Measures to improve the financial performance of OOO "tekhkom-avtomatika" and evaluate their effectiveness. Development of measures to improve the financial stability of Vega LLC Measures to improve financial performance

A set of local measures aimed at improving the financial condition of the enterprise includes measures to improve management efficiency and ensure sustainable implementation, and accelerate the turnover of working capital.

The purpose of the implementation of local measures of financial recovery is to ensure the sustainable financial position of the enterprise, which is manifested in the stability of receipts from sales, increasing the profitability of products. This set of measures reflects the essence of anti-crisis management at the enterprise.

The first block of activities includes the following activities:
1. By reducing the cost, which includes:
- reduction of overhead costs by simplifying the management structure and bringing the number of managerial personnel in accordance with the objective production need
- improvement of the work of the supply service of the enterprise, the maximum possible reduction of intermediary structures, which will make it possible to reduce the cost of consumed raw materials and materials and supply the enterprise with more technologically and cost-effective types of it.
- strengthening control over the quality of services provided, eliminating their repeated provision
- reduction of equipment maintenance costs and reduction of property tax
- Leasing of unused space and fixed assets can be used as a source of cost reduction, as well as additional income. This event may become especially relevant for wholesale and retail trade enterprises.
- introduction of personal responsibility for the use of material resources, as well as tasks to reduce costs for all departments and services of the enterprise.
- tax optimization
- choice of accounting policy of the enterprise
- minimization of utility bills

2. To improve the efficiency of personnel management through:
- bringing the professional and qualitative level of the personnel in line with the innovative processes of the enterprise
- labor productivity management
- staff planning and marketing, recruitment and accounting management
- management of labor relations, staff development, ensuring normal working conditions
- management of personnel behavior motivation

3. On the reorganization of management structures through structural adjustment in order to ensure the effective distribution of the use of all the resources of the enterprise, which consists in creating a complex of business units based on the division, connection, liquidation of existing and organization of new structural units, joining other enterprises to the enterprise, etc.

The second block of measures aimed at ensuring sustainable implementation and accelerating the turnover of working capital includes the following activities:

1. Search for new types of products or increase the competitiveness of already produced ones. Carrying out a complex of marketing activities in order to promote or search for a promising market niche. This includes the following management actions:
- development of the marketing service at the enterprise
- identification of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of competitors
- identifying emerging changes in the market, finding ways to respond to the influence of external factors
- analysis of internal information about orders and sales, product relevance, product returns, market capacity
- study of buyers in terms of the needs of the population, work with external sources of information
- development of recommendations for establishing a "price fork" for products, participation in the development and implementation of a flexible pricing policy of the sales department.

These management measures make it possible to identify those types of products that are in demand on the market, to notice a decrease in prices or an increase in demand for these products in a timely manner, and on the basis of this information, adjust their production program, find out the reasons for changes in demand, make appropriate changes in products, go to if necessary, to launch new products. Holding such events will also allow you to constantly monitor the activities of competitors and, if necessary, take the necessary measures to increase the competitiveness of your products, improve their sales, which will always be one step ahead of your competitors.
This inevitably leads to a decrease in stocks of finished products in the warehouse, an acceleration of the turnover of the company's working capital and, together with an increase in sales proceeds, to an improvement in its financial condition.

2. Collection of receivables involves the following management actions:
- increase in the share of prepayment for products sold
- to intensify the work of the legal service to recover the overdue part of the debt
Carrying out such activities will allow the company to increase the share of cash, accelerate the turnover of the company's working capital, which will certainly affect its financial condition.

3. Replacement of worn-out equipment or replacement of assets for new products, includes activities for the acquisition of more versatile equipment, which will allow the enterprise to diversify if necessary

4. Choosing the right marketing policy.
- the use in the process of selling products of information about the most favorable regions for sales, obtained in the marketing department as a result of ongoing research.
- establishing direct links with consumers of products and minimizing intermediary services
-opening own shops
Carrying out such events will significantly reduce the prices of manufactured products, since there will be no multiple mark-ups made by intermediary organizations, such a price reduction cannot but affect the competitiveness of manufactured products. The sale of products in regions that are marked as having increased demand will also increase sales.

