition is one of the largest projects in the industry.

The exhibition will feature modern equipment, including advanced natural reservoirs and oil and gas traps.

Tanks are stationary or mobile vessels of various shapes and sizes. Reservoirs are the most critical structures, they store valuable liquids in large quantities.

Depending on the material from which they are made, the tanks are divided into metal and non-metal. Metal structures are mainly made of steel, sometimes aluminum. Non-metallic tanks include reinforced concrete and plastic tanks.

Reservoirs are shaped: vertical cylindrical, horizontal cylindrical, rectangular, drop-shaped, etc.

According to the installation scheme, the tanks are divided into: ground, in which the bottom is at the level or above the planning mark of the adjacent site; underground, when the highest liquid level in the tank is below the lowest planning mark of the adjacent site (within 3 m) by at least 0.2 m.

Reservoirs are constructed of various volumes - from 5 L to 120,000 m 3. For the storage of light oil products, mainly steel tanks are used, as well as reinforced concrete tanks with a gasoline-resistant internal coating - sheet steel lining, etc. For oil and dark oil products, mainly reinforced concrete tanks are used. Lubricating oils are stored in steel tanks.

The distances between the tanks are taken equal: the length of the tanks with floating roofs is at least 0.5 diameter; for tanks with fixed roofs and pontoons - 0.65 diameter; for tanks with fixed roofs, without pontoons - 0.75 diameter.

Each group of ground tanks is protected by an earthen rampart or wall, the height of which is assumed to be 0.2 I above the calculated level of the spilled liquid.

Steel tanks

Modern steel tanks are divided into vertical cylindrical, drop-shaped, horizontal (tanks). Vertical cylindrical tanks are categorized as low-pressure ("atmospheric") tanks, pontoon tanks, and floating-lid tanks. Atmospheric-type tanks are mainly used for storing low-evaporating petroleum products (kerosene, diesel fuel, etc.).

Easily evaporating oil products are effectively stored in tanks with floating roofs and pontoons or in high-pressure tanks (drop-shaped, with a pressure of up to 0.07 MPa).

Horizontal tanks (tanks) are used to store most types of petroleum products and are used as consumable storage facilities.

The main dimensions of the tanks - diameter and height.

Vertical cylindrical tanks. Low pressure tanks are made with a conical or spherical coating. Tanks with a conical coating are built with a volume of 100-5000 m 3, and in the center of the tank a central rack is installed, on which the coating shields are supported.

Tanks with a spherical coating are built with a volume of 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 m 3 and the coating shields along the contour are supported by a stiffening ring installed on the tank body. The thickness of the tank wall sheets (counting from bottom to top) is from 14-6 mm. The thickness of the coating sheets is 3 mm.

When storing viscous heated oil products, significant heat losses to the atmosphere are observed. To reduce heat consumption for heating oil products and reduce the cost of heating devices, thermal insulation of the outer surfaces of the tanks is carried out: foam plastic, polyurethane foam, etc.

floating pontoon(Fig. 7.1) is used in tanks with a fixed coating in order to reduce the loss of volatile oil products. A pontoon floating on the liquid surface reduces the evaporation area. Losses are reduced by 4-5 times.

The pontoon is a disk with floats that provide it with buoyancy. A gap of 100-300 mm wide is left between the pontoon and the tank wall (Fig. 7.2) to avoid jamming of the pontoon (due to wall irregularities).

Rice. 7.1. tank with sealedroof and plastic pontoon:

a - vertical section of the tank; b - view of the pontoon in plan: 1 - pontoon; 2 - reservoir body;

3 - loop-shaped shutter; 4 - float;

5 - ground wire; 6 - bracket;

7 - floats; 8 - pontoon carpet; 9 - side racks; 10 - central pillar

rice. 7.2. loop gate

The gap is closed with a sealing seal.

The most widely used closure is made of rubberized fabric, the profile of which is in the form of a loop with an internal filling of the loop with an elastic material. The shutter is an integral part of the pontoon. Without a shutter, the work of the pontoon is ineffective.

There are metal and foam pontoons. The pontoon is equipped with supports on which it rests in the lower position. Pontoons are built in tanks with fixed roofs.

rice. 7.3. floating tankpontoon roof

tanks with floating pontoon roof(Fig. 7.3) do not have a stationary cover, and the role of the roof is played by a disk of steel sheets floating on the surface of the liquid. To create buoyancy along the contour of the disk, an annular pontoon is located, divided by radial bulkheads into hermetic compartments(boxes). The gap between the roof and the wall for greater tightness is made of rubberized tapes (membranes), which are pressed against the wall by lever devices.

A special rolling ladder is provided for inspection and cleaning of the floating roof. At one end it rests through a hinge on the upper platform of the tank, and at the other end it moves horizontally along the rails laid on the floating roof. Rainwater falling on the floating roof flows down to the center of the roof and is discharged through the outlet pipe through the product layer and the bottom of the tank to the outside of the sewer network.

Floating roof equipped air valve, designed to release air during the injection of oil into the tank at the lower position of the roof before it rises and for the penetration of air under the floating roof in its lower position during the emptying of the tank.

Floating roof tanks are mainly built in areas with low snow load, as snow accumulation on roofs makes it difficult to remove.

A pontoon tank differs from a floating roof tank in that it has a fixed roof and does not have hinged pipes and return siphon drains designed to remove water from the surface of the floating roof. Tanks with pontoons are common in the northern regions and in the middle lane; floating roof tanks mainly in the southern regions.

