How to grow mushrooms yourself. How to grow champignons at home - a mushroom plantation in your home

Champignons are very tasty, fragrant mushrooms. Cooking them is not difficult even for an inexperienced hostess. Well, if you also grow it yourself, there will be no limit to delight! Cooking mushrooms grown with your own hands is especially pleasant. There is something mysterious, primordial and very pleasant in this.

So where do you start? The first and most important thing is to decide on a place for the mycelium. It should be a room without direct sunlight. Of course, if this is a private house, the best choice would be a cellar, or an old chicken coop. But it is possible to grow mushrooms in an apartment. The main thing is that the room should have the opportunity to create optimal growth conditions, because following the rules is the most difficult thing in the mushroom business.

The first step is to equip the room. The main thing for the growth of mushrooms is a fairly high humidity (80-90%). Mushrooms are susceptible to all kinds of bacteria, so disinfection is indispensable.

The second important factor is temperature (15-25 degrees). For optimal mushroom growth, these two factors are essential. You need to be especially careful with heating devices, everything that warms the air dries it. Purchasing a hygrometer (a device for measuring humidity) will make your task easier. In fact, control is not so difficult. You can remove excess moisture with a fan, and increase it with a conventional spray gun.

The room should be well ventilated, mushrooms absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The result will be mushrooms with huge disproportionate legs. There are, of course, you can, but there will be no presentation. In the apartment, as an option, you can put several flowerpots. Flowers absorb carbon dioxide while releasing oxygen.

The most responsible and complex process is the preparation of compost (substrate) - an artificial nutrient medium. Without it, a good harvest will not work. Making your own compost is difficult, but possible. You will need patience, because its preparation is not a quick matter, and there is no exact formula. For the preparation of compost, horse manure is the optimal component. But it is not easy to find it, so you can use cow and even chicken droppings. The composting technology itself does not depend on the type of compost. For a small apartment garden, it is more expedient to buy ready-made.

We prepare high-quality compost

Ingredients:

10 kg of straw
10 kg of horse manure.
6 kg plaster
400 liters of water.

Cooking.

We start with straw. Soak it in water for 2-3 days. We make sure it stays moist. At the bottom of a suitable container (burt) we put straw, then horse manure. Keep in mind, the mixture requires stirring, keep this in mind when choosing a container.

Alternate layers 4-5 times. There should be straw on top. We cover with a film or synthetic burlap in the center, not completely. The substrate needs oxygen. After 3-4 days, mix, add gypsum. Such compost is prepared for 3-4 weeks. During this time, it is necessary to make 4-5 interruptions. After this period, the substrate becomes similar to the soil from the forest, becomes loose, does not stick to hands.

Soil preparation before planting champignons

The floor on which the mycelium will live must be concrete and even. It should be covered with waterproof material. Plastic wrap works great. The size of the beds should be considered in advance. Between them there should be enough space for free movement. Too wide will be uncomfortable when harvesting. The optimal width is 1.3 m.
We lay the prepared mixture on polyethylene with a layer of 25-35 cm.

We sow the mycelium of champignons

Sowing mycelium depends on its type. There are two types on sale: ready for planting and spores. For spores, you do not need to make holes, it is evenly distributed around the perimeter of the beds, without sprinkling anything. For growing at home, the first option would be more suitable. Mycelium must be kept at room temperature for a day before planting.

For 1 square meter you need 500 grams of base. We make holes of about 6 cm. The distance between them should be at least 20 cm. We place a part of the mycelium in each hole. Sprinkle with a layer of earth or a mixture of peat + lime + soil (ratio 5: 1: 4). We sit in a checkerboard pattern.

Temperature regime and watering champignons

The first time you need to carefully monitor the temperature and humidity. It is necessary to cover the bed with a cloth and constantly moisten it. One of the important processes is the supply of air to the room. The optimum temperature during the incubation period is 27-30 degrees, humidity 90%.

After the appearance of white threads, it is necessary to cover the entire perimeter with earth. Thickness is about 5 cm. Humidity should be reduced to 70%, temperature to 27.

The incubation period has come to an end. The next one is forcing. We lower the temperature in the room to 16 degrees. Some 7-8 more days and your garden with champignons will delight with the first mushrooms!