Undergraduate practice on the topic:

Action plan to improve the financial stability of the enterprise

(Falcon")

Introduction……………………………………………………………….………..3

Part 1. Theoretical…………………………………………….……………..5

5

1.2 Methods for analyzing the financial stability of an enterprise…………..…..9

1.3 Detailed analysis of the financial stability of the enterprise ... .13

Part 2. Analytical………………………………………………………… 17

2.1. General characteristics of the Sokol "………………………...…… 17

2.2. Analysis of the management organization Sokol "……………….….19

2.3. Financial stability analysis Sokol”…………………………………………………………………………24

Conclusions…………………………………………………………………..…….35

References………………………………………………..…………..37

Applications…………………………………………………………….……..40

Introduction

The study of the activities of any enterprise is impossible without analysis. It is included in any scientific and practical study of the activities of organizations.

The topic is relevant at this point in time, since in market conditions the key to survival and the basis for the stable position of the enterprise is its financial stability. Determining the boundaries of organizational stability is one of the most important economic problems. Since insufficient financial stability can lead to an enterprise's lack of funds for the development of production, its insolvency and, ultimately, bankruptcy, and excessive financial stability will hinder development, burdening the enterprise's costs with excessive stocks and reserves.

To assess the financial stability of an enterprise, it is necessary to analyze its financial condition. The results of the analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise is of paramount importance for a wide range of users, both internal and external. Namely for managers, partners, investors and creditors.

The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical material on the topic under study, as well as to analyze the financial position and condition of the enterprise.

In accordance with the purpose of the work, it is necessary to highlight the tasks that will be solved to achieve it, namely:

Study of legislation, regulatory documents;

Studying the methodological base of the topic under study;

The study of the theoretical foundations of the analysis of the financial stability of the analyzed enterprise;

Conducting an analysis of the financial stability of the enterprise.

The object of the work is the Falcon.

Study period: 2009-2011

The theoretical aspects of the topic under study were studied in the works of both domestic and foreign scientists - economists. Among them are such as - M., A., M., Ya., A., Lakhtionova and others.

The basis of the study in the work was the work of famous scientists: M. I. Bakanov, I. T. Balabanova, L. V. Dontsova, V. V. Kovalev, G. V. Savitskaya, E. S. Stoyanova, A. D. Sheremet and others.

The practical basis of the work was the documents of the annual and current reporting Sokol.

Methods for studying the financial stability of Sokol" were: the method of financial ratios, horizontal analysis and vertical analysis.

Thus, the paper will consider the theoretical aspects of the topic under study and analyze the financial stability of Sokol.

Part 1. Theoretical

1.1 Basic concepts, goals, objectives of the analysis of the financial stability of the enterprise

In market conditions, the key to survival and the basis for the stable position of the enterprise is its financial stability. To assess the financial stability of an enterprise, it is necessary to analyze its financial condition. The results of the analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise is of paramount importance for a wide range of users, both internal and external. Namely for managers, partners, investors and creditors.

An analysis of the financial condition allows you to identify the financial capabilities of the enterprise, timely detect negative trends in its development, including the threat of bankruptcy, develop measures to improve the financial condition, and also choose a financially reliable partner.

The study of the topic of the financial condition of the enterprise must begin with a consideration of the theoretical aspects of the analysis of financial stability.

To date, several definitions of the concept of "financial condition" have been proposed. Consider the definitions of several authors.

According to P., the financial condition of an enterprise is a set of indicators that reflect its ability to pay off its debt obligations.

From the point of view of B, financial condition is the state of an economic entity, characterized by the availability of financial resources, the availability of funds necessary for economic activity, maintaining a normal mode of work and life, making cash settlements with other entities.

1.3 Detailed analysis of the financial stability of the enterprise

For the most clear understanding of the essence of this method, it is necessary to consider the analysis of financial indicators, which allows you to identify critical points in the company's activities, determine the causes of problems and plan actions aimed at solving them.

Analysis of financial indicators consists of four main steps

Selection of indicators that are most suitable for the analysis of strategic problems.

Calculation of these indicators.

Comparison of the obtained values ​​with similar indicators of this company for previous years, as well as with their standard values.

Using indicators in financial planning to determine how to solve problems and future opportunities for the firm.

