Breeding cows at home as a business

Cattle breeding has always been a very profitable occupation. It doesn't matter what kind of cattle you are going to work with, dairy or beef. But, as in any type of entrepreneurship, this will require certain costs, which is very alarming for novice farmers. Therefore, we will find out whether it will be a good idea or a loss-making project to raise cows at home as a business.

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Peculiarities

The first step of a novice farmer should be to analyze all the nuances of the case. To begin with, you should study all the individual characteristics of your region and find out if it is suitable for such purposes. Next, you can proceed to the analysis of the project strategy.

Breeding cows has long been considered the leading direction of animal husbandry.

So, breeding cows as a business: where to start? How to succeed? To create a successful business, a businessman should master several important theses regarding this project. You also need to understand all the nuances of the business and learn about the following:

the main characteristics of livestock breeding in the summer and winter seasons;
breeds of cows that are best suited for the sale of meat;
what type of animal will be profitable for marketing milk;how the manure will be sold.

After you have dealt with all the above questions, you should already have an idea of how to open your own cow farm and decide in which direction your enterprise will work. There are several such options:

Production and sale of meat.
Marketing of milk or dairy products.
Sale of both milk and meat.
Youth trade.

To start a business, you need to find out what your competitors are. Of course, you need to open an enterprise as far as possible from similar points. Also, the first step is to study what will be the demand for products of this kind and find out about the possibility of establishing channels for its implementation. It is possible to establish sales at small points of sale, meat processing plants and dairies. You also need to look for markets in neighboring cities or villages.

Decor

For a small business, it is enough to issue an IP. Although your business will be conducted at home, you still cannot do without formalities and mandatory documents. You can issue an individual entrepreneur according to a special code, animal husbandry. In this case, taxes will be low.

Looking for a suitable site

Choosing a territory for cattle breeding is the most important thing in business. When considering a suitable place, it is necessary to correctly determine its size and conditions. If there are more cows than size allows, there is a risk of severe pollution of the territory and water sources. Thus, all the work will go down the drain. You should immediately assess how many livestock you want to work with, and then choose the ideal site for this.

When choosing a site for organizing a farm, consider how much land you need to properly maintain all the livestock

Let's analyze the question of how much land is needed for 1 cow. So, for one head, you should have the following approximate area of crops:

cereals 0.50–0.75 ha;
long-term herbs in arable land and borrowing lands 0.50–0.70 ha;
annual grasses and silage 0.15–0.25 ha;
root crops 0.05–0.07 ha.

That is, for normal grazing, about a hectare per head is required. Considering that you need to stock up hay for the winter season, one more hectare of land should be provided for one individual. Based on the above calculation, you need land for grazing herds and growing crops for hay. That is, one cattle will have about two hectares of water meadow. But when the field is not very fertile, this rate will double. Now that there are ready-made calculations for one animal, you can easily determine how much land you need to keep 100 cows or more.

We equip the building

It is best to start your own business with a small number of cows, and in the future, depending on how the business is progressing, buy more cattle. For example, you can buy 10 cows first, later ten more. In addition, a lot depends on your financial situation. If things are going very well and bring in a regular income, you can safely increase the number of livestock.

The best solution for a beginner would be to rent an old barn, which he can restore and use to develop his business.

An old farm can be a good housing for cows. This will be an ideal option, since it will be quite difficult to build a building for livestock on your own - you need investments and a building permit. It will take a lot of time and a lot of money to collect documents. It will be much more profitable and faster to rent some ready-made adapted premises and just make a suitable repair there.

The dimensions of the building for ten cows should be approximately 34x6 meters. The conditions for keeping the herd also depend on what kind of livestock you plan to have. If there are few animals, keeping them in stalls is a good option. You can also leave food there. Then the cows themselves will take it as much as they need. For comfortable housing of one animal, two square meters are enough.

When you select a place for business, you should pay attention to the areas that are located next to agricultural organizations. When such an enterprise is located next to the barn, it will be much easier for you to get rid of manure. If, for example, a neighboring organization is engaged in plants, you can sell them manure for fertilizer.

For one animal for its normal development, you need to allocate about two square meters of free space

The size of the stall for one cattle should be approximately 1 by 2 m. In addition, it should be borne in mind that each compartment should have a slight slope for waste to drain. The boxing adaptation must necessarily take into account a separate door for manure removal, which is diametrically opposite to the feeder. Access to the boxes must be direct.If you want to work only with milk, you need to purchase a milking system, as well as consider regular water supply. You don't have to spend money on this. It is much more profitable to buy a device than to hire several milkmaids who need to be paid for their work regularly. The concept of feeders can be personal or collective, and the feeding system can be independent or mechanized.

Purchase of young animals

The purchase of calves is selected in connection with the purpose for which you need them: for meat or dairy products. Breeding cows for milk as a business (you can find a video on this topic at the end of the article) will be a pretty good start for a beginner. To choose the right dairy livestock, you should pay attention to several features.

When purchasing animals, be guided by your own experience and expert advice

Cows that are best suited for milk have a round midsection and underdeveloped muscles, so their belly is often oddly shaped. In addition, they have thin horns and a more elongated head. In dairy cows, the withers are quite sharp, and the loin is compatible with the croup of the cattle's body. Together they form an almost straight line. Of course, the udder should be very large and completely hairless. After the end of milking, it greatly decreases and forms small folds.