You need to harvest by unscrewing the mushroom. This will allow you to use the mycelium a few more times. If cut off, the rest of the stem will begin to rot and the soil will become unsuitable for further use.

Is it profitable to grow champignons

Growing champignon mushrooms as a business is a profitable investment. At minimal cost, net profit in just 3 months. The possibility of doing this business all round makes this type of business very attractive to any person. The buyer is ready to purchase goods at any time of the year. The main thing is to correctly calculate your strength and production volumes.

Are there any disadvantages?

The main one is the placement of the beds, because the mycelium occupies almost the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. It is difficult to raise the temperature as the warm air rises. The solution to the problem is the construction of a rack and raising the mycelium by 1.5-2 m. As for business, it is possible to get a decent profit with a bed of 50 square meters. m.

How to grow champignons at home on a shelf

This method is more modern. It provides for the cultivation of mycelium in convenient boxes.

The "Dutch" method of cultivation allows the most rational use of the area of ​​​​the room, reduce the time for care and maintenance of the microclimate.

There is no risk of losing the entire crop due to drip irrigation, thereby preventing infections from spreading through the mycelium from the upper tiers to the lower ones.

The only disadvantage of this method is its high cost. Such a system involves the use of special equipment and costs about $ 8,000 for 50 square meters. m of working area. At such costs, it is necessary to grow good hybrids that give a large and frequent harvest.
The "Dutch" method is suitable for the development of an existing business.

Previously, only oyster mushrooms were grown in bags, but progress has also reached champignons. This method allows you to grow crops with low investment.

Preparing compost:

15 kg horse manure
2 kg cow
6 kg earth
3 kg straw
2 kg sunflower seed husks
water.

We mix all the ingredients. Fill with water and wait for the heating to 80 degrees. After 2.5-3 weeks, spread over the surface to dry.

Pack the dried mixture tightly into a bag and fill it with water to increase the moisture content.

We make holes in the bag with a diameter of up to 10 cm. This must be done in a checkerboard pattern, otherwise we will tear the bag. It is in these holes that the mycelium must be settled.

This method is suitable even for a schoolboy, as it does not require large expenses and special skills. Each bag is moistened separately. This means that if an infection occurs, it will be enough to remove one of them. Thus, to save the entire crop. For example, in the garden it is impossible.

How to grow champignon mushrooms in containers

The secret of this method lies in the design of the container itself. It has a lid and a tray to drain excess moisture and thereby produce natural ventilation.

The mushroom picker grows almost automatically, with minimal labor costs. The substrate is the same as for growing in bags.
Among the shortcomings is the long payback period of the equipment.

How to grow champignons in briquettes

Today this method is very popular. The method is good for beginners. This is explained, first of all, by convenience and cheapness. In the main parameters, it does not differ from other types of cultivation.

Practicality is due to the easy transportation of blocks around the perimeter of the mycelium. This is useful when changing stages of growth. For example, the method with beds does not have such an opportunity; with bags, the expenditure of forces is very high.

Thus, growing champignons at home using briquettes allows you to start from scratch, investing a minimum of money and labor costs.

Having familiarized yourself with the methods of growing champignons at home, you involuntarily ask yourself the question: which method to choose? Assess your strengths and capabilities, understand what results you want to achieve.

Start your own business? Producing a quality environmentally friendly product for your family? Try to do something new? By answering these questions, you will get closer to your goal. And then, as they say, it's a matter of technology.

Types of champignons for cultivation

The best methods for growing mushrooms are presented above. Where can I get seeds? It is better to buy mycelium in proven and reliable places.

There are two types of mycelium: compost and grain. For home cultivation, compost is suitable, more resistant to various influences (temperature difference, humidity).
Grain is the best option for industrial production. It is difficult to achieve sterility at home, so the grain quickly becomes infected and dies.

When buying, you need to make sure that there are air filters on the package. Without them, the mycelium will die and sooner or later mold will grow in it.

When purchasing mycelium, we pay attention to the company producing it. A large manufacturer will not risk its reputation in the market by selling a poor quality product.

There are about 60 varieties of champignon. The most popular and widely used common mushroom.
There are many hybrid subspecies. The breeding of hybrids allowed producers to increase resistance to infections, increase yields. Of course, the price of such a mycelium is different from the usual one.