The analysis of financial calculated indicators is aimed at studying the structure of the enterprise's assets, the quality and intensity of their use, the way they are financed; it allows you to evaluate the profitability of the company, its solvency and liquidity, as well as some other aspects of its financial life.

Analysis of calculated indicators is the most common financial analysis tool. The big advantage of the ratios is that they smooth out the negative impact of inflationary processes, which can significantly distort the absolute figures of financial statements and thus make it difficult to compare them in dynamics. You can get a financial ratio by dividing one item or the amount of the balance sheet or income statement by another item.

…………….

Part 2. Analytical

2.1. General characteristics of the Falcon»

Sokol Limited Liability Company is a young and dynamically developing company. The main activity of the company is the production of engines for drilling rigs in the oil industry.

Revenue/Avg. Accounts Receivable - Shows the average number of days required to collect receivables

Debt turnover to suppliers and contractors

Revenue/average annual accounts payable to suppliers and contractors - shows the rate of accumulation/repayment of debts

Inventory turnover

Revenue / average annual cost of inventories - reflects the rate of conversion of invested funds into cash

financial sustainability

Financial dependency ratio

The ratio of borrowed and equity capital means how much the company's assets are financed by borrowed funds

The lower the better

Equity share ratio

The ratio of own funds to the total amount of assets - characterizes what part of the assets are own funds

0,5-0,6

Capitalization ratio

The ratio of borrowed and equity capital - the rate of return of the investor

>1 - hovered above. from loans.

Wed-in

Equity ratio

The ratio of equity (minus non-current assets, long-term liabilities and losses) to current assets - characterizes the presence of own working capital of the enterprise, necessary for its financial stability

>= 0.1

Agility factor

The ratio of equity (net of non-current assets, long-term liabilities and losses) to current assets

0,2-0,5

Financial stability ratio

The ratio of share capital to total assets - shows the share of the company's assets financed by equity.

> 60%

Profitability

Profitability of sales

Ratio of sales profit to sales revenue - shows the share of profit in each earned ruble.

The bigger, the better

Profitability of core business

The ratio of profit from sales to production and sales costs - shows how much profit each ruble of production costs gives

Return on assets, ROA

The ratio of net profit to the average annual value of assets - shows the ability of the company's assets to generate profit

Return on total capital, ROCE

The ratio of earnings before interest and taxes, multiplied by the difference between the unit and the tax rate, to the amount of debt and equity - shows the company's efficiency and profitability in capital investments

Return on working capital

The ratio of net profit to current assets - characterizes the company's ability to profit from the implementation of core activities

Return on equity, ROE

The ratio of net profit to equity - characterizes the profitability of a business for its owners

Appendix 2

Sokol property analysis and

sources of its formation

The constant strong financial position of the enterprise depends primarily on the improvement of such indicators as labor productivity, production profitability, capital productivity, as well as following and fulfilling its profit plan.

The appropriate distribution of enterprise funds is facilitated by the correct organization of the material and technical support of production, effective activities to accelerate the cash flow. In order to understand how competently and efficiently the financial resources at the disposal of the company are used, an analysis of the financial condition of the company is carried out.

First of all, the financial efficiency of the enterprise is characterized by the turnover of working capital of the enterprise.

An increase in production volumes and effective marketing of products leads to an acceleration in the turnover of working capital, which do not require capital investments. Because inflation quickly devalues ​​working capital, then enterprises are forced to spend an increasing part of them on the purchase of goods, non-payments by buyers divert most of the funds from circulation. Current assets are used as working capital in the enterprise.

Savings in working capital, and therefore an increase in its turnover, can be achieved by improving inventory management (i.e. databases). The company needs to ensure that the goods do not deteriorate and there is no obsolescence of the goods, but in the meantime, maintain a large stock in the warehouse so that in case of high demand there is no shortage of goods.

To accelerate the turnover of working capital at the enterprise, it is advisable:

Forecasting the demand and preferences of the buyer and introducing a new product (or service) into the database;

use of modern databases;

in the shortest possible time to provide the buyer with the service he has chosen.

In order to gradually reduce the financial dependence of the enterprise and strengthen the financial activities of the enterprise, it is possible to offer an event to manage the company's accounts payable and receivables. You can manage and dispose of receivables when you:

You regularly monitor the status of settlements with customers, especially for deferred payments.