Teardrop tanks(Fig. 7.4) are used to store volatile oil products with high vapor pressure. The shell of the tank is given the outline of a liquid drop. a bone lying freely on a nonwettable plane and under the action of surface tension forces. Due to this shape of the tank, all elements of the surface of the body are stretched with approximately the same force. This ensures the minimum consumption of steel for the manufacture of the tank.

Rice. 7.4. Teardrop reservoir with equatorial support

There are two main types of these tanks: teardropnye smooth and multi-torus (multi-dome).

Teardrop-shaped smooth tanks include tanks with a smooth body that does not have breaks in the curve of the meridional section (with an internal pressure of up to 0.075 MPa). Tanks, the body of which is formed by the intersection of several double-curvature shells from which they are formed, are called multi-dome (or multi-torus) tanks (up to 0.37 MPa) (Fig. 7.5m).

Drop-shaped tanks are equipped with a set of breathing and safety valves, devices for measuring the level of temperature and pressure, as well as devices for draining and loading oil products and removing sludge. But these tanks are not widely used due to the high complexity of manufacturing and installation of individual steel sheets of double curvature.

Horizontal tanks(Fig. 7.6), unlike vertical ones, they are usually manufactured in factories and delivered to the installation site in finished form. Such tanks are used in the transportation and storage of petroleum products at distribution oil depots and consumable storage facilities. The tanks are designed for an internal pressure of 0.07 MPa, they have a conical or

Rice. 7.5. Drop-shaped tank with one torus dome:

I - plan for cutting the lower part of the shell; II - cutting plan of the upper part; III - rafter plan; IV - plan of the lower stiffening rings; 1 - support rings; 2 - pipe racks; 3 - forms and connections of the frame; 4 - central pillar; 5 - platform with reinforcement; 6- ladder

flat bottom; installed above the ground on supports or underground to a depth of not more than 1.2 m from the surface of the earth. The scope of horizontal tanks is limited by the fact that they occupy large areas, and the area of ​​the product mirror is also large.

The main structural material of the tank has the following requirements: corrosion resistance, resistance to chemical attack from the product and impermeability. Therefore, the main material used for the manufacture of tanks is steel (sheet metal) of carbon and low-alloy grades, which are characterized by good weldability, resistance to deformation and good plasticity characteristics. In some cases aluminum is used.

Of the non-metallic tanks, reinforced concrete tanks are most widely used, in which viscous and solidifying oil products are stored, such as fuel oil, bitumen, as well as heavy oil products with a low percentage of gasoline fractions. Oils with a large amount of gasoline fractions and volatile oil products are stored in reinforced concrete tanks, the impermeability of which is achieved by applying an additional gasoline and oil-resistant coating.

Flexible tanks, also called oil tanks, made of special polymer materials, are characterized by flexibility, low specific gravity and high chemical and corrosion resistance. Such tanks do not require preliminary laying of the foundation and can be located on simple wooden linings. Small specific weight and compactness in the folded state make them preferable in cases where it is required to organize a temporary oil storage without the need for the construction of capital structures. This is also facilitated by the simplicity and speed of their installation and dismantling.

Underwater tanks are tanks submerged in water. The principle of underwater storage of oil (petroleum products) is based on their density difference in comparison with water, due to which they (water and oil) practically do not mix. Stored oil, as it were, rests on a water cushion. For this reason, many of these tanks are designed without bell bottoms. They are made of reinforced concrete, metal and elastic materials (synthetic or rubber-fabric). Underwater tanks are placed at the bottom of reservoirs and fixed with anchors. Filling occurs with the help of pumps, and for emptying, the hydrostatic pressure of water is sufficient, pushing the oil product up the discharge channel. They are used at sea bases and oil fields, where they can show greater efficiency than coastal tanks.

The most common shape are cylindrical tanks. They are economical in terms of metal consumption, which was also shown by the example of Shukhov tanks, are quite simple to manufacture and install, and also have good strength and reliability. Vertical tanks can be made both by sheet method and from rolled blanks.

Along with cylindrical tanks, chemical industries successfully use spherical tanks, the body of which consists of individual sheets 25–30 mm thick, rolled or welded to form a ball. The tank body is installed after assembly on a reinforced concrete foundation in a ring. Also, the shape of the reservoir can be drop-shaped. Such tanks are assembled from parts in the form of petals, manufactured separately at the factory and delivered to the installation site.

When storing petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene) in the off-season, underground storage facilities built in rock salt deposits located at a depth (100 m and below) are of great importance. They are created by washing salt with water (leaching) through wells. To empty the storage from oil products, a saturated saline solution is pumped into it.

When oil products are stored in underground tanks, the space around them is filled with concrete, which ensures the safety of storage. The degree of soil moisture in which the tank is immersed determines the degree of its additional protection. It can be either a special anti-corrosion protective coating or waterproofing of the tank. Underground tanks have a number of advantages, including ease of use, saving space in the territory where they are installed, and the possibility of their placement in places with high seismicity. It is also important to note the fact that underground reservoirs are less subject to daily temperature fluctuations.

For storage of petroleum products underground, double-walled tanks are best suited, in which the tank (main) is located inside the protective tank, and the distance between their walls should be at least 4 mm. This distance is ensured by means of a rolling profile, which is attached by welding to the inner surface of the protective tank. The cavity between the main and protective tanks is well sealed and filled with gas or liquid, the density of which is less than the density of the stored oil product. Constant monitoring of the interstitial cavity makes it possible to timely determine damage and prevent a possible accident.