If you are a beginner and want to grow your business from the ground up, it is best to choose the lowest cost option. Don't be afraid to start and don't be offended if it doesn't work out. The best option for you would be to grow mushrooms in briquettes.

Approaching the matter responsibly and competently, you are doomed to success!

If your country house has a cool basement, then growing champignons at home is a great opportunity to get enough delicious mushrooms. For beginners, we recommend using the easiest way to grow champignons and a step-by-step guide. Reviews, photos and videos will help you avoid common mistakes.

Home mushroom growing is an exciting activity that at first seems difficult, and later turns into a hobby.

How to grow champignons at home, step by step about

Home mushroom growing is an exciting activity that at first seems difficult, and later turns into a hobby. Over time, it begins to bring a stable income. Many summer residents have learned to grow champignons in the country for their own needs first. The process of growing mushrooms at home includes several main stages, namely:

1. Acquisition of high-quality mushroom.
2. Preparation of nutrient substrate.
3. Selection and preparation of a suitable room for growing champignons.
4. Planting mycelium on prepared compost.
5. Organization of planting care.

Not everyone knows how to choose high-quality mushroom mycelium. When buying a mycelium, the first thing to pay attention to is the appearance and smell of the mycelium. High-quality material will have an intense aroma of mushrooms without the admixture of foreign odors. Many packages have a special valve through which you can smell the mushroom aroma. The sour aroma from the package indicates infection of the mycelium with bacteriosis.

The appearance of grain mycelium should be uniformly white, which indicates a high viability of the material. Weak greening of mushrooms in the package indicates the presence of mold spores in it. When breaking the mass, you can see how the mycelium is developed inside. The presence of green or black spots on the fracture of the substrate is unacceptable.

Growing champignons at home is a great opportunity to get enough delicious mushrooms

Growing champignons at home for beginners: step by step, photo about

Choosing and preparing a suitable room for growing mushrooms is an important and crucial step. According to reviews, the mushroom harvest may be poor, and the mushrooms themselves may be of poor quality if the conditions in the room are far from ideal. To prepare the basement or cellar in the country, you need to carry out the following procedures indoors:

• clean the cellar of plant residues, collect and take out all the garbage;
• concrete the floor, put insect nets on the ventilation pipes;
• treat all basement surfaces with a 4% formalin solution;
• whitewash the walls with lime with the addition of copper sulfate to the mixture and paint the metal structures;
• organize high-quality ventilation of the room, clean the ventilation openings.

In the cellar for growing mushrooms, a suitable microclimate must be organized. The temperature in the basement should be around +14-17 degrees. The humidity level is controlled with a hygrometer, and it should be 60-70%. Dry air is humidified by spraying racks from a spray bottle. You can dry out excessively humid air by ventilating the room. To facilitate humidity control, it is recommended to equip it with forced ventilation, which will remove carbon dioxide and musty smells from the cellar, which will invariably be present when growing mushrooms.

At the next stage, they begin to prepare nutritious compost on which the mycelium will grow. On the package with the acquired mycelium of champignons, there is usually an instruction with recommendations for preparing the substrate at home, which should be followed.

Video about the preparation of compost for growing champignons:

The finished substrate is lowered into the cellar, basement and laid out in boxes or bags. Compost mycelium is sown to a depth of about 5 cm in a checkerboard pattern, sprinkled with soil, watered. The distance between plantings is 20 cm. It is enough to scatter the grain mycelium over the surface of the nutrient compost.

In the first 2 weeks, the room temperature must be maintained at +25 degrees, but not more than +30, otherwise the mycelium will die. During this time, the mycelium will grow in the substrate. To create suitable conditions for mushrooms, they are irrigated with warm water for the first 14 days at intervals of 3 days. After moistening, the substrate is covered with a film or newspaper to prevent the compost from drying out.

After 2 weeks, the temperature is lowered to + 13-15 degrees, the surface of the substrate is covered with peat, earth, limestone in a ratio of 5: 4: 1. During this period, there is no need to continue irrigation every 3 days, otherwise the mycelium will begin to rot.

Growing champignons at home, video

The procedure for growing champignons at home for beginners with a photo is described in the article. The easiest way takes time, but the effort on the part of the summer resident is worth it. It is only necessary to correctly compose a fertile substrate, withstand the temperature and humidity in the room. Having learned to grow mushrooms in the basement in the country, you can completely refuse to buy them in the store.