You set certain conditions for crediting debtors

Targeting the largest number of buyers to reduce the risk of non-payment by one or more buyers.

The second action that can be offered to the enterprise is the implementation of an advertising program to increase sales growth and profitability.

Since the company "Inkom-Nedvizhimost" pursues a competent pricing policy and has its own market share, the most optimal and expedient solution for the effective financial activity of the enterprise will, of course, be to increase profits! First of all, this can be achieved, firstly, by increasing the expansion of the agency's base, that is, by offering an even larger assortment to customers. Secondly, the agency needs to attract new consumers. Perhaps this can be done by holding any charity events and sponsoring something, thereby gaining even more consumer confidence. If an enterprise manages to create a good and high-quality image of itself and its activities among the groups of the public that are of interest to it, then this will greatly facilitate the achievement of its goals. The main task of the company in this area is to create among the public and, above all, among active and potential buyers, an attractive image, a winning image of the company, which would inspire confidence in the company itself and all its products.

Work with the public (Public Relations, publicity) should be directed in such a way that it convinces buyers that the company takes care of its customers, the environment, strives to improve the well-being of the population, release new, first-class products and, ultimately invoice, should form an opinion among buyers about the company as a reliable partner, a highly professional, reliable and serious supplier.

Third, improve the classification of each worker. In the company "Inkom-Nedvizhimost" most of the management personnel have a secondary or secondary specialized education, which does not fully meet the requirements that provide for standard job descriptions. The qualifications of employees of the financial department are of great importance in the activity and further development, because it is they who make any decisions regarding the financial situation of the enterprise, and their incompetence can lead to financial damage to the enterprise and reduce the efficiency of managing its financial resources. The company's management should also pay a lot of attention to their awareness and preparedness on financial resource management, because if the manager fully understands the tasks and functions of the modern financial system of the company, then he will be able to quickly, and most importantly, accurately make optimal decisions on the company's issues.

Based on the results of the analysis of this organization, we can conclude that Inkom-Nedvizhimost adheres to the leader's strategy.

What is a leader? Usually the leader is the firm that enjoys the highest authority among other firms in the market and which makes the greatest contribution to the development of this market. The most important strategy that determines the leader is the demand increase strategy, which is aimed at finding more consumers of the product, discovering new uses for an existing product, or increasing consumption of the product. Thus, when the leader increases the market, he benefits his competitors operating in the market. In order for the leader to retain a leading position among all enterprises in the market, he needs to try to expand the market as a whole, but also in particular his segment, make every effort to find new consumers, and also reduce product prices by reducing costs. Any strategy that will bring the most income to the firm, and will contain little risk, will always be justified for such organizations. By setting new and changing pricing policies, expanding market share and increasing demand, such organizations will set an example for their competitors, resulting in healthy and almost equal competition in the market. The growth of the market as a whole, the involvement of new consumers, the identification of new, more modern ways of consuming and using products, all this will contribute to the fact that the agency will be able to strengthen its leading position in the market. And in order to rise steadily in the future, the firm must try to find ways to expand overall demand, protect its market segment with well-thought-out actions and try to expand its market share.

BCG matrix

Using this matrix, a firm can determine:

which of its products plays a leading role in comparison with competitors;

what is the dynamics of its market.

Classifications of types of strategic business units:

"Stars"

High sales growth and high market share. Market share must be maintained and increased. "Stars" bring a very large profit. But, despite the attractiveness of this product, its net cash flow is quite low, as it requires significant investment to ensure a high growth rate.

"Cash Cows"

High market share but low sales volume growth. "Cash cows" must be protected and controlled as much as possible. Their attractiveness is explained by the fact that they do not require additional investments and at the same time provide a good cash income. Proceeds from sales can be directed to the development of "Difficult Children" and to support the "Stars".

"Dogs"

The growth rate is low, the market share is low, the product is usually of low profitability and requires a lot of attention from the manager. Get rid of dogs.

"Difficult Children"

Low market share, but high growth rates. Difficult children need to be studied. In the future, they can become both stars and dogs. If there is a possibility of transferring to the stars, then you need to invest, otherwise, get rid of it.

Thus, the agency should abandon the dogs and invest in dairy cows.