It is necessary to pay attention to the age of the individual, as over time it will give less and less milk. How many years an animal lives can be calculated by the horns, that is, by the number of lines on them. When you count all the rollers on the horns, then simply add two more years to this number and get the exact age of the cow. Everything is more than simple.

Large income will bring not only the sale of milk, but also the breeding of cows for meat. So, now let's pay attention to the selection of these breeds. They differ in such features:

big weight;
carcass suitability;
adaptability of a cow to climate change;
a healthy uterus so that the cow can bring calves every year;
rapid growth of young animals.

Such cows are bought very rarely for sale, most often they are taken for the sale of meat. This type of business is the most profitable business, but also the most difficult.

Animal nutrition

For most entrepreneurs, it seems very difficult to determine how much feed a cow needs per day. The diet of the animal includes hay, feed and flax seeds. All these components are used to make the total mass of bait. Without such a nutrient mixture, the animal will begin to lose weight and produce much less milk, and this will be a big blow to your business. For a novice entrepreneur, it is very important to know that the nutrition of a cow greatly affects milk yield, and even the taste of meat. When a cow eats poor quality hay, the milk can be bitter and tasteless. This will greatly affect income, because no one will buy low-quality products.

Of course, there are many animal feed mixes on the market, but their main food, nevertheless, is hay. Therefore, do not be too lazy to find out how much hay a cow needs per day for its normal development. Now there are certain norms of feed that one animal consumes per day. Based on them, one cow will eat an average of 9-15 kg of hay.

True, in different seasons the norm will not be stable. After all, in the summer the livestock grazes and eats in the meadows. Therefore, it is important to determine how much hay a cow needs for the winter, because if there is little food left, the animals will starve and the whole enterprise will suffer from this. According to experts, about seven tons of hay will be required for one winter season. True, the figure is calculated only for a few months, so, for a year, store somewhere around 25 tons of hay for one individual. This is the main food for a cow and there is not much of it, it is better to stock up a little more hay than you need.

Try to harvest hay and silage for the winter a little more than the required minimum.

But the cow should also eat silage, because this also has a very positive effect on the quality of milk and is a very important type of bait. Remember, your main income comes from the sale of milk, so it is important to follow all the rules of nutrition in order to get good milk yields and high profits.In summer, hay stocks can be reduced by five tons, and silage by about four tons.. But Russia is not very rich in green meadows, and it is not always possible to find a suitable place for pasture. If the meadow is infertile, there is no way to reduce the supply of feed.

Employees

Starting work in the countryside, you can attract villagers as employees. So, you need such vacancies:

milkmaid (1) - 15,000;
livestock veterinarian (1) - 17,000;
handyman (1) - 13,000;
sales manager (1) - 16,000;
accountant - 15,000.

But if the owner of the farm has free time, he can take over the duties of a manager and accountant, thereby reducing the costs of the enterprise. In this case, it will be enough for you to hire only a milkmaid, a handyman and a veterinarian. You will pay them about 45 thousand rubles.

Costs and income

Many entrepreneurs know that when starting their own business, everything should be calculated in detail, but how to make a cow breeding business plan to take into account all the details and nuances? We will give you a general scheme for such a calculation. Keep in mind that we took averages, and each region will require an individual project development.

To compare possible risks and benefits, a business plan for the project should be developed

To open your own business, a businessman will need to invest a lot of money. The amount will be approximately 650,000–1,000,000 rubles. The initial investment will consist of several purchases:

construction or repair of premises - 190,000;
purchase of cows (7) - 270,000;
purchase of bulls (3) - 190,000;
registration of entrepreneurial activity - 17,000.

Starting a business will cost you about 700,000 rubles. Calculations and costs for the year will be as follows:

rent - 360,000;
purchase of feed - 65,000;
employee salaries - 540,000;
state taxes - 100,000;
other needs - 100,000.

That is, 1,165,000 rubles will have to be spent on the maintenance of ten cows. Every entrepreneur must remember that as the business grows, the costs will increase, but so will the income.

For the full functioning of the enterprise, additional equipment should be purchased: devices for dispensing feed, water and collecting waste. Also, the right decision would be to complete the construction of an additional building for the slaughter of livestock. True, this can be done after a while, after the payback of the case.

Experts believe that breeding cows as a business profitability has a very high, because meat and milk products are in great demand, and besides, your income will grow every month. Approximate income calculations:

1 kg of beef - 370,000 rubles (retail);
1 kg of beef - 310,000 (wholesale);
1 liter of milk - 55,000 (retail);
1 liter of milk - 46,000 (wholesale).

On average, 2-2.5 thousand liters of milk and about 300 kilograms of beef will be sold per month. Income from the sale of milk will amount to 1,600,000 rubles, and the sale of meat will bring 1,300,000 rubles. To these figures, we can also add the sale of manure. That is, the size of the average annual profit will be at least 2,000,000 rubles. This will make it possible to recoup the investment within a year after the start of work.

Breeding dairy breeds of cows will be the preferred start of a business for a beginner - it will give a good profit and at the same time will not require significant investments

By seeing approximate, examples of income, you can determine whether such a business will be profitable for you. You can also calculate in detail how much money you will need to invest to start your business. After your business starts to bring in a good income, you can expand the business by increasing the number of cows. True, for a successful undertaking, you should create a business plan for breeding cows. and calculate everything in detail.

Breeding cows has long been considered the leading direction of animal husbandry