Growing champignons as a business first developed in Europe, and a little later appeared in Russia.

You can grow champignon mushrooms not only for commercial purposes, but also for yourself.

Knowing the principles of their cultivation, you can earn good money, quickly develop your own business and reap a good harvest.

For growing champignons, not only industrial, but also home conditions are suitable. You can plant mycelium (mycelium) of champignons in the country, in the garden, garden, garage or shed.

This article will tell you how to do it right.

Where can you grow mushrooms

champignons at home can be done in several ways. Each of them has its own characteristics and specifics:

• In the garden or in the garden. Cultivation of champignons in the open field, of course, will not give a high yield, but it is quite suitable for providing a family with mushrooms. This option involves sowing mushroom mycelium into compost. To do this, organic waste from the compost pit is laid in an even layer on the site chosen for sowing the mycelium. The mycelium itself is planted in early spring. Follow-up care for him consists in regular watering of the compost. The width of the beds with compost prepared for planting champignon mycelium should be up to 1.5 m. In order for the mushrooms to grow well, it is recommended to moisten the soil under them as they dry;
• In the basement. A good option would be breeding champignons. This room has a suitable microclimate, because the temperature and humidity level in it will change slightly (which is especially important for obtaining a high yield of mushrooms). However, this method also has its downsides. In particular, the basement must be well ventilated. The walls and ceiling in such a room must be concrete;

• In the garage. The garage is another suitable place to grow a good crop of champignon mushrooms. It is equipped with durable hanging shelves. Compost is laid out on them in an even layer, into which they are then sown. mushroom spores. Some craftsmen plant mushroom mycelium on the floor in the garage. (For information on how to build a garage from foam blocks, read

• In a greenhouse. Mushroom cultivation is carried out according to the same principle as in open ground. The only difference is the need to create arcs for the greenhouse film and stretch the film itself;
• In bags. Good reviews received a method of breeding champignons in bags. One of the most convenient ways to pack mushroom mycelium is to place it in a plastic container. This does not require large material costs and specialized equipment. First, a substrate is prepared for planting mushroom mycelium and aged for several days until complete burnout (decomposition of the mixture components). The prepared soil mixture is placed in bags and well rammed. Then fungal spores are sown in it;
• Houses. You can get a large harvest of champignons at home if you choose the right place for planting mycelium. One of the suitable options is the cultivation of champignons inside the house. Champignons, like any other mushrooms, love shade and a lot of moisture. Instead of plastic bags, containers with a large number of holes over the entire surface can be used to lay the substrate and sow the spores. In them, the mycelium will develop well due to good ventilation and maintaining high humidity.

Substrate (soil mixture) for growing champignons at home

The substrate for growing mushrooms is an artificially created soil mixture saturated with nutrients.

The preparation of the substrate (soil mixture) for growing champignons is the most important stage in the whole work.

Most suitable for such mushrooms is a composition in which there is compost (prepared from straw with the addition of wheat seed) and horse manure.

If there is no horse manure, it is replaced with cow or bird droppings (and the last component is used carefully, since champignons do not tolerate it well).

The technology for creating a nutrient mixture for growing champignons is as follows:

1. 1. For 1 sq.m. the area of ​​​​the selected area is taken approximately 30 kg of straw (less is impossible, since the process of its decomposition will proceed poorly) and 15 kg of manure (horse or cow). Straw for choose fresh, with no signs of mold. For 2-4 days, it is recommended to moisten the straw with water (water it from a hose, or place it in a large container with water)
   2. Prepared straw and manure are laid alternately in such a way as to form 3-4 layers of each component. Each layer of straw is additionally moistened with water and sprinkled with a thin layer (1 cm) of fertilizer (ammonium nitrate). The finished substrate should be about 1.2 m long, and the height and width should be at least 1.5 m
   3. 7 days after the formation of the substrate, it is necessary to add 7 kg of gypsum, which helps to improve the structure of the mixture and mix all layers of the substrate with a pitchfork
   4. 4 days after the first perebivka (mixing), make the second. If the substrate is not moist enough, it is well watered with water, and 5 kg of crushed chalk and 2 kg of superphosphate fertilizer are added to it.