The real estate agency "Inkom-Nedvizhimost" is at the stage of maturity, since its task is to obtain the maximum possible profit, it has its own market share. The real estate agency "Inkom-Nedvizhimost" is a well-known agency, therefore, in order to attract and retain customers, it needs to maintain a high quality of services, good relations with customers.

The company "Inkom-Nedvizhimost" pursues a competent pricing policy. Prices provide the company with the planned profit, the competitiveness of products, and the demand for it. The price of services includes a certain level of profitability. The pricing policy is such that people with high and middle incomes can use the services.

Also, during the analysis of the enterprise, the following weaknesses were identified:

A number of priority control subsystems are missing.

Staff demotivation.

Low managerial and professional education of top and middle personnel.

Suboptimal organizational structure.

The analysis of MVT LLC showed that the company is in an unstable financial situation, the reasons for which are:

1) a decrease in revenue from the sale of products, as a result of which an increase in the strength of the impact of the operating leverage;

2) lack of own working capital;

3) increase in the asset turnover period;

4) decrease in profitability indicators;

5) high dependence on borrowed capital.

Thus, the enterprise under study needs to seriously work on improving the composition and structure of sources of funds: strive to increase equity, limit the growth of accounts payable, improve its quality, learn to use the benefits of loans and borrowings.

As of the dates under consideration, the enterprise turned out to be completely insolvent; the balance sheet cannot be called liquid. And it is almost impossible to restore the lost solvency, as evidenced by the above calculations and the dynamics of indicators.

In most cases, the enterprise does not use the prepayment system, the funds are received, in the best case, after the shipment of the goods, in the worst case, receivables arise, including overdue ones.

There is also arrears in wages and payments to the budget, which causes other expenses: fines, penalties, forfeits, legal costs.

The main "weak" places in the financial position of the enterprise are:

– low profitability of sales (or high level of expenses),

– unsatisfactory indicator of absolute liquidity of assets.

To improve the financial condition, it is necessary to carry out the following activities:

1. Increase sales profit. In this regard, the company needs to increase production and sales by attracting new customers, providing a system of discounts.

2. To ensure an uninterrupted production process and sales of products, inventories must be optimal.

Inventory management is a complex set of activities in which the tasks of a financial manager are intertwined with the tasks of production management and marketing.

The principal formula that determines the required amount of financial resources advanced for the formation of inventories has the form (see formula 20):

PSz = SR × Nz - KZ, (26)

where FSz is the amount of financial resources advanced into reserves,

SR - the average daily amount of expenses in the amount,

Nz - the standard for storing stocks, in days (in the absence of developed standards, the indicator of the average duration of stock turnover in days can be used),

KZ - the average amount of accounts payable for settlements for acquired inventory items (this element is included in the calculation, as a rule, only for inventories, when selling finished products, it includes only with the established practice of prepayment for it).

The calculation is carried out for each type of reserves. Summing up the calculation results allows you to get the total need for financial resources advanced for the formation of reserves, i.e. determine the size of current assets serving this stage of the production and commercial cycle.

Minimization of current inventory maintenance costs is an optimization problem that is solved in the process of their normalization.

The calculation of the optimal size of the delivery lot, at which the total current costs of inventory maintenance are minimized, is carried out according to formula 21:

where ORpl is the optimal size of the delivery lot,

Zg - the required volume of purchases of goods (raw materials and materials) per year (quarter),

TK1 - the amount of current costs for placing an order, delivery of goods and their acceptance per one delivered batch,

ТЗ2 - the size of the current costs of storing a unit of stock.

The calculation of the optimal order size is presented in table 31.

Table 31. Calculation of the optimal order size

The main goal of these measures is the release of part of the financial resources that have been "dragged" in excess reserves.

The amount of released financial resources in this case is determined by formula 19:

FSv = Zn – Zf = (ZDn – Zdf) × SR, (28)

where CSF is the amount of released financial resources in the process of normalizing stocks,

Зн - the standard of reserves in the amount,

Zf - actual reserves in the amount,

ZDn - stock standard in days,

ZDf - actual stocks in days,

SR - the average daily volume of spending stocks in the amount.

Thus, per year we need reserves in the amount of: 4 × 832 × 4 = 13312 tr.