1. The third time mixing is carried out 4 days after the second. The same time interval is maintained before the 4th mixing of the components
2. Usually the substrate for champignons is considered ready 3-4 weeks after formation. Its maturity is indicated by the absence of an ammonia smell, strong softening of the straw and the dark brown color of the mixture.
3. If the mixture is oversaturated with moisture, it is recommended to scatter it and dry it for 1-2 days, adding 1 kg of chalk to it. In general, it takes 20-22 days to prepare a quality substrate
4. Ready compost is stacked on racks or in special boxes at the rate of 100 kg per 1 sq.m. area.

If it is not possible to prepare a substrate for growing champignons at home, you can buy it ready-made in a special store.

In addition, at home, you can make a soil mixture for growing champignons from other components.

Ingredients such as straw, wheat, rye, nitrogen fertilizers, crushed corn cobs, rabbit (or bird) manure, household waste are well mixed and composted.

There are no exact proportions for preparing the substrate, everything will depend on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room in which they plan to grow mushrooms.

The only thing that needs to be done is to stir the mixture during the ripening (burnout) period every 3-4 days. The finished composition should not have a strong ammonia odor.

Planting mycelium (mycelium)

Sowing mycelium (mycelium) of champignons is carried out in different ways, depending on the place chosen for planting.

For example, in bags for laying mycelium, special holes are made over the entire surface area. About 15 kg of compost are poured into the bags, and then the mycelium is planted.

Advice! While sowing the mycelium, monitor the temperature in the room (it should not exceed 25 ºC) and the humidity level (should be about 70%).

• Compost, characterized by low yield and low susceptibility to negative external influences. The consumption of compost mycelium is 500 g per 1 sq.m.
• Grain - it is packed in plastic bags, the consumption is 400 g per sq.m.

The mycelium is buried in the substrate by 5-7 cm, after which it is covered with a layer of substrate (about 10 cm thick) and the spores of the fungus are laid again.

Landing is recommended to be carried out in a checkerboard pattern, leaving about 20 cm between adjacent sections of the substrate. A week after planting, the mycelium will grow and its cobweblike threads will already become noticeable in the substrate.

During this period, it is very important to maintain an optimal level of humidity in the room where mushrooms are grown. Mycelium appears on the surface of the substrate 2-3 weeks after planting.

About 5 days before this time, you need to prepare the cover soil mixture. It can be made from chalk (1 part) and peat (9 parts).

If mushrooms are grown in a room that is too damp, it is advisable to prepare the cover mixture from a mixture of sand (1 part) and loam (2 parts).

They bring it on top of the substrate layer with sprouted mycelium, adhering to a thickness of 3-5 cm (about 4 buckets per 1 sq.m. of the substrate area).

4 days after the introduction of the cover soil, it is necessary to slightly adjust the temperature in the room where the mushrooms grow. A good harvest of champignons will be obtained if they grow at a temperature of 14-17 ºC.

How to care for champignons

Caring for planted champignons requires regular watering of the substrate and maintaining optimal humidity and temperature in the room.

In general, this procedure must be performed carefully and carefully, since water must remain in the upper, cover layer of the substrate, and in no case should it penetrate the compost (otherwise the mycelium will rot and quickly disappear).

Humidity in the room where mushrooms grow should be maintained at 75-80%. To achieve such indicators, special shelves are equipped there and several basins with water are installed on them.

For mushrooms, a high concentration of carbon dioxide will be detrimental, so the room must be ventilated at least once a day.

How to collect champignons

Active fruiting of champignons can last from 2 to 4 months, and the whole process proceeds unevenly.

The active growth of mushrooms lasts 3-4 days (the first harvest will appear 30-35 days after sowing the mycelium), then a week of calm, and after it - the peak of productivity again.

Most of the total harvest can be collected in the first three waves of active growth of champignons (there can be up to seven such waves in total).

You can determine the maturity of the mushrooms by the film connecting the leg of the fruit and its cap (it should darken, but not yet be torn).

Ripe champignons are harvested very carefully so as not to damage the rudiments of fruiting bodies located nearby. To do this, wrap your fingers around the leg of the mushroom and, gently turning the fruit, remove it from the substrate.

This should also be done very carefully so as not to damage the mycelium, on which the future harvest of champignons depends.

When the entire crop of mushrooms is harvested, the spent compost is removed, and the room must be treated with a bleach solution (4%) to kill microbes.

You can learn more about the features of growing champignons at home from this video:

The main difficulty in the cultivation of champignons is the need to strictly comply with all the required conditions. These mushrooms need a substrate with high nutritional properties, are vulnerable to infections, and are picky about humidity and temperature. The classic technology of growing champignons at home can be too complicated for beginners, but the market offers many opportunities to simplify this procedure - a ready-made substrate, special containers with a microclimate. But this mushroom has a high yield and is a valuable food product.

Room preparation

Having decided to engage in the cultivation of champignons, a novice mushroom grower must imagine the whole process from beginning to end, determine, after evaluating his capabilities, a suitable option with the placement of mycelium and preparation of the substrate, and draw up a program of action. Planning is the first place to start, as growing mushrooms from scratch will require a lot of preparatory work.

Champignons can be grown both outdoors and indoors. The second method is more reliable, since it allows you to control the climatic conditions for which these mushrooms are quite demanding. In this case, a basement or cellar is ideal.

Room requirements:

• purity
• high humidity
• good ventilation
• the ability to regulate the temperature

On a note!

Mushrooms can grow in complete darkness. It will be enough such lighting that will allow a person to carry out work to care for the mycelium.

These mushrooms love dampness, and during the incubation period they will need especially high humidity. In view of this, it is preferable to grow them underground. The most effective solution would be to install equipment for regulating the microclimate, but you can increase the humidity with artisanal methods - installing water tanks, regularly spraying surfaces with a spray bottle.

But ventilation will have to be organized in any case - ordinary exhaust pipes will not be enough. Compost, which is used as a substrate for growing mushrooms, intensively releases carbon dioxide. It has a bad effect on the "well-being" of mushrooms and is dangerous for humans. At the same time, mushrooms do not tolerate drafts.

The temperature that mushrooms require is not the same at different stages of their life cycle, so it must be possible to adjust this figure.

See also: "How to grow oyster mushrooms at home from scratch: the easiest way".

A remedy from which plants grow by leaps and bounds! Just water your plants with it...

Mycelium Equipment

There are several approaches to the organization of mycelium.

1. Cultivation in briquettes is the easiest way to grow mushrooms at home. It is only necessary to purchase a container with a ready-made substrate and place the mycelium in it. From one such briquette, you can harvest 4 crops, after which it becomes unusable. A significant disadvantage is the inability to independently control the quality of the substrate.
2. Growing "in beds" is a cheap and easy method, requiring only a room with the right conditions. The floor in such a room is covered with a plastic film, on which the substrate is laid out in an even layer. The disadvantage of this approach is the high risk of infections due to the inability to regularly process the premises. In addition, due to the location of the crops at the same level, the infection will quickly spread throughout the mycelium.
3. Growing in bags is a very convenient way. The substrate is tightly packed into strong plastic bags, and then filled with water. The mixture should be as moist as possible. Several holes are cut out in the bag, in place of which mycelium is introduced into the substrate. Stir the bags at a distance from each other so that the mushrooms have room to grow. Especially convenient is the placement of bags on the racks.
4. Cultivation on shelves - saves space. The substrate is placed in boxes, which, after laying the mycelium, are placed on racks. The method is considered expensive due to the need to install a drip irrigation system. Irrigation with top-mounted sprayers is undesirable, as it promotes the spread of infections from the upper boxes to the lower ones.
5. Growing in containers is an easy but expensive way. The usual substrate is placed in specially equipped containers equipped with ventilation and humidity systems. The method is suitable if there is no suitable room - in such a box you can grow mushrooms at home on the balcony.

Substrate preparation

Properly prepared substrate for growing champignons provides half the success of the case. Regarding the substrate, champignons are very demanding mushrooms. The ideal mixture should have an acidity of 7.3-7.5 pH, contain 2% nitrogen, 4% calcium, 1.5% each potassium and phosphorus, no more than 0.1% ammonia, and also include a large proportion of polysaccharides and proteins (it is due to them that the fruiting bodies of fungi are formed).

time and place

The procedure for preparing the substrate takes 22-24 days, so first of all you need to provide a suitable space for this.