In fact, for this period, the reserves amounted to 17697 thousand rubles.

Consequently, when optimizing a batch of orders, we will get a release of funds in the amount of 4385 thousand rubles, which indicates an increase in the cost of their storage and use. Therefore, it is advisable to reduce stocks by 4385 thousand rubles. by selling them at market value (4,300 thousand rubles).

Duration of inventory turnover in 2009: Pz=360/(76211/17697)=84 days.

If we reduce stocks by 4385 thousand rubles, then the duration of the turnover will be: Пз=360/(76211/13312)=63 days.

Consequently, the duration of inventory turnover will be reduced by 21 days and as a result: ±E=76211/360×(-21)= -10.08 thousand rubles.

3. To collect debt in order to accelerate the turnover of funds, it is necessary:

- create incentives for the company's customers to pay their bills faster by providing special discounts;

– create a client assessment system that would summarize all the risks associated with it. The total dependency on such a partner would include its receivables, goods in stock ready for shipment, products in production destined for that customer. Establish formal credit limits for each client, which will be determined by the general relationship with this client, the need for funds and an assessment of the financial situation of a particular client.

4. To increase cash flow and reduce receivables, use a prepayment system.

5. Set off accounts receivable and payable. This will lead to a decrease in the value of current assets, which in turn will lead to an increase in the value of the ratio of own working capital.

6. Take into account possible risks in the process of production and sale of products. To do this, it is necessary to determine the probable losses, for example, a decrease in sales volumes, a decrease in the selling price of products, an increase in the purchase price, and loss of goods in the circulation process.

7. Carry out activities aimed at reducing excess balances of raw materials that will allow the company to increase cash and reduce accounts payable to suppliers.

At the same time, work should be carried out to increase the competitiveness of manufactured products, primarily by improving their quality, reducing the number of defects and reducing the cost of production and sale of products.

The most important problem of the deterioration of the financial condition of MVT LLC is a large receivables.

In order to reduce the risks of untimely return of funds and the occurrence of losses, it is proposed to conclude an insurance contract for receivables. Due to the delay in payment, the seller loses part of the money as a result of inflation, therefore, when determining the seller's gain, it is necessary to take into account the amount of losses from inflation.

If the amount to be received by the contract is S, and the price dynamics is characterized by the index Iц, then the real amount of money, taking into account their purchasing power at the time of payment, will be S:I. According to the data of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation for 2009, inflation in the consumer market was 8.8%.

Prices for 2009 increased by 8.8%, then Ic = 1.088. Accordingly, the payment of 1000 rubles. at this point is equivalent to the payment of 919 RUB. in real dimension. Consequently, the real loss of revenue due to inflation will be 81 rubles. Let's determine the amount of losses from inflation (see Table 32).

Table 32. Accounts receivable

As can be seen from Table 32, the amount of receivables from unreliable clients amounted to 8,993,722 rubles, and the amount of losses from inflation was 1,066,804 rubles.

Accounts receivable insurance involves insuring the risk of losses from late return of funds by the buyer or his bankruptcy.

In order to insure its receivables, the company must insure all buyers who purchase products on a deferred payment basis. But this does not mean that all of them will be insured.

An insurance company, before offering specific insurance conditions (insurance premium, deductible), will analyze the credit risks of the company's counterparties, select those with whom it is permissible to work on a deferred payment basis, and set a credit limit for each of them.

After paying the insurance indemnity, the company retains the right to claim for the obligations (accounts receivable) of the buyer in the amount of the franchise established in the franchise agreement.

Let us assume that the deductible in the insurance contract is set at 15%, the insurance premium is 9% of the insured sales volume and we will make calculations in table 33.

Table 33. Calculation of insurance indemnity and deductible for insurance of receivables

As can be seen from table 33, products worth 8,993,722 rubles were shipped to MVT customers. The obligations of the buyers were not repaid. At the end of the waiting period, the insurance company would have paid 7,644,661 rubles. insurance compensation. Debt in the amount of 1349060 RUB. would remain outstanding, and the enterprise has the right to demand this money from the buyer.

The calculation of the company's gain from insurance of receivables is shown in table 34.