The substrate must not be allowed to come into contact with the soil (this will help avoid infection with spores of other fungi and prevent nutrient loss), dry out in the sun or irrigate with rain. Based on this, laying the substrate is best done on a concrete or asphalt site, protected by a canopy. If there are no such conditions, you can lay polyethylene on the ground, having previously tamped the soil. Polyethylene can also be used to cover the pile, but only from above, without fixing the edges on the side, so as not to prevent air from entering the mixture.

The working area should be larger than the planned size of the heap, so that there is room for work on "interrupting" the compost.

The fermentation processes that will take place when the substrate “ripens” require a temperature of at least 10°C during the day. Therefore, in the middle lane before April, this procedure should not be started, in the southern regions it can be carried out as early as March. When laying the substrate, it is important that the required temperature is maintained only for the first time. Subsequently, under the influence of the vital activity of microorganisms, the temperature in the compost heap can reach 70°C. At this stage, lowering the air temperature will no longer have an effect.

Substrate volume

A certain volume of material is required to activate the fermentation processes. The width of the compost heap must be at least 1.8 meters, and its total mass must be at least 2.5 thousand kilograms. Based on this, its length and height are calculated, depending on the shape of the site. For example, if the length of the pile is two and a half meters, then its height should also be 1.8 meters.

On a note. Not every mushroom grower needs such a volume of substrate - the rest can be used to fertilize the garden. The substrate already used for growing mushrooms is also suitable for this purpose.

How to grow champignons at home: choosing a room for a mycelium + how to prepare a substrate + where to lay compost + after how many days the mushroom bears fruit + how to grow champignons in stages at home + is it possible to grow mushrooms in bags + investing in a champignon growing business.

There are many culinary recipes in which the presence of mushrooms is simply necessary. Mushrooms are eaten marinated, fried, boiled, in salads, main dishes and hot dinners.

With such a demand, selling this product can be a good business idea, so today we will share with you the secret of how to grow champignons at home, while spending a minimum of personal money savings.

How to grow champignons at home and what kind of room is suitable for mycelium?

In nature, the champignon mushroom grows everywhere - a field, a meadow, a forest, a garden, a kitchen garden, etc. If you want, then you will need to prepare a special room for this.

The basement is most suitable, especially if the floor is earthen. You can try to grow products in a garage, shed or greenhouse, but it will be risky.

The main requirement for the room is ventilation, as well as disinfection. The fungus quickly absorbs all microbes, fungal infections, etc. As a result, you risk poisoning yourself and your consumers.

How is the proper disinfection of a room for growing mushrooms:

1. If you have chosen a basement, barn or garage for your mushroom growing, it is advisable to whitewash the walls and ceiling. Add copper sulfate to whitewash.

   Whitewash should be prepared for use with the addition of the following components:

   • 2-3 kg of slaked lime;
   • 1 bucket of water (10 liters);
   • 100 grams of copper sulfate.

Remember to wear a respiratory mask while disinfecting the room.

2. Another option for disinfecting a room is to dilute 350 grams of bleach in 1 bucket of water (10 liters). The walls are treated by irrigation.
3. If possible, treat the basement with a sulfur checker. After such a strong disinfection, you will have to thoroughly ventilate the room.

Now let's talk about the ventilation of the room where the mushrooms will grow. The basement should always be supplied with fresh air, but at the same time exclude the formation of drafts. Ventilation pipes must be with a filter that will prevent insects from entering the basement.

If you are planning a whole production in order to be able to grow large batches of champignons, then install production fans that will stand above each rack. Try to install an air purifier with a replaceable filter.

The mushroom picker is obliged to constantly monitor the humidity in the room and the air temperature. This will help equipment such as a thermometer and hygrometer. If champignons grow even in winter, then you will also have to purchase a fireplace for heating the basement.

The humidity of the room should be within 70-85%, and the temperature in Celsius - from +12 to +20 maximum, depending on the ripening period of the mushrooms.

The only thing that mushrooms definitely do not need is light. They will breed even in the dark.

Approximate item of expenses in the preparation of the premises:

Item of expenses	Quantity	Amount (rub.)
TOTAL:		10 560 rubles
1. Fan for production room	1	5 000
2. Thermo-hygrometer	1	1 000
4. Chlorine	1 pack	60
5. Air purifier	1	4 500

1) We prepare the right substrate for growing champignons at home.

Now we will tell you how to properly prepare the substrate at home.

The ideal ratio at which champignons will produce is “one to three” - most of the horse manure and a third of the straw.

Instead of horse manure, chicken manure or cow manure is sometimes used. Replacing such an important component can lead to a deterioration in yield, it is better not to risk it.

The main rule is that the substrate should only be prepared outdoors or in a place that has good ventilation. During the ripening process, which lasts 3 weeks, poisonous gas (ammonia and carbon dioxide) will be released. They are harmful to health, so this process is best done outdoors.

Let's take a look at the steps of how to prepare the substrate at home:

Note that the smoldering temperature of the substrate rises to 70-80 degrees above Celsius. As a result, we will get 300 kilograms of compost, which is approximately 3 square meters of area for planting and growing champignons at home.

How to recognize quality compost? It should not stick to the hands, but at the same time it is moist and leaves no traces of dirt.

If during the preparation of the soil for champignons you added more water than expected, then lay out the substrate and dry it a little. Make sure that the moisture does not fall below the required level. The optimal indicator is 60%.

You can buy a ready-made briquette of soil with seeded mycelium in order to grow mushrooms at home. Its price is from 250 rubles per 10 kg. That is, for 300 kg you will have to pay 45,000 rubles.

It will be much cheaper to personally look for everything you need, it will not be difficult if you live in a rural area. In addition, important items such as straw and manure can be given to you for free or for a small fee.

2) We prepare the basis for laying compost.

Depending on the conditions in which you will grow champignons, laying the soil will have its own characteristics.

Option for preparation and arrangement of compost:

1. If you are going to plant champignons directly on the cellar floor, then fill the compost with a layer of 70 centimeters. Be sure to form beds.
2. The second option is to prepare shelving with sides. Fill the soil with a layer of 45 cm.
3. You can grow a mushroom directly in wooden or metal boxes. Make a layer of soil 25 cm, and stack boxes (box capacity - 4 buckets) stacked on top of each other.
4. How to grow champignon mushrooms at home outdoors? You can also do this outdoors or in a greenhouse. In this case, the compost is laid out directly on the ground, the layer is 30 cm. Landing in the soil is early spring. Be sure to make a canopy to protect the champignon from precipitation.

In any case, the compost must be laid well and tightly, its surface must be even.

Detailed instructions on how to grow champignons at home

Now we proceed to the point how to grow champignons at home. Before that, let's consider how the planting of the mycelium itself occurs, the so-called. fungal germs.

Step-by-step description of planting mycelium at home:

How to grow champignons at home in bags?

A polymer bag will help increase the yield of champignons at home. It is used instead of fitted racks and drawers. This technique is now recognized and in demand in many countries around the world.

1. Purchase a plastic film and make a bag yourself. It should fit from 25 to 35 kilograms of compost.
2. In the cellar, the bags must be placed parallel to each other or in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. there must be space between them.
3. The height of the bags and their width can be different. The main thing is that it is convenient for you to work with them, and it was not crowded in the basement.

The film is not expensive - 50 m2 will cost about 100 rubles.

If problems arise and one of the bags becomes infected, then it must be thrown away. If you use racks, then in order to disinfect the mycelium, you will have to throw out the entire shelf and re-make the substrate.

Technology of cultivation of champignon mushrooms.

How to grow mushrooms yourself?
Business at home.

Business idea - growing mushrooms at home?

Do not forget that electricity consumption will increase due to the constantly on ventilation. Along with this, the numbers in utility bills.

What can you say about revenue? From one square meter, you can collect up to 10 kilograms of champignons, from 3, respectively, 30 kg.

Even if we take into account that champignons will produce only 5 waves, we will collect about 150 kilograms of the product in the end. The price of a raw mushroom on the market is about 120 rubles per kilogram. If they can be preserved and sold, then you can put a price of 200 rubles per 1 liter of champignons.

Even a small harvest can bring a stable profit of 30 thousand rubles. If you grow champignons at home all year round, then the income will grow, while the costs of such a business are minimal. This allows us to conclude that the mushroom business has great potential.

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