Table 34

As can be seen from the table 34, the gain of the enterprise in the case of insurance of receivables of unreliable debtors will be 6552974 rubles.

The use of accounts receivable insurance will increase the financial independence of MVT LLC, it will be much easier for the enterprise to obtain more favorable conditions for bank loans. In this case, the insured receivables can serve as a pledge for the bank.

The main disadvantage of receivables insurance is the rather high cost of this service compared to similar offers in foreign markets. The insurance premium can range from 0.9 to 9% of the insured sales volume with installment payment. This is due to the fact that Russian insurance companies, when determining the amount of the premium, take into account the country risk of Russia in the cost of insurance.

8. It is necessary to develop such a sales plan that would have the maximum profitability for the forecast year.

As the target function, we use marginal profit, which is of paramount importance, i.e. the faster the turnover, the more important the contribution margin is, which maximizes the profit from sales. That is, maximizing turnover allows you to maximize profits.

Target function:

MVT LLC manufactures the following products:

- solution;

- foundation blocks.

The consumption of resources for the production of marketable products of each type is presented in table 35.

The objective function is a mathematical notation of the optimality criterion, i.e. expression to be maximized.

Table 35. Consumption of resources for the production of marketable products

The target function looks like:

F(х)=1500X1.1+1650X1.2+1890X1.3+2080X1.4+2250X1.5+2380X1.6+2700X1.7+1700X2.1+1950X2.2+2360X2.3+2400X2.4+930X3 .1+1390X3.2+1820X3.3+2350X3.4→max.

Restriction system:

1) for cement

0.26X1.1+0.265X1.2+0.31X1.3+0.34X1.4+0.4X1.5+0.42X1.6+0.48X1.7+0.27X2.1+0.34X2. 2+0.38X2.3+0.44X2.4+0.0934X3.1+0.125X3.2+0.156X3.3+0.175X3.4<=17000;

2) on gravel

0.5X1.2+0.5X1.3+0.55X1.4+0.55X1.5+0.55X1.6+0.55X1.7+0.162X3.1+0.217X3.2+0.2716X3. 3+0.326X3.4<=13000;

1.95X1.1+1.3X1.2+1.3X1.3+1.35X1.4+1.3X1.5+1.3X1.6+1.2X1.7+0.65X3.1+0.869X3 .2+1.086X3.3+1.304X3.4<=35000;

4) along the sand

1.45X2.1+1.4X2.2+1.4X2.3+1.35X2.4<=15000

5) for plasticizers

0.00708X1.1+0.00504X1.2+0.0049X1.3+0.00612X1.4+0.0077X1.5+0.00879X1.6+0.008X1.7+0.00337X2.1+0.00422X2 .2+0.00506X2.3+0.0059X2.4<=192

This linear programming problem is solved using the search for solutions. Solution Finder is an Excel add-in that allows you to solve optimization problems.

To solve the problem, the following solution is made:

1) the initial data of the task are entered into the created form - a table in MS Excel;

2) dependency is introduced

F(х)=1500X1.1+1650X1.2+1890X1.3+2080X1.4+2250X1.5+2380X1.6+2700X1.7+1700X2.1+1950X2.2+2360X2.3+2400X2.4+930X3 .1+1390X3.2+1820X3.3+2350X3.4→max;

3) dependencies for constraints are introduced;

4) restrictions on resources are introduced (see Fig. 2);

5) parameters are introduced for solving the linear programming problem.

Introduction of conditions for solving the problem

After a short time, the Solution Search Results dialog box will appear and the original table with filled cells B3:P3 and cell Q4 with the maximum value of the objective function (see Fig. 3).

Solution Search Result

The resulting solution means that due to the production of concrete M 400 in the amount of 15805.6 m3, mortar M 200 in the amount of 11111.1 m3, FBS 12295 units, you can get additional profit in the amount of 98236 thousand rubles, while ASG, sand and plasticizers will be used in full, and out of 17,000 tons of cement, 14,781 tons will be used, and out of 13,000 tons of gravel, 12,701 tons will be used. in its implementation.

Table 36. The state of the main economic indicators for the optimization of the range, thousand rubles.

As a result of the calculations, it can be seen that the proposed measures to optimize the assortment are of practical importance, since the growth rates for performance indicators, such as profit, revenue are above 